Demand Response in Integration of Renewable Generation:

Pacific Northwest Experience

Ken CorumNASUCA Mid-year Meeting

June 10, 2013, Seattle WA

What Kind of DR?

• DR 1.0– Vast majority of DR experience– Peak load reductions– Limit of ~ 100 hours/year

• DR 2.0– Reductions and increases in load– Throughout day and year – perhaps 8760

hours/year

Illustration of DR 2.0 Electric Water Heaters

Illustration of DR 2.0 Electric Water Heaters

More Examples of DR 2.0

• Refrigerated warehouses

• Pulp and paper plants

• Municipal water pumping and treatment

• Data centers

• Electrochemical processes (e.g. aluminum)

• Electric vehicles (cars, forklifts, etc.)

• More….. “the more we look, the more we find”

Features of DR 2.0 Loads?

• Storage–Heat–“Coolth”–Elevated water, compressed air–Intermediate product (e.g. wood pulp)

• Flexible delivery of service• Timing of oxygenation of treated water• Timing or location of data center service

Time Scale of DR 2.0

• Hours – load shifting

• Minutes – “load following”, 5-minute energy market(?)

• Seconds – regulation

Cost Effectiveness?

• Early days – many potential alternatives– Hardware, market structure, forecasting

• Mass market options (e.g. WH) need “market transformation” strategies to reduce cost and simplify participation

• C&I options need detailed understanding of processes (joint benefit with energy efficiency)

• Portfolio management

Caveats

• Not all loads can do DR 2.0

• Like batteries, resource available now depends on recent deployments

• Will require innovative commercial relationships

Questions?

Ken Corum

ken@corum.us.com