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Demand for Veterinary Education The Veterinary Applicant Pool
Lisa M. Greenhill, MPA, EdD
Associate Executive Director for
Institutional Research & Diversity
Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
Applicant Research Portfolio• Fourth Year of this Growing Collection of Research
• General Applicants• Applicants Who Do Not Complete Their Applications• Applicants Who Apply to International Institutions• Post-Admissions Cycle Survey
• Variety of Research Topics• Demographics• Career Interests• Level of Financial Literacy & Financial Behaviors• Debt Impressions• Application Experience
2,247 2,1932,381
2,843
2,981
3,586
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
19
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Tota
l Nu
mb
er o
f 1
st Y
ear
DV
M S
tud
ents
First Year DVM Student Enrollment at the US Colleges of Veterinary Medicine
AAVMC Internal Reports1980-2015
Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Enrollment 2,027 2,254 2,247 2,320 2,247 2,281 2,279 2,207 2,208 2,194 2,193 2,195 2,258 2,296 2,276 2,283 2,334 2,326Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Enrollment 2,299 2,361 2,381 2,382 2,406 2,488 2,570 2,570 2,657 2,704 2,766 2,793 2,843 2,933 3,013 2,981 3,310 3,586
7,286
3,922
6,783
4,440
6,769
6,600
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
Nu
mb
er o
f R
epo
rted
Ap
plic
ants
Year
Veterinary School Applicant Figures AAVMC Internal Data Reports
1980- 2015
19 years 16 years
56
73
82 84 85 86 88 89 8995
100 102 102 102 104109
113 114 117 120 120 120 123 123 126132 134
139 142
162
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Nu
mb
er o
f Se
ats
College of Veterinary Medicine
Number of Seats in the First Year ClassBy College of Veterinary Medicine
AAVMC Internal Reports2014-2015
320
209
169
138
120
100
7770
6049 43
1912
5 00
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
CA TX FL NY IL
OH MI
NC
GA
PA
VA
CO TN WI
MN LA NJ
MD
WA
MA
MO IN AL
KY
OK IA AZ
KS
OR
PR SC MS
CT
UT
WV
MT
NM AR
NH
NV ID ND SD VT
DE RI
WY HI
NE
ME
AK
DC VI
Enrolled First Year Students by State* Residency at the Time of Application
American Students OnlyAAVMC Internal Reports
2015
*Includes enrollees from US territories and the District of ColumbiaOrange bars indicate states and territories with no college or school of veterinary medicine. .
2,570 2,570 2,657 2,704 2,7663,331 3,449
3,968 4,116 4,038 4,230
4,453 4,5815,194
5,740 5,920
6,208 6,1436,265 6,305 6,769 6,744
1.9 2.0
2.2
2.3 2.4
1.91.8
1.6 1.51.7
1.6
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009* 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Ap
plican
t to Seat R
atioA
pp
lican
ts &
Fir
st Y
ear
Seat
s
Academic Year Ending
VMCAS Applicants and First Year SeatsUS and International Institutions
AAVMC Internal Reports2004-2014
First Year Seats VMCAS Applicants Applicant to Seat Ratio
*2009 is the first year data is available forAAVMC International Members
3.55
3.54
3.57
3.57
3.60
3.56
3.35
3.4
3.45
3.5
3.55
3.6
3.65
3.7
3.75
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Ave
rage
Gra
de
Po
int
Ave
rage
Academic Year Ending
1st Year Student Pre-Vet GPA10 Year Trend
AAVMC Internal Reports2006-2015
The mean science pre-vet GPA for 1st year students in 2014 was 3.48.
Additional Admitted Applicant Information
• Average Years of Pre-professional Preparation:• 5.6 Years
• GRE Scores – Class of 2018• Average Verbal Percentile= 65.1
• Average Quantitative Score = 58.1
• Degree status of Class of 2018 at admission• No Degree Completed = 9.7%
• BS/BA Completed = 85.1%
• MS/MA Competed = 4.9%
• PhD Completed = .3%
• 2014-2015 Academic Year• Resident Tuition - $22K (median)
• Non-Resident Tuition – $46.3K (median)
Where are applicants from?
0
100
200
300
400
500
Northeast Midwest South West Canada ForeignNational
Nu
mb
er o
f V
MC
AS
Ap
plic
ants
Rural Suburban Urban
16.9
27.5%31.2%
18.5%
0.8% 0.8%
85.8%
1.6%
6.8%
2.1%
5.5%
0.8%
0% 50% 100%
White/Middle Eastern
AmericanIndian/Alaskan Native
Asian
Black/AfricanAmerican
Hispanic
NativeHawaiian/Pacific…
Decline to Answer
Race/Ethnicity
86.7%
13.0%
0.3%
Gender
Female Male Other Categories
Applicant Career Path Interests
65.9
41.0
37.5
31.6
28.4
26.6
23.9
22.1
12.2
5.3
0.1
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
Private Practice
Production/Large Animal
Equine
Research
Shelter Medicine
Public Health
Training
Federal Government
Corporate Veterinary Medicine
Public Policy
Other Career Path
Percentage of interested Applicants
Age Percent
10 or younger 57.4%
11-16 20.4%
17-25 18.1%
When applicants develop an interest in veterinary medicine
More Demographics
• Most respondents attended a public undergraduate university• 73.6% in 2015• Regional variation – NE applicants more likely to attend private
institutions• 44% of applicants have taken community college courses.
• Reasons = dual HS enrollment & cost• Average 26 credit hours
• More than 1 out of 5 respondents are first generation college students• 2015- 20.9%
Applicant’s Undergraduate Debt (At time of application)
• Low overall levels of reported undergraduate debt• 46.9% reported no undergraduate student debt
• 78.7% have less than $30,000 in undergraduate debt
58.3%
56.4%
52.2%
23.9%
1.7%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Financial Support from Family
Merit Scholarship
Working
Need Based Scholarship
Military Benefits
Factors Contributing to Low Undergraduate Debt
7.9%
11.5%
54.3%
26.3%
Not working
Volunteer Work
Part time for pay
Full time for pay
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
VMCAS Applicant’s Work Status
381 477
1,074
1,264
1,975
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Research Experience Food AnimalExperience
Small AnimalExperience
VeterinaryExperience
Equine Experience
Mean Applicant Experience Hours By Type
Time length based on a 40 hour work week.
Do you plan to bring your pet to vet school?
69.7%
18.8%
11.4%
Yes
No
No, but financially responsible
• Only 12% are planning to rent additional boarding facilities or accommodations.
• Average applicant reported pet expense budget per month= $436.40
• $21,000 at the end of 4 years. • This is a hidden cost to students as
it is not something they seem to consciously include in budget.
• Students are also apt to adopt animals along the way.
2015 Applicants’ Debt Estimate
Applicants Average Estimate= $162,050
25% said less than $100K14.3% said over $250K
Concern about Debt and Employment After Graduation
9.2%
17.1%
23.7%31.5%
18.5%
Concern about Ability to Pay off Student Loans within 10-25 years
17.0%
33.9%25.8%
16.5%
6.8%
Concern about Employability After Completing DVM
Some General Observations
• Only about 25% of applicants are 1st time college attendees and less than 20% are from other underrepresented backgrounds.
Willingness to Pay
• Applicants are willing to pay a lot of money to become a vet.• This is in part because of a lack of financial literacy and
knowledge about the cost of a veterinary medical education and the more general costs of being in graduate school or “adulting.”
• This is also a fiscal representation of passion for the profession.
Some Research Observations
• Increases in financial literacy are generally not correlated with improved financial decision making until 40+.
• More affluent youth are more likely to make poor financial decisions because of low financial literacy levels.
• There are few standards for what constitutes “good financial education.”
• The best practice is to have a certified financial planner or advisor available as a part of the student services suite. • The challenge remains to move past the taboo of talking about money.
I own pets because I love them and want
to be a vet.
Demonstrate you know what you’re getting into for low or
no wages.
Admission & Graduating
Debt
$30K Internship/
Residency
You won’t make money, but you have passion.
A Cycle of Inadvertent Messaging Becomes
Reality
• Some Concluding Thoughts• Applicants are still interested.
• Applicants are still competitive.
• Applicants’ levels of financial literacy is no different than their peers.
• Increased financial literacy is not correlated with improved behavior before middle age.
• Their passion for the profession may contribute to a willingness to pay the increasing costs of attendance.
• We can continue to anticipate slow declines in the number of applicants—this can only be abated by active recruitment and education.
• This will impact the applicant to seat ratio, and while this is concerning, the overall competitiveness of the pool can absorb some of these changes.
Please send inquiries to:
Lisa M. Greenhill, MPA, EdD
Associate Executive Director for
Institutional Research & Diversity
202-371-9195