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Demand for bus and Rail. Analyzing a corridor with a similar Level Of Service 5 th Israeli-British/Irish Workshop in Regional Science April, 2007. The Question. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Demand for bus and Rail
Analyzing a corridor with a similar Level Of Service
5th Israeli-British/Irish Workshop in Regional ScienceApril, 2007
The Question
Does the higher demand for Rail transit compares to Bus transit is a result of differences in Level Of Service variables or of the Passenger attitude toward the transit technology?
The problem
Lack of transit corridors where both transit modes are operated in a similar level of service.
Presentation Outline
Description of the selected corridor Description of transit Level Of Sercive in the
selected corridor Transit mode split in the selected corridor Passengers survey conducted in the selected
corridor Survey results and conclusions
The corridor – Haifa – Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv metropolitan area : North section
Maximum distance between modes is less than 2 km
תחנת רכבת ת''אההגנה
תחנת רכבתהאוניברסיטה
תחנת רכבת ת''אמרכז סבידור
תחנת רכבת הרצליה
תל אביב יפו
תחנת רכבתארלוזורוב
מסוף 2000
שלום
מע"ר
תחנהית מרכז
איינשטיין
מכללת לוינסקי
סמינר הקיבוצים
יהודה המכבי
מחלף הרצליה
מחלף הסירה
רב מכר
הרצליה
רמת השרון
בני ברק
רמת גן
קרית אונו
תחנת רכבת חוףהכרמל
תחנת רכבת קיסריהפרדס חנה
תחנת רכבת עתלית
תחנת רכבת נתניה
תחנת רכבת חדרהמערב
תחנת רכבתבנימינה
תחנת רכבת ביתיהושע
חיפה
נתניה
חוף כרמל
עתלית
מחלף אולגהחדרה
מחלף נתניה
וינגייט מכון
The corridor – Stations and route
Similar service areas for both transit modes
Rail: Serves exclusively the Binyamina area
Bus: A broader alighting service in Tel Aviv
Heavy Rail Distance (km) BusHaifa 0.10 HaifaAtlit 1.80 AtlitBinyaminaQuesariyaolga-Hadera 1.05 OlgaNatanya 0.50 NatanyaNatanya (Beit Yehos.) 2.25 Natanya (Vingate)
HerzeliyaHerzeliya 1.00 Hasira
Rav MecherGlilot (Kantri)
T.A University 1.20 Ramat Aviv HotelYahuda Hamakabi
T.A Central 0.37 ArlosoroffT.A Hashalom 0.22 Hashalom
CBDT.A Hahagana 0.55 CBS
Heavy Rail Saburban serviceAlighting Only
Level of service – Survey Limitations
Congestion at sections of Bus route between 7-9 am
Straight rail service was not taken into account
Daily Departures Travel Cost (in INS)
Similar travel cost
Similar number of departures, rail frequency is a bit higher in Rush hours
Level of service – Cost and Headway
05
1015
202530
3540
4550
One w ay Tw ow ays
One w ay+Local
Elderly Child 5-10
Student
Tra
vel C
ost
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Daily After 9 am
Dep
artu
res
RailBus
Travel time comparison*
*Rail – Taken from timetable
*Bus – Time taken on vehicle
In vehicle travel time difference is no more than12 min
RailBus
0102030405060708090
Haifa
Atlit
Binya
mina
olga
-Hade
ra
Natan
ia
Hasira
Unive
rsity
Arloso
roff
Hasha
lom CBD
CBS-Hah
agana
Level of service – In vehicle travel time
BusRail
Privacy advantageWider seats and
tables
Level of service – Comfort
Mode split – Rail and Bus
92%
8%
רכבת
אוטובוס
Source: Israel railways counts at Hof Hakarmel st., Survey counts on Buses
RailBus
The survey – Rationality
Comparison between travel habits in two transit modes which supply similar level of service
Conducted at the intermodal station in Hof Hakarmel between 9-15 Bus: At the waiting area Rail: At the platform
Questionnaires were given for all waiting passengers (ap. 5 min needed to fill up the questionnaire)
Passengers that arrive in the last minutes are not included in the survey
Total collected: Rail: 101 questionnaires Bus: 107 questionnaires
The survey – Data collecting
3 parts:
1. Trip charasteristics
(13 questions)
2. Passenger characteristics
(12 questions)
3. Passengers Attitude
(5 questions)
5 4 3 2 1
חשוב לי לדעת במדויק מתי אגיע ליעדי
חשוב לי לנצל ביעילות את זמן הנסיעה
אני מוכן לשלם יותר כדי לקצר את זמן הנסיעה
חשובה לי הפרטיות בזמן הנסיעה
חשובה לי הנוחות בזמן הנסיעה חשוב לי לרדת בסמוך ליעד הנסיעה שלי
5 4 3 2 1
דיוק בהגעה ליעד הנסיעה ניצול יעיל של זמן הנסיעה
קיום פרטיות בזמן הנסיעה נוחות רבה בזמן הנסיעה ירידה בסמוך ליעד הנסיעה
ʸ ʷʱʤɹ ʩʧʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠʡʭ ʩʱ ʥh–ʡʩʡʠ -ʬʺ
ʬʲ ʪʬʤʣʥh .ʯʥʩhʫʨʡʺ ʩʮʣ ʠʤʣʥʡʲ ʸ ʥʡʲ ʹ ʮʹ ʩʤʦyʷʱ5ʤʣʥ .ʪh ʮʦʮʺ ʥʣ
1. ʸ ʩ :ʤhʧʺ ʬʺ ʲ ʢʤʯʫʩʤʮ____________________ʡʥʧʸ
2. ʣʁ ʩʫʲ ʢʤʺʤhʧʺ ʬʺ ʥyʩ ʺ ʩhʥʮ .ʣɦ ʥʡʥʨʥʠ .ʢʸ ʧʠʭ ʣʠʩ "ʲ ʤʁ ʴ ʷʤ .ʡʤhʧʺ ʡʤʩhʧʩʨʸ ʴ ʡʫʸ .ʠ :
ʺ ʩhʥʮ .ʥʩʬʢʸ .ʤspecialʸ ʧʠ .ʦ
3. ʣ .ʡʠʬʬʬʫ .ʠ :ʤhʧʺ ʤʣʩʬʺ ʩʮʥʩʤʩʩhʧʸ ʥʡ ʲ ʭ ʬʹ ʬʪʺ ʥhʥʫʰ5.ʢˀ5-10 -ʮʸ ʺ ʥʩ .ʣˀ10ʧ "ʹ
4. ʤ ʩɦ ʰʤʣ ʩʸ ʩ : ______________________ʸ ʥʦʠʥʠʡʥʧʸ
5. ʤʣʩyʩʰʧʺʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠʤʯʮ__________
6. ʤʡʩʦʩʶ ʮʠʡʰʧʺʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠ .ʢʸ ʧʠʭ ʣʠʩ "ʲ ʳ ʥɦʩʠ .ʡʤhʧʺ ʤʣʩʬʤhʥʧʤʩʨʸ ʴ ʡʫʸ .ʠʤʣʩyʩʤ
ʺ ʩʬʢʸ .ʥʩhʥʮ .ʤ ʥyʩ ʺ ʩhʥʮ .ʣ_________
7. ʤhʧʺ ʬʺ ʲ ʢʤʯʫʩʤʮ: 1ʺ ʩʡʤʯʮ .2ʤʣʥʡʲ ʤʯʮ .3ʭ ʩʣʥʮʩʬʤʯʮ .4. ʺ ʥʩhʡ \ʩʥʬʩ 5. ʸ ʧʠ
8. ʤ ʩɦ ʰʤr ʥɦʡ ʲ ʩʢʺ ʯʫʩʤʬ1ʤ ʩʡʤ .2ʤʣʥʡʲ ʬ .2ʭ ʩʣʥʮʩʬʬ .4ʩʥʬʩʡʺ ʥʩh .5ʸ ʧʠ .
9. .ʢʲ ʥʡʹ ʬʺ ʧʠ .ʡʺ ʥʥʧʸ ʭ ʩʩʬ .ʠʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠʡʹ ʥʮʩ ʤ ʣʩʮʩʤʮ2-4ʲ ʥʡʹ ʡʭ ʩʮʲ ʴ
ʭ ʥʩʩʣʮ .ʣ
10. ʭ ʠʤʤʩʤʪʺ ʥy ʴ ʠʡʤ ʩɦ ʰʤ ʠʲ ʶ ʡʬʺ ʩʧʫʥhʤ _______ʩʨʸ ʴ ʡʫʸ ʡ
11. ʤ ʩɦ ʰʤʤ ʶ ʥʡʠʬʲ ʥʣʮʺ ʩʧʫʥhʤʡʺ ʡʫʸ_____________________________
12. ʺ ʥʠʡʤ ʥʩʡʷʤʭ ʲ ʭ ʩʫʱ ʮʤ ʠʤʮʫʣ (1 ,ʬʬʫʭ ʩʫʱ ʮʠʬ -3ʺ ʩʬʧʤy ʥʁʡʭ ʩʫʱ ʮ -5-
(ʣʥʠʮʤʡʸ ʤʣʩʮʡʭ ʩʫʱ ʮ:
13. (ʭ ʩʠʡʤʭ ʩhʩʩɹʠʮʤʮʣʧʠʬʫʡʺ ʡʫʸ ʤʩhɹ ʬ ʲ ʱ ʥʡʥʨʥʠʳ ʩʣ ʤʣʩʮʥʦʩʠʡ1 ,ʳ ʩʣ ʠʬʬʬʫ -
3ʤʨʲ ʥʮʤʣʩʮʡʳ ʩʣ -5 :ʤʡʸ ʤʣʩʮʡʳ ʩʣ -
16_ -_______ʬʩʢ
17_ -_______ʯʩʮ
18_ ______ʺ ʩʡʤ ʹ ʮʡʺ ʥʴ ʰʸ ʴ ʱ ʮ
19_ ________ʺ ʩʡʤ ʹ ʮʡʭ ʩʡʫʸ ʸ ʴ ʱ ʮ
20_ ʤɦ ʰʫʤʺ ʩ ʣʥʧʺ ʲ ʶ ʥʮʮ -ʫʤhʩʤ (ʥʨʥyʡ( 7,500 .ʡ ʲ ʶ ʥʮʮʤʯʮʤʫʥʮʰ .ʠ :ʪʺ ʱ ʰʫʤ .ʧ"ʹ
ʲ ʶ ʥʮʮʤʬʲ ʮ .ʢʲ ʶ ʥʮʮʤʡʩʡʱ
The survey – The questionnaire
Results – Passenger characteristics
Number of vehicles per HouseholdIncome
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
0 1 2 2+
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Lower Average Higher
RailBus
Rail passengers belong to a higher socioeconomic group compare to bus passengers
Access modeAvailability of private car
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
P&R K&R Bus Walk PrivateTaxi
Total0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Yes No
Results – Travel characteristics
Private car is a dominant mode as an access mode for rail
Availability of private car is greater for rail passengers
RailBus
תחנת רכבת הרצליה
מחלף הרצליה
מחלף הסירה
תחנת רכבת ת''אההגנה
תל אביב יפו
תחנת רכבתשלום
שלום
מע"ר
תחנהמרכזית
אליעזר קפלן
Results – Rail used where bus should have been preferred
Herzeliya industry areaNeve tzedek
500 m
1000 m 2500 m
500 m
Large share of rail passengers (42%) doesn’t save time when using rail mode
Results – Passengers attitude
Reason for choosing the mode
Satisfaction by mode
Comfort and time cost are the main reasons for using rail mode
Large share of bus free riders
0.0
0.5
1.01.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.54.0
4.5
5.0
Accuracy Efficiency Privacy Comfort Closeness toDest.
צעמו
מן
ציו
RailBus
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Comfort Time Basicattitide
Cost Safety No reason Free ride
Conclusions
Mismatch in the level of service and mode choice
Rail attracts higher income passengers Large share of rail passengers don’t save
time by using rail service Comfort is the main reason for preferring
the rail
Future research
The validity of the assumption that rail level of service embedded in bus will attract the same number of passengers is questionable
The effect of subjective (psychological) factors on the feeling of comfort on bus vs. rail should be investigated