Delivering Local Development - OECD.org · thanked for their collaboration and support of the project. Lottie Tempest Mountford edited the 12 case studies. Richard Grange, Marketing

Delivering LocalDevelopment

NEW GROWTH AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The

opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official

views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries.

This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or

sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries

and to the name of any territory, city or area.

The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The useof such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israelisettlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

Photo credits: Cover ©Marketing Manchester.

© OECD 2013

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3

Foreword

What next?

4

smörgåsbord

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5

DELIVERING LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: NEW GROWTH AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES © OECD 2013

Acknowledgements

This report was prepared under the authority of the OECD LEED (Local Economic and Employment Programme) and its’ Directing Committee. This work was undertaken as part of the LEED Programme’s Delivering Local Development activity led by Debra Mountford and is supported by the European Commission. The report case studies cover 11 countries: Australia, China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Sincere thanks are expressed to Amsterdam, Barcelona, Hamburg and Manchester for inviting the LEED Programme to carry out this analysis.

We are grateful to Greg Clark, Chair of the OECD LEED Forum on Development Agencies and Investment Strategies who was the lead author and Tim Moonen who led the case study research. We are also grateful to Mike Emmerich and Baron Frankal, New Economy Manchester and Rachel Combie, Marketing Manchester; Arthur van Dijk, Amsterdam Airport Area; Michel van Wijk, Schiphol Area Development Company and Martijn van Vliet Department of Economic Affairs, City of Amsterdam; Jordi Sacristan, Barcelona Activa; and Melanie Parr, HafenCity. Other participating cities are duly thanked for their collaboration and support of the project.

Lottie Tempest Mountford edited the 12 case studies. Richard Grange, Marketing Manchester and François Iglesias, OECD LEED designed the cover. Jennifer Allain prepared the report for publication.

7

Table of contents

Part I Delivering Local Development: New Growth and Investment Strategies

Part II Case studies

Tables

8

Figures

9

Part I

Delivering Local Development: New Growth and Investment Strategies:

Main Findings

11

Introduction: New growth and investment strategies

Delivering Local Development

12

Adjusting local strategy to new economic realities

Recession, Recovery and Reinvestment: The Role of Local Economic Leadership.

13

A challenging context for local development

14

Five cities in the EU and seven cities outside the EU

Middleweight cities

The review

15

The 12 cities: Profiles and comparative data

Metropolitan GDP of the 12 cities in 2010*

Note:

Sourcewww.mckinseyquarterly.com/Cities_the_next_frontier_for_global_growth_2758

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

USD

bill

ions

16

Income and employment growth of the 12 cities (1993-2011)

Source: www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitor

17

The 12 local economies Amsterdam

Total number of passengers at the 12 cities’ principal airports (2011)

Sourcewww.caac.gov.cn/I1/K3/201203/P020120321570053265625.xls

www.caa.co.uk/default.aspx?catid=80&pagetype=88&pageid=3&sglid=3www.massport.com/logan-airport/about-

logan/Pages/LoganStatistics.aspx www.adv.aero/verkehrszahlen/archiv/statistiken-ivf-2011 www.acsa.co.za/home.asp?pid=137

Barcelona

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Amsterdam

Barcelona

Boston

Shenzhen

Zurich

Oslo

Brisbane

Manchester

Hamburg

Nanjing

Lyon

Cape Town

18

Boston

Brisbane’s

Cape Town

Percentage of metropolitan economy comprised of financial and business services (2011)

Note:


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45%

19

Hamburg

Lyon

La Part-Dieu

Manchester

Nanjing

Oslo

20

Shenzhen

Zurich

New growth strategies: What is new in the growth and jobs strategies of the cities?

What are the new growth strategies? Amsterdam’s

Humuslaag

Barcelona

21

Boston

Brisbane

Cape Town

Hamburg

22

Lyon

La Part-Dieu

Manchester

Nanjing

Oslo

Shenzhen

23

Zurich

Review of the growth strategies

Employment in new sectors

Specialised financial and professional services.

24

Life sciences.

Creative industries and media.

Software.

Tourism and business conferences.

Agriculture and gastronomy.

25

Clean technology.

Nautical.

Sustainable mobility.

Growth markets

26

Gro

wth

stra

tegy

ass

ets a

nd in

itiat

ive

Statu

s of s

trateg

yAs

sets

lever

aged

Key i

nitiat

ives

Amste

rdam

Seve

n sec

tor st

rateg

y cre

ated i

n 201

1 in

tande

m wi

th the

Ams

terda

m Ec

onom

ic Bo

ard

– Log

istics

expe

rienc

e ats

eapo

rt, gr

eenp

ort a

nd ai

rpor

t– N

ew ac

tor co

alitio

ns to

co-o

rdina

te an

d coll

ect fi

nanc

es fo

r key

pr

ojects

– Res

earch

insti

tute a

nd un

iversi

ty co

mmun

ities

–Inte

grati

on al

ong t

wo de

velop

ment

corri

dors:

the s

outhe

rn ai

rpor

t co

rrido

r and

a we

stern

logis

tics c

orrid

or th

at co

nnec

ts the

gree

npor

t– “

Hum

uslaa

g” –

dens

ificati

on of

rese

arch

netw

orks

to pr

ompt

innov

ation

– Five

new

secto

r-spe

cific

scien

ce pa

rks– C

onve

rt off

ice sp

ace t

o alte

rnati

ve us

ages

unde

r “ka

ntore

nlood

s” sc

heme

Barce

lona

Barce

lona C

reixe

men

t(Gr

owth)

30-p

oint

initia

tive,

comp

lemen

ts 20

11/12

EUR

1.4 bi

llion M

etrop

olitan

Acti

on P

lan

–Dive

rse sp

ecial

isms i

n des

ign, m

edia,

food

, biot

echn

ology

, en

ergy

and s

ustai

nable

mob

ility

– Gate

way p

ositio

n to t

he M

edite

rrane

an– C

limate

, qua

lity of

life

–Mec

hanis

ms to

foste

r a st

art-u

p cult

ure –

emplo

ymen

t mar

kets,

fin

ancin

g, sp

aces

, spr

ead o

f pos

itive e

ntrep

rene

urial

value

s– C

hina a

nd M

edite

rrane

an ou

treac

h stra

tegy r

ound

-table

– Lea

dersh

ip in

smar

t urb

anism

thro

ugh M

obile

Wor

ld Ca

pital

Bosto

nSe

t of in

itiativ

es le

d by t

he ci

ty of

Bosto

n an

d Bos

ton R

edev

elopm

ent A

uthor

ity

since

2010

–High

ly div

ersif

ied ec

onom

y– Y

outhf

ul an

d ver

y high

-skille

d wor

king p

opula

tion

–Ven

ture c

apita

l com

munit

y

– Inn

ovati

on D

istric

t– C

reate

Bos

ton, s

ingle

PoC

for se

ctor b

usine

sses

Brisb

ane

2031

Eco

nomi

c Dev

elopm

ent P

lan– M

ining

and e

nerg

y res

ource

s– P

roxim

ity to

Asia

-Pac

ific

–Attr

actio

n of b

usine

ss vi

sitor

s thr

ough

conv

entio

ns an

d cult

ural

even

ts– O

utrea

ch pr

ogra

mme t

o Chin

ese,

Japa

nese

and M

alays

ian re

sour

ce

firms

–Digi

tal ec

onom

y inv

estm

ent a

nd le

ader

ship

Cape

Tow

nEc

onom

ic De

velop

ment

Stra

tegy a

t city

lev

el. O

ne C

ape 2

040 i

ntegr

ates

prov

ince a

nd ce

ntral

city s

trateg

ies

–Afflu

ent c

onsu

mer b

ase

– Exp

erien

ce of

fore

ign m

arke

ts –M

aturity

of IC

T/ag

ribus

iness

secto

rs

– Metr

opoli

tan pu

blic t

rans

port

corri

dors

– Rad

ically

impr

ove t

he sk

ills ba

se

Hamb

urg

Visio

n Ham

burg

-Res

pons

ible G

rowt

h–S

ustai

nabil

ity ad

vanta

ges

– Enla

rged

cultu

ral d

iversi

ty–D

eep t

alent

base

–Clus

ter st

rateg

y in a

viatio

n, log

istics

, mar

itime,

rene

wable

ener

gy– U

pgra

de of

port

facilit

ies–S

ubsid

ised g

rowt

h of S

ME ec

onom

y

Manc

heste

rGr

eater

Man

ches

ter S

trateg

y, be

ing

revis

ed in

late

2012

– Univ

ersit

y exp

ertis

e in b

io-me

dical,

phar

ma, o

ncolo

gy– A

dvan

tageo

us su

pply

chain

posit

ion– M

ore u

nified

plan

ning r

egim

e

–Exp

and t

rade

links

–Ch

ina, In

dia, M

iddle

East

– Gro

w Ox

ford R

oad s

cienc

e cor

ridor

– E

mploy

er-le

d skil

ls pr

ogra

mmes

– Upg

rade

of ut

ilities

, digi

tal in

frastr

uctur

e and

hous

ing

Lyon

Devis

ed w

ith th

e Cha

mber

of C

omme

rce,

the U

niver

sity o

f Lyo

n and

othe

r bu

sines

s gro

ups

– You

ng te

chno

logica

lly gi

fted p

opula

tion

– Exp

erien

ced f

irms i

n key

secto

rs

–La P

art-D

ieuan

d Con

fluen

ce di

strict

s inv

estm

ent a

nd re

gene

ratio

n– B

IOAS

TER

institu

te of

techn

ologic

al re

sear

ch

– Ove

rhau

l of S

ME bu

sines

s sup

port

– Bus

iness

amba

ssad

ors t

o imp

rove

proje

ctive

powe

r of “

Only

Lyon

” ca

mpaig

n

27

Gro

wth

stra

tegy

ass

ets a

nd in

itiat

ive

cont

.

Statu

s of s

trateg

yAs

sets

lever

aged

Key i

nitiat

ives

Nanji

ngLiv

e bus

iness

deve

lopme

nt str

ategy

sin

ce 20

09

–Inte

grate

d ind

ustria

l stre

ngths

– Geo

grap

hic lo

catio

n and

prox

imity

to riv

er po

rt –F

avou

rable

tax c

ondit

ions

–Dive

rsify

econ

omy

– 321

Tale

nt Pl

an to

attra

ct 30

00 en

trepr

eneu

rial ta

lents

by 20

16–A

ttrac

t nati

onal

anch

or en

ginee

ring i

nstitu

tions

Oslo

No do

mina

nt str

ategy

name

, but

clear

cu

mulat

ive fo

cus

–Glob

al lea

dersh

ip in

mariti

me, e

nerg

y and

envir

onme

nt–B

usine

ss-fr

iendly

stab

ility a

nd w

orkfo

rce–W

orld-

class

clus

ter gr

oupin

gs, e

spec

ially

in on

colog

y–H

igh-sp

eed r

ail lin

ks w

ith G

othen

burg

and C

open

hage

n, 8m

city-

regio

n

Shen

zhen

Imple

mente

d thr

ough

Five

-Yea

r Plan

–Pro

ximity

to H

ong K

ong,

China

– High

inve

stmen

t cap

abilit

y– S

trong

desir

e of in

terna

tiona

l firm

s to e

nter m

ainlan

d Chin

ese

marke

t

– Qian

hai –

majo

r new

finan

cial z

one t

o link

with

Hon

g Kon

g,Ch

ina– D

rive i

ndus

try up

grad

es th

roug

h lar

ge ex

pans

ion of

high

er ed

ucati

on– U

SD 2

billio

n Cre

ative

Vall

ey pr

oject

to im

prov

e cult

ural

asse

ts

Zuric

hMe

tropo

litan i

nitiat

ives c

omple

ment

city

and c

anton

stra

tegies

such

as S

trateg

ienZu

rich2

025

–Cor

pora

te tax

of<2

2%– P

roxim

ity to

centr

al EU

– A

cces

s to s

ki, na

ture a

nd w

ater r

ecre

ation

– Stab

ility a

nd pr

oficie

ncy

– Eng

lish-

/Fre

nch-

/Ger

man-

spea

king w

orkfo

rce

– Com

pete

for in

terna

tiona

l hed

ge fu

nds o

n tax

and l

iveab

ility

– Inte

grate

clea

n tec

hnolo

gy cl

uster

colla

bora

tion

– Exp

and s

patia

l opp

ortun

ities f

or cr

eativ

e sec

tor

28

China.

Middle East.

Asia.

Knowledge regions.

Local growth sources.

Latin American

Russian

Turkish

29

New investment

Capital investment and corporate investment

Investment challenges

New public investment tools

30

New private investment tools

31

Inve

stm

ent t

ools

Publi

c inv

estm

ent to

olsPr

ivate

inves

tmen

t tools

and f

lows

Key k

nock

-on b

enefi

ts

Amste

rdam

–No m

ajor n

ew to

ols, fi

nanc

e of c

ore p

rojec

ts us

ing cr

eated

(mos

tly

natio

nal) r

eser

ves

– Priv

ate sm

art te

chno

logy r

esea

rch in

stitut

e to b

e bac

ked b

y EU

R 50

millio

n of p

ublic

mon

ey– E

UR 6

millio

nSch

olarsh

ip Fu

nd, 5

0% lo

cal g

over

nmen

t, to a

ttrac

t Ph

D-lev

el tal

ent

– EUR

10-1

5 milli

onLif

e Scie

nces

Fun

d to s

upply

inv

estm

ent c

apita

l to ea

rly-st

age b

iomed

ical fi

rms.

Back

ed by

majo

r ban

ks –

ABN

AMRO

, ING,

Rab

oban

k

– Imp

rove

d mob

ility w

ithin

south

ern c

orrid

or an

d betw

een

city c

entre

– Imp

rove

d tec

hnolo

gy tr

ansfe

r

Barce

lona

– Pla

Empe

nta –

city r

edire

cts E

UR 80

milli

onof

local

publi

c fun

ds

from

inves

tmen

t bud

get u

p to 2

016 i

n hou

sing s

pace

, to at

tract

EUR

300 m

illion

in pr

ivate

inves

tmen

t

–Bar

celon

a City

Pro

tocol

–cer

tifica

tion s

ystem

to

meas

ure u

rban

effic

iency

and q

uality

in pr

ivatel

y de

signe

d pub

lic se

rvice

s– T

ax-fr

ee zo

ne fo

r mob

ile te

chno

logy s

tart-u

ps in

22@

dis

trict

– Rea

ctiva

tion o

f hou

sing a

nd co

mmer

cial re

al es

tate

cons

tructi

on– I

mpro

ved d

elive

ry of

publi

c ser

vices

and s

mart

urba

nism

crede

ntials

Bosto

n– L

imite

d flex

ibility

to ra

ise fu

nds,

relie

s on s

tate g

over

nmen

t for

capit

al gr

ant fu

nding

for li

fe sc

ience

and t

rans

port

proje

cts

–Up t

o 20%

tax c

uts fo

r inve

stmen

ts int

o Inn

ovati

on

Distr

ict– M

assC

halle

nge U

SD 1

millio

nentr

epre

neur

co

mpeti

tion

–USD

1500

00loa

ns to

crea

tive s

tart-u

ps

– Inc

ubate

wor

ld-lea

ding b

usine

ss id

eas

– Inc

reas

e tax

reve

nue f

rom

corp

orate

occu

patio

n

Brisb

ane

– Acc

elera

ted sh

ared

city-

state-

feder

al fun

ding f

or ro

ad tu

nnels

, re

surfa

cing

–40-

45%

R&D

tax o

ffset

for m

ining

secto

r– T

hree

-year

mor

atoriu

m on

infra

struc

ture c

harg

es fo

r ho

tel de

velop

ers

– Inc

reas

e pre

senc

e of C

hines

e mini

ng R

&D fir

ms– S

olve s

horta

ge of

4/5 s

tar ho

tels

Cape

Tow

n– P

ool re

sour

ces a

t pro

vincia

l and

city

level

–Fro

m Re

d Tap

e to R

ed C

arpe

t – B

uildin

g upg

rade

cost

offse

t in ur

ban d

evelo

pmen

t zo

nes

– Ear

ly sta

ge su

ppor

t for s

mall b

usine

sses

– F

ast r

ejuve

natio

n of d

ereli

ct ar

eas

Hamb

urg

– City

’s ow

n ven

ture c

apita

lcom

pany

for S

MEs,

BTG

Hamb

urg,

supp

orts

comp

anies

’ equ

ity ba

se

–Emp

loyee

Qua

lifica

tion P

rogr

amme

, fund

s up t

o EU

R 3 0

00of

traini

ng pe

r emp

loyee

to pr

otect

at-ris

k job

s– P

ROFI

R&D

proje

ct su

ppor

t up t

o EUR

1 mi

llion

– Ham

burg

Inno

vatio

n Tru

st De

velop

men

t Pro

gram

me

supp

orts

high-

risk S

ME te

chno

logy p

rodu

cts

– Sup

port

for fr

agile

SME

jobs

in IC

T, lif

e scie

nces

and

trade

secto

rs

Manc

heste

r

–“Ci

ty De

al”to

earn

back

up to

GBP

30mi

llion a

year

natio

nal ta

x re

venu

es ge

nera

ted by

metr

opoli

tan in

frastr

uctur

e inv

estm

ent

– GBP

300 m

illion

Ever

gree

n Fun

dusin

g pen

sion f

und i

nves

tmen

ts– R

egion

al Gr

owth

Fund

attra

cts pu

blic-p

rivate

bid c

o-op

erati

on– G

BP1.2

billio

n metr

opoli

tan T

rans

port

Fund

borro

ws ag

ainst

futur

e inc

ome a

nd us

es te

mpor

ary i

ncre

ase i

n cou

ncil t

ax

– High

-tech

Ente

rpris

e Zon

e aro

und t

he ai

rpor

t, offe

ring

five-

year

busin

ess r

ate di

scou

nts an

d sim

plifie

d setu

p

– Imp

rove

d co-

oper

ation

with

centr

al go

vern

ment

over

tra

nspo

rt de

liver

y and

hous

ing– H

elp ar

eas t

rans

ition f

rom

publi

c sec

tor in

vestm

ent

depe

nden

ce– R

esur

rect

deve

lopme

nt su

rroun

ding t

he ai

rpor

t

32

Inve

stm

ent t

ools

con

t.

Publi

c inv

estm

ent to

olsPr

ivate

inves

tmen

t tools

and f

lows

Key k

nock

-on b

enefi

ts

Lyon

– City

chief

finan

cer o

f City

of E

ntrep

rene

ursh

ip Pr

ogra

mme a

nd

mento

r sup

port

netw

ork

– Com

petiti

on fo

r EUR

35 bi

llion n

ation

al sc

heme

“Futu

re

Inves

tmen

ts” fo

r fun

ds in

educ

ation

, tech

nolog

y tra

nsfer

, digi

tal

indus

tries

–Boo

stInL

yon s

tart-u

p acc

elera

tor,s

uppo

rts 10

-12 w

eb

and c

reati

ve st

art-u

ps a

year

– E

UR 90

milli

onof

publi

c and

priva

te inv

estm

ent in

BI

OAST

ER m

icrob

iolog

y ins

titute.

70%

priva

te pa

rtner

-fund

ed– 6

5% pr

ivate

inves

tmen

t in Ly

on C

onflu

ence

de

velop

ment

– Elim

inate

barri

ers t

o entr

epre

neur

ship,

grow

netw

orks

– U

pdate

of fir

ms’ te

chno

logica

l cap

abilit

y

Nanji

ng– R

e-or

ganis

ation

of st

ate-o

wned

enter

prise

s to i

mpro

ve ef

ficien

cy

oflar

ge-sc

ale ho

using

and t

rans

port

proje

cts

–50:5

0 pub

lic-p

rivate

Isra

eli pa

rtner

ship

EUR

25mi

llion

joint

healt

hcar

e tec

hnolo

gy fu

nd

– Scie

nce a

nd te

chno

logy E

ntrep

rene

ursh

ip Zo

ne fo

r 3 0

00 ta

lents

– Per

sona

l fina

ncial

ince

ntive

s of E

UR 12

0000

– 50%

loan

inter

est o

ffset

for sm

all fir

m inc

ubati

on an

d tes

t pha

sing

– Entr

epre

neur

ialise

centr

alise

d sec

tors

– Ide

as an

d inn

ovati

on im

petus

to m

ake p

rogr

ess i

n em

ergin

g ind

ustrie

s

Oslo

–Oslo

Pac

kage

3 –t

oll fa

re in

creas

e whic

h will

fund r

oad t

unne

l mo

dern

isatio

n, me

tro re

newa

l and

light-

rail t

ermi

nals

– Pro

pose

d EUR

100 m

illion

state

fund f

or in

vestm

ents

in en

trepr

eneu

rship,

healt

hcar

e and

life s

cienc

e star

t-ups

–Kno

wled

ge P

artne

rship

fundin

g sup

port

for m

embe

r ins

titutio

ns– N

ation

al R&

D tax

cred

it pro

gram

me S

katte

FUNN

,high

ly re

distrib

utive

– Sup

ports

over

all in

frastr

uctur

e and

clus

ter pr

ioritie

s

Shen

zhen

– Loc

al go

vern

ment

finan

cing v

ehicl

e for

publi

c wor

ks. C

ompa

nies

raise

capit

al by

lend

ing an

d iss

uing b

onds

. City

trea

sury

injec

ts ad

dition

al fun

ds/co

llater

al as

need

ed.

– 3-5

year

bond

tran

ches

as a

chec

k on l

ocal

gove

rnme

nt de

bt

–Cre

ation

of co

astal

deve

lopme

nt zo

nes,

with

simpli

fied

tax sy

stem,

matu

re su

pervi

sion.

Infra

struc

ture f

unde

d by

bank

loan

s and

reve

nue f

rom

land-

use r

ights.

– R

eloca

tion s

ubsid

ies fo

r IT

firms,

and i

ncen

tives

for I

T en

trepr

eneu

rs

– Dim

inish

ed ris

k for

tran

spor

t infra

struc

ture p

rojec

ts– A

ttrac

tion o

f Hon

g Kon

g, Ch

inaba

nks,

telec

om an

d he

althc

are f

irms t

o set

up in

Qian

hai

– Inc

reas

ed co

ntribu

tion o

f ICT

to GD

P

Zuric

h

–Rail

Infra

struc

ture F

und t

o inte

grate

fund

ing go

vern

ance

and w

aive

inter

est o

n the

debt

finan

cing u

p to 2

030,

to ra

ise up

to

CHF

2.5 bi

llion

– New

agre

emen

ts to

shar

e can

ton in

vestm

ent in

bus,

rail a

nd

cycli

ng

–Can

tonal

Lotte

ry Fu

nd fo

r cult

ural

proje

cts an

d stud

ent h

ousin

g

– Cor

pora

te tax

of 21

% (Z

urich

), 18

% (Z

ug) a

nd 12

%

(Pfäf

fikon

)– W

ealth

tax <

1%– 5

0% ta

x red

uctio

n for

some

entre

pren

eurs

– Main

tenan

ce of

stro

ng fr

amew

ork c

ondit

ions f

or

corp

orati

ons t

o inv

est

– Imp

rove

d art,

perfo

rman

ce an

d con

venti

on

infra

struc

ture

33

New leadership approaches and better local development systems

Organising Local Economic Development: The Role of Development Agencies and Companies

How are cities and business organising differently?

34

35

Local developments systems

New development system bodies Key developments/impact

Amsterdam

– New Amsterdam Metropolitan Area 27-authority partnership

– Private sector-led Amsterdam Economic Board offers holistic strategic direction

– Schiphol region development agencies

– Unified voice that can speak to national government over investment issues

– More focused understanding of opportunities and investment needs in key sectors

– Improved international marketing of airport region’s potential

Barcelona– Establishment of Barcelona Metropolitan Area

in 2011, with responsibilities over economic promotion and planning

– Working groups have come together to develop concrete initiatives

– Enhanced support for entrepreneurs from Barcelona Actica

– English-language adaptation

Boston – Boston Business Hub– Boston World Partnerships

– Regularised business leadership– Overhaul in treatment of small businesses

Brisbane – Strengthening role for Brisbane Marketing – Improved Brisbane-Queensland collaboration

Cape Town – Economic Development Partnership with122 regional organisation members

– New spaces created for dialogue, experimentation, prototyping and innovation

Hamburg – HMG consolidates public marketing, tourism and business development bodies under one aegis

– Unified metropolitan expression on sector development– Greater cluster management engagement with

business community

Manchester– New Greater Manchester Combined Authority

(GCMA) since 2011– Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP)

– GCMA has scope over unified labour market– Institutionalised business leadership input into skills

and innovation strategy– Streamlined agencies with more ambition in new

sectors and markets

Lyon

– Incorporation of St. Etienne and Vienne into metropolitan governance orbit

– 18 higher education institutions brought under “Université de Lyon” banner, resulting in Lyon Cité Campus project

– More purposeful innovation clustering and metropolitan transport planning

– Re-arrangement of HEIs, research bodies, businesses and private institutions in close mutual proximity

Nanjing – First regional planning strategy among seven cities in 2012

– Reduction of regional duplication and destructive competition

Oslo

– Oslo Teknopol development agency, leads collaboration between business and higher education

– Knowledge Oslo

– More self-conscious research and higher education agenda and leadership

Shenzhen– Public-private Shenzhen Science Innovation

Commission to co-ordinate strategies in software, green technology, cloud computing and medical equipment

– More networked and collaborative governance to improve skills and find new customers internationally

– Stronger mechanisms to gauge business sentiment and implement fast-track policy solutions to reassure the business community

Zurich

– Metropolitan Area Association since 2009, involves eight cantons and municipalities

– Biannual Metropolitan Conference brings together key stakeholders

– New regional responsibilities for innovation economy, traffic, social cohesion

– Address fragmented decision making – platform for networking and information exchange to create regional mindset

36

How is leadership expressing itself on these agendas?

Can-do pragmatism

modus operandi

Communication of the values of openness and population attraction

Sincere engagement with, and learning from, the private sector

37

Vigorous commitment to sound fiscal platform

Long-term, multi-cycle approach

Summary and recommendations

National and inter-governmental roles

What is needed?

38

Nat

iona

l/sup

rana

tiona

l inv

estm

ents

and

impa

cts

Main

natio

nal/s

upra

-nati

onal

level

inves

tmen

tsW

hat h

as ch

ange

d sinc

e the

crisi

s?Ec

onom

ic an

d gro

wth b

enefi

ts

Amste

rdam

–EUR

1.4bil

lion u

pgra

de of

Zuid

as bu

sines

s dist

rict tr

ansp

ort c

onne

ctivit

y, 70

%

natio

nally

fund

ed– E

urop

ean I

nves

tmen

t Ban

k ong

oing l

oans

for S

chiph

ol up

grad

es

– Com

mitm

ent to

core

proje

cts, e

spec

ially

logist

ics an

d tra

nspo

rt-re

lated

– Mor

e bala

nced

polyc

entric

regio

n with

rene

wed

grow

th alo

ng de

signa

ted co

rrido

rs

Barce

lona

– Help

edde

velop

a tax

-free

zone

for e

ntrep

rene

urs i

n the

mob

ile te

chno

logies

secto

r in

the 22

@ In

nova

tion D

istric

t–E

merg

ency

debt-

relie

f fina

ncing

supp

ort, a

t the

expe

nse o

f cult

ural

amen

ities a

nd

infra

struc

ture p

rojec

ts– I

mpro

ved e

cono

mic s

tabilit

y

Bosto

n–U

SD20

0milli

onca

pital

gran

t stat

e-lev

el fun

ding f

or ke

y roa

d wor

ks ar

ound

Inn

ovati

on D

istric

t–H

ealth

secto

r/hos

pital

rese

arch

fund

ing

– Gro

wing

amou

nt of

state

aid fr

om

Mass

achu

setts

– Mor

e coh

esive

life s

cienc

es cl

uster

Brisb

ane

– Sha

red f

undin

g for

road

infra

struc

ture a

nd A

UD60

0 milli

onSu

prem

e Cou

rt bu

ilding

–Stat

e gov

ernm

ent m

ore a

ttune

d to c

ity ne

eds

– Inc

reme

ntal d

evolu

tion o

f plan

ning a

nd

touris

m po

wers

– Gre

ater c

apac

ity to

man

age u

rban

spra

wl

Cape

Tow

n– T

rans

port

infra

struc

ture g

rant

of EU

R30

0 milli

onto

cove

r 75%

of M

yCiTi

rapid

bus

trans

it pro

ject

– Wor

ld Ba

nk in

vestm

ent in

wind

and p

hotov

oltaic

secto

r

–Dele

gatio

n of g

reate

r tra

nspo

rt an

d hou

sing

powe

rs– S

harin

g 23%

natio

nal fu

el tax

with

loca

l go

vern

ment

to re

place

coun

cil le

vies

– Alig

nmen

t with

city’

s job

crea

tion a

gend

a– M

ore r

espo

nsive

ness

arou

nd se

ctor a

nd

comp

etitiv

enes

s iss

ues

Hamb

urg

–Key

bene

ficiar

y of F

eder

al Ec

onom

ic St

imulu

s Pac

kage

, for e

-mob

ility a

nd

unive

rsitie

s– E

UR 67

2 milli

onof

Euro

pean

Inve

stmen

t Ban

kloa

ns fr

om 20

07-2

011,

includ

ing in

SM

E fin

ancin

g– E

UR 40

milli

onof

feder

al fun

ds fo

r avia

tion c

luster

from

the M

inistr

y of E

duca

tion

and R

esea

rch

– Rec

ognit

ion of

clus

ter co

mpeti

tiven

ess t

o co

mplem

ent in

frastr

uctur

e sup

port

– Mor

e inte

grate

d aca

demi

c-ind

ustry

links

– Imp

rove

d high

-tech

nolog

y infr

astru

cture

Manc

heste

r

–GBP

560m

illion

North

ern H

ub ra

il inv

estm

ent

– Sup

port

for G

BP13

0milli

onra

il link

s with

Nor

thEn

gland

– GBP

32.5

millio

nfor

susta

inable

trav

el pr

ojects

– GBP

25 m

illion

Grow

ing P

laces

Fun

d allo

catio

n for

key h

ousin

g and

Ente

rpris

e Zon

e inf

rastr

uctur

e– N

omina

ted a

supe

r-con

necte

d city

, awa

rded

up to

GBP

12 m

illion

from

Urba

n Br

oadb

and F

und

– Mor

e com

petiti

on fo

r fun

ding b

ased

on

econ

omic

case

. City

begin

ning t

o be m

ore

succ

essfu

l in bi

ds.

– Imp

rove

d com

muter

acce

ssibi

lity, lo

wer

cong

estio

n cos

ts, ta

lent p

ool e

xpan

sion

Lyon

–Gap

fund

ing fo

r key

deve

lopme

nt pr

ojects

–su

ch as

new

footba

ll stad

ium an

d Tur

in ra

il link

–Sup

port

for Ly

on bi

otech

nolog

y clus

ter

– Mor

e tar

geted

fund

ing fo

r a ha

ndful

of gr

owth

secto

rs– W

orld-

class

rese

arch

facil

ities

– Mor

e job

s link

s with

Italia

n firm

s

Nanji

ng–R

MB68

billio

n (US

D10

.7bil

lion)

inve

sted i

n urb

an co

nstru

ction

in 20

12–M

ore n

ation

al su

ppor

t for s

oftwa

re am

bition

s–S

trong

inve

stmen

t auto

nomy

39

Nat

iona

l/sup

rana

tiona

l inv

estm

ents

and

impa

cts

cont

.

Main

natio

nal/s

upra

-nati

onal

level

inves

tmen

tsW

hat h

as ch

ange

d sinc

e the

crisi

s?Ec

onom

ic an

d gro

wth b

enefi

ts

Oslo

–Dev

elopm

ent o

f Inno

vatio

n Nor

way,

which

co-o

pera

tes w

ith th

e priv

ate ca

pital

marke

t to

facilit

ate in

nova

tion

–Pre

para

tion o

f SME

s for

inter

natio

nal

comp

etitio

n–M

ore s

uppo

rtive a

gend

a aro

und e

xpor

ts an

d glo

bal g

rowt

h

Shen

zhen

– Infr

astru

cture

stim

ulus p

acka

ge in

cludin

g metr

o, hig

h-sp

eed r

ail an

dairp

ort

inves

tmen

t

–Rec

ognit

ion of

func

tiona

l eco

nomi

c reg

ion

size o

f Gua

ngdo

ng pr

ovinc

e– P

ermi

tted c

reati

on of

joint

ventu

res

– Reg

ulator

y rela

xatio

n in Q

ianha

i Zon

e

– Imp

rove

d ind

epen

dent

inves

tmen

t cap

abilit

y, ab

ility t

o brid

ge ga

p on l

arge

publi

c wor

ks

proje

cts

Zuric

h

–Fed

eral

Institu

te of

Tech

nolog

y’s H

öngg

erbe

rg “S

cienc

e City

” cam

pus –

EUR

330 m

illion

over

ten y

ears

– Sup

port

for si

x kilo

metre

sund

ergr

ound

cros

s-city

link,

Durch

mes

serlin

ie. In

tand

em

with

canto

n– D

elays

to B

rütte

ner T

unne

l and

the Z

imme

rber

g Bas

e Tun

nel b

ecau

se of

a lac

k of

feder

al go

vern

ment

funds

– Dea

dlock

over

fund

ing ch

anne

ls an

d ar

rang

emen

ts for

key i

nfras

tructu

re pr

ojects

– Imp

ortan

t cro

ss-b

orde

r mob

ility

enha

ncem

ents

– e.g.

Limm

at Va

lley

40

Local business climate and stable framework conditions

Rationalisation of complex policies and programmes into simple-to-pursue frameworks.

National level transport infrastructure investment

Initial investment in niche higher education facilities

Recognition of practical economic geographies

Facilitating the expansion of the private rented housing sector

The development of an evidence-based and trend-based rather than politicised approach to local economies

41

much greater capacity for autonomous decision making

Future priorities

Priority project, initiative and outlook needsAmsterdam – Facilitate a big expansion of the private rented sector

Barcelona – Incremental delegation of tax management powers to manage infrastructure and innovation – Visa regime conducive to large international student economy

Boston – Improve climate for international students to arrive and be retained upon graduation

Brisbane – Upgraded tax incentives for resource sector– International student regulation

Cape Town– More focused national policy leadership and vision for R&D, especially vis-à-vis the clean technology sector

(e.g. REFIT pricing regulation)– Business climate signals and assurances – e.g. macroeconomic policy, transparency

Hamburg – National infrastructure funding support for waterways, railways and motorways– Improved wind sector incentives

Manchester – Investment in high-speed broadband across the whole region, and improved mobile infrastructure along key transport corridors

Lyon – Funding and prompt finalisation of the Lyon-Turin tunnel rail linkNanjing – Provide more distinctive message about Nanjing’s higher education offer and entrepreneurial potential

Oslo– High-speed rail commitment to link with Stavanger and Berge– Infrastructure to match spatial cluster needs– Less political volatility at national level over investment

Shenzhen – Swift completion of high-speed rail projects in the Greater Pearl River Delta – to Guangzhou/Macau – and also to Beijing and Shanghai

Zurich– Gap funding for major rail and road tunnel projects – e.g. Zurich northern ring– Long-term financing for training programmes in cardiology and other medical skills– More favourable federal investments into quality of life and regional efficiency

tax incentives in emerging sectors with job creation potential

42

How is private sector getting involved as investor, employer, innovator?

New investment in infrastructure and real estate

Strategic partnership and local business leadership

Boston World Partnerships

43

The West Cape Economic Development Partnership

The Amsterdam Economic Board

44

Good practice at gradually improving mechanisms for private sector involvement in economic developments

Priority project, initiative and outlook needs

Amsterdam

– American investment leads in ICT, creative industries and finance

– Twice as many Chinese companies investing since 2007

– Strong, growing Japanese logistics presence around airport

Barcelona

– France, Netherlands and United States are key sources

– Multinational investment in software, chemicals, imaging, ICT, automotive, mobile applications, agrifood

– Substantial EUR 500 million Hong Kong, China investment in port expansion

– Grasp of Barcelona’s potential as a gateway to Mediterranean markets, because of its port

Boston

– Very large developer investment in Innovation District real estate

– Influx of European life science firm investment, alongside beneficial distribution of federal health funds

– Investment in Harvard Business School from Tata Group

– Funding more school tuition in tandem with public sector

– Investment in summer internship scheme to improve post-school skills

Brisbane

– Foreign and institutional investment mostly active in quality central property assets

– Institutional investors engaged in PPPs for toll road projects

– Firms seeking direct exposure to the thriving Queensland economy

Cape Town

– Banks leading funders and guide central city overhaul– Expansion of business district and regeneration

of keynote areas– Convention Centre precinct EUR 500 million,

private-led

– Surge of investment in wind/photovoltaic sectors– Small but growing interest from Saudi Arabia

and Singapore– Growing role of banking industry

Hamburg

– Logistics and industrial firms traditional big investors– High volumes of office take-up and new office building

projects – Open-ended real estate funds very active

– Increase in private house-building– More Korean and Japanese investment in

advanced energy and shipping industries

Manchester

– Reliance on expanding US firms, also German and Italian. Most investment in ICT, life sciences, advanced manufacturing

– Abu Dhabi Investment Authority

– Recognition that Manchester is a cheaper and viable location for national and European headquarters

Lyon– French biotechnology firms heavily active– Fast growing SME setup in online

business/e-commerce

– Established technology firms show more support for SME and start-up community

Nanjing – Most foreign investment through economic and technology development zone

– Investment higher up the value chain in software and service outsourcing

Oslo – Investment in cultural flagship projects– Surrounding niche financial services

– Large real estate investment influx due to stability and low debt

Shenzhen

– Japanese investment in retail, electronics– Large interest from multinational in fully-furnished

business-equipped office centres– Hong Kong, China and global financial firm interest

in Qianhai

– Boom in foreign investment in real estate, vehicles and infrastructure

– Recognition from finance and business services firms of Qianhai zone’s likely regulatory advantages

Zurich

– Swisscom CHF 300 million investment in fibre-optic network

– Local investment from headquarter institutions – e.g. FIFA

– More partnered investment in cultural institutions

45

What is needed?

46

47

References

www.acsa.co.za/home.asp?pid=137. www.adv.aero/verkehrszahlen/archiv/statistiken-ivf-

2011. www.brookings.edu/research/inter

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The Recession and Beyond: Local and Regional Responses to the Downturn

Organising Local Economic Development: The Role of Development Agencies and Companies

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Subnational Public Finance in the European Unionwww.ccre.org/en/communiques/view/338

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00/final-edp-prospectus-lo-res-web.pdf

49

Part II

Case studies

51

Amsterdam Metropolitan Area

Statistical comparison Metro population

(millions)Metro size

(thousands km²) Metro GDP total(billions USD)

Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)

Employment growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)

2.1 1.8 90 143* (high) 124* (medium)

Note:


Economic history and economic change: Investment and strategy implications

Current economic governance

52

Current investment flows

53

Impact of crisis

54

Growth strategy

Humuslaag

Investment strategy and tools

55

Implementation arrangements

kantorenloods

56

57

Role of national and inter-governmental bodies

58

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www.amsterdam.nl/@526769/pagina.

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www.iamsterdam.com/Quality%20of%20life%20important%20for%20companies

International Planning Studieswww.lsfamsterdam.nl/index.html

www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2012/04/19/amsterdam-streeft-naar-oprichting-derde-universiteit

www.schiphol.nl/SchipholGroup/NewsMedia/PressreleaseItem/EIBToProvideEUR350mForSchipholsInnovativeBaggageSystemProgramme.htm.

Aerlines Magazine www.aerlines.nl/index.php/2008/development-of-airport-regions-varieties-of-institutions-in-schiphol-and-frankfurt

59

Barcelona

Statistical comparison

Metro population (millions)

Metro size(thousands km²)

Metro GDP total(billions USD)

Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


5.4 1.8 162 133 (medium) 141 (high)



60


61

Barcelona Creixement

Turismo de la Barcelona


62

Distribution of foreign companies in Catalonia in 2010 and change since 2006, by country of origin

Source:www.barcelonaeconomictriangle.cat/b/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/foreign-investment-BCN_EN.pdf

L’Hospitalet de Llobregat

-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Sweden

Japan

Switzerland

Belgium and Luxembourg

United Kingdom

Netherlands

Italy

United States

Germany

France

Number of companies

Total companies in 2010 Change (+/-) between 2006 and 2010

63

a new

Impact of crisis

64

Growth strategy

Barcelona Creixement

65

66


Support for SMEs and entrepreneurs

Office of Attention to Enterprises (OAE).

New tax-free zone.

Investment forums.

Deepened co-operation with the private sector over urban services and development

67

Attracting and retaining investment through promotion


Professionalisation of public services and private sector competence

68

Building inter-urban ties and an international business brand

Acceleration of housing development and core infrastructure upgrades

69

Pla Empenta

Passeig de Gràcia


vis-a-vis

70

Sources

www.acc10.cat/offices/shanghai/en/news/news_detail.jsp?id=tcm:213-143308&int=true&title=Invest+in+Catalonia+secured+27+new+investment+projects+in+the+first+half+of+2012

www.acc10.cat/offices/shanghai/en/news/news_detail.jsp?id=tcm:213-143287&int=true&title=A3+Software+to+invest+%E2%82%AC40m+in+Barcelona+based+European+project+

www.acc10.cat/offices/berlin/en/news/news_detail.jsp?id=tcm:213-96221&int=true&title=Duscholux+chooses+Barcelona+as+launch+pad+for+Latin+American+expansion+

www.acc10.cat/offices/newyork/en/news/news_detail.jsp?id=tcm:213-141712&int=true&title=Ricoh+puts+%E2%82%AC2+million+into+Barcelona+service+centre+.

www.acc10.cat/offices/siliconvalley/en/news/news_detail.jsp?id=tcm:213-138457&int=true&title=US+multinational+Tech+Data+gets+Barcelona+operations+base+underway+with+400+new+workers+

w42.bcn.cat/web/en/noticies-i-premsa/noticies/actives/Entrepreneurial-activity-in-Barcelona-grew-in-2011-and-marked-a-turning-point-with-respect-to-previous-years.jsp

w3.bcn.cat/fitxers/premsa/exporta.143.pdf.

www.barcelonaeconomictriangle.cat/b/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/foreign-investment-BCN_EN.pdf

w3.bcn.cat/V01/Serveis/Noticies/V01NoticiesLlistatNoticiesCtl/0,2138,1653_1802_3_1811883712,00.html?accio=detall&home=HomeBCN

w3.bcn.es/V01/Serveis/Noticies/V01NoticiesLlistatNoticiesCtl/0,2138,1653_35144087_3_1825101379,00.html?accio=detall&home=HomeBCN&nomtipusMCM=Noticia

71

w42.bcn.cat/web/en/noticies-i-premsa/noticies/actives/Barcelona-will-be-the-world-capital-of-the-electric-vehicle-in-2013.jsp

w3.bcn.cat/V01/Serveis/Noticies/V01NoticiesLlistatNoticiesCtl/0,2138,1653_1802_3_1809836865,00.html?accio=detall&home=HomeBCN

w3.bcn.es/V01/Serveis/Noticies/V01NoticiesLlistatNoticiesCtl/0,2138,1653_35144087_3_1861763627,00.html?accio=detall&home=HomeBCN&nomtipusMCM=Noticia.

www.gsma.com/connectedliving/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/8-Juanma-Barrionuevo-MWCB-Setting-up-a-new-generation-mobile-smart-city.pdf.


www.businesscitymagazine.com/interview-with-xavier-trias-mayor-of-barcelona

www.catalannewsagency.com/news/business/fujitsu-invests-%E2%82%AC12-million-its-european-sales-centre-based-barcelona

http://newsroom.mastercard.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/MasterCard_Global_Destination_Cities_Index_2012.pdf

www.interempresas.net/Offices/Articles/52322-BZ-Barcelona-area-innovation-the-new-scientific-and-technological-park-of-Barcelona.html

www.iccaworld.com

www2.lse.ac.uk/europeanInstitute/research/catalanObservatory/documents/pdf/Crisi-and-Local-Gvt/Presentacio-LSE---JLlimona.pdf

www.catalannewsagency.com/news/business/xavier-trias-completes-successful-visit-china-promote-investment-barcelona

http://mobileworldcapital.com/the-taiwan-firm-toro-chooses-the-mobile-world-capital-to-set-up-its-european-headquarters

http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/07/27/idUKWLA107320120727

73

Boston





Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


4.6 12.1 296 158 (high) 116 (low)

Source: www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitorwww.mckinseyquarterly.com/Cities_the_next_frontier_for_global_growth_2758


74


75


76

Impact of crisis

Growth strategy

77

Create Boston

Innovation District


78

79


80

81


82

Sources

www.bostonpublicschools.org/news/school-committee-approves-superintendent%E2%80%99s-budget-plan-next-school-year

Insightwww.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/PDF/ResearchPublications//IS-06-2.pdf

www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/pdf/documents/CITY%20OF%20BOSTON-Boston%20Invests.pdf

The Boston Economy in 2010.

www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/pdf/documents/Budgets%20for%20BRA%202010.pdf

www.bostonredevelopmentauthoritynews.org/2012/07/19/mayor-menino-celebrates-fan-pier-topping

www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/EconDev/LifeSciences.asp

www.bostonredevelopmentauthoritynews.org/2012/07/24/mayor-menino-announces-over-13-million-in-infrastructure-investments-to-downtown-boston

www.bostonredevelopmentauthoritynews.org/2012/04/12/mayor-menino-announces-new-projects-moving-forward-2

Boston Globe www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/01/30/survey-finds-boston-lags-behind-new-york-internet-based-business/aMHGc4ROrKtl6dePR7FxYP/story.html


http://aei.org/outlook/education/k-12/accountability/pieces-of-the-puzzle-factors-in-improving-achievement-of-urban-school-districts

www.cityofboston.gov/news/default.aspx?id=5684

www.cityofboston.gov/business

83

www.cityofboston.gov/news/default.aspx?id=5671

www.cityofboston.gov/dnd/obd/Boston_Invests_in_Growth.asp

www.createboston.com

The Atlantic Cities www.theatlanticcities.com/jobs-and-economy/2012/08/americas-leading-high-tech-venture-capital-centers/3058

Boston Globewww.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/04/24/johnson-family-wins-chamber-honor/hNK24ZvJwmYb87AgI5K4mI/story.html.

Boston Globewww.boston.com/business/technology/innoeco/2010/07/new_funding_for_boston_world_p.html

www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Cities_the_next_frontier_for_global_growth_2758

Boston Globehttp://articles.boston.com/2012-03-06/opinion/31124338_1_middle-class-neighborhood-government-center

Boston: A Leader in NIH Awards for 17 Consecutive Years www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/PDF/ResearchPublications//NIH2012FinalReport.pdf

Huffington Post www.huffingtonpost.com/thomas-m-menino/boston-innovation_b_1624226.html

Boston Globe www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/07/10/true-cost-big-dig-exceeds-billion-with-interest-officials-determine/oH6CxRERYmWYMzIMs12Z8J/story.html

Boston Globewww.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2007/03/03/mayor_crafts_effort_to

_bring_jobs_to_boston

Boston Globehttp://articles.boston.com/2012-06-14/metro/32216019_1_science-center-life-sciences-harvard-officials

Boston Globewww.bostonglobe.com/business/2011/11/17/another-wave-apartment-

construction-hit-boston/j3SB0e6bY0dFFiybYweHIL/story.html

Boston Globewww.bostonglobe.com/business/2011/11/05/islands-economic-growth/pWasB2pro8TSnXveZoVULM/story.html

84

Boston Globe www.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/06/11/state-street-corp-get-tax-break-for-waterfront-building/Ukt5GfxFnQhzvjaxliRepN/story.html

Boston Globehttp://articles.boston.com/2012-03-27/business/31240561_1_companies-office-buildings-office-space

Boston Globewww.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2011/03/28/census_figures_show_slow_population_growth_in_boston_metro_area

http://articles.boston.com/2012-05-29/technology/31885301_1_promising-start-ups-finalists-funding

Boston Globewww.bostonglobe.com/business/2012/06/16/europe-biotech-firms-flocking-bay-state/OvE3RfwCgMvMsU47Ae6fiI/story.html

Boston Globe www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/06/13/massachusetts-life-sciences-initiative-brings-fewer-jobs-than-expected/GLERSTY8ZpoKStz1aivLDJ/story.html

Boston Globehttp://articles.boston.com/2012-02-08/metro/31034257_1_arts-education-

wallace-foundation-city-schools

85

Brisbane





Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


2.5 6 87 152 (high) 168 (high)



86


87


88

Impact of crisis

Growth strategy

Economic Development Plan

become a world city

The attraction of more business visitors.

The expansion of firms from the international resource industry.

89

Brisbane’s economic strategy wheel (2012)

Source 2012-2031 Brisbane Economic Development Planwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au/downloads/about_council/governance_strategy/economic_development_plan_2012-2031_summary.pdf


90


Attracting talent, especially from the Asia-Pacific region.

91

Greater national and international air connectivity.

Preservation of affordability.

A new EUR 40 million branding strategy.

Road infrastructure improvements.

Appointment of a Chief Digital Officer.

92


93

Sources

International Journal of Urban and Regional Research

The Australianwww.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/state-politics/city-debt-soars-on-road-plans/story-e6frgczx-1226403576108

www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/2010%20Library/2009%20PDF%20and%20Docs/2.%20Planning%20and%20Building/2.7%20After%20development%20approval/infrastructure_charges_moratorium_2012.pdf

Lord Mayor’s Brisbane Economic Snapshotwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au/downloads/about_council/governance_strategy/economic_development_snapshot_july_2012.pdf

2012-2031 Brisbane Economic Development Planwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au/downloads/about_council/governance_strategy/economic_development_plan_2012-2031_summary.pdf

The Lord Mayor’s Budget Speech,www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/downloads/about_council/council_information_rates/news_publications/budget_lm_speech_2012-13.pdf

www.investbrisbane.com.au/Corporate/Media/News/2012/6/R,-a-,D%20Tax%20Incentive%20-%20Impact%20on%20the%20Mining%20Sector

Who We Are – What We Dowww.brisbanemarketing.com.au/Resources/~/media/Corporate/Documents/Common/Corp_Vision.ashx

www.investbrisbane.com.au/pages/Industry%20sectors/~/media/Corporate/Documents/Invest/Invest%20Fact%20Sheets/Infrastructure-Fact-Sheet.ashx

www.brisbanetimes.com.au/business/mining-and-resources/bhp-warns-of-job-cuts-at-coal-mines-20120816-24a8k.html#ixzz25uMe4mv5


www.colliers.com.au/General/institutionalsales/Capital_Transactions_Reports/Brisbane.aspx

www.colliers.com.au/Services/Capital_Markets/~/media/Files/Corporate/Research/International%20Property%20Reports/Colliers%20International%20Global%20Capital%20Investment%20-%202H%202012.ashx

94

Brisbane Times www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/council-backs-maroons-in-new-marketing-strategy-20120625-20xt9.html.

Brisbane Timeswww.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/brisbane-rates-to-rise-a-dollar-a-week-20120620-20n1y.html

Urban Policy and Research

www.btp.net.au/243/section.aspx/category/9/catalog/72/page/1998

www.couriermail.com.au/questnews/central/plan-to-take-advantage-of-global-expansion/story-fn8m0qb4-1226270592523

Australian Cities Accounts: 2010-11 Estimateswww.sgsep.com.au/files/GDP_by_Major_Capital_City.pdf

95

Cape Town





Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


3.6 2.5 30 112 (low) 118 (low)



96


97

Economic Development Partnership

Model for organising economic co-operation enacted through Cape Town’sEconomic Development Partnership

Sourcewww.capetownpartnership.co.za/economic-development-partnership-edp-launched-

in-cape-town

98

One Cape 2040.

The six transitions of the One Cape 2040 Agenda

Transition theme Foundation and aspirational goalsEducating Cape Every person will be appropriately educated for opportunities.

Centres of ecological, creative, science and social innovation. Enterprising Cape Anyone who wants to be economically active is able to work.

Entrepreneurial destinations of choice. Green Cape Water, energy and waste services delivered sustainably.

Leader in green economy. Connecting Cape Welcoming, inclusive and integrated communities.

Global meeting place and connector with new markets. Living Cape Liveable, accessible, high-opportunity neighbourhoods and towns.

Ranked as one of the greatest places to live in the world. Leading Cape Ambitious, socially responsible leadership at all levels.

World-class institutions.

Source: Annual General Meeting www.acceleratecapetown.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/AGM-presentation-30-August-2012.pdf

Employment Works Programme.

Economic Data Synergy Project.

99

Provincial Competitiveness Index.

Regional Innovation System.

Leadership and Partnership Programme.


100

FDI investment and projects in Western Cape by sector (January 2009-December 2010)

Source:

Impact of crisis

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Renewable energy

Communications

Hotels and tourism

Warehousing and storage

Healthcare

Software and IT services

Business services

Financial services

Consumer products

Food and tobacco

Electronic components

Pharmaceuticals

% Capex % projects

101

Growth strategy

Heavy industries.

Light industries.

Design.

Urban.

Coastal.

102


103


Efficient allocation of infrastructure.

A fair and efficient regulatory environment to nurture small businesses.

104


105

106

Sources

Annual General Meetingwww.acceleratecapetown.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/AGM-presentation-30-August-2012.pdf

www.andrewboraine.com/2011/08/going-up-cape-towns-tallest-building-since-1993-represents-more-than-a-property-development

www.andrewboraine.com/2011/06/look-east-for-innovation-thats-cape-towns-east-city

www.capetownpartnership.co.za/economic-development-partnership-edp-launched-in-cape-town.


www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2012/7/WCER-2012Q2.pdf

http://capetownchamber.com/the-cape-chamber-of-commerce-african-commercial-dispute-settlement-centre

Discussion Paper http://capetownpartnership.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Future-Cape-Context-Report-Feb-2012-FOR-DISTRIBUTION.pdf

www.capetownpartnership.co.za/cape-town-creating-opportunity-through-entrepreneurship

www.capetownpartnership.co.za/the-economic-development-partnership-is-hiring

www.capetownpartnership.co.za/cape-town-one-step-closer-to-becoming-an-entrepreneurial-capital

www.capetownpartnership.co.za/city-centre-gets-r580m-upgrade

Five Year Plan Cape Town 2012-2017: Integrated Development Plan (IDP) 2012/13 Review www.capetown.gov.za/en/IDP/Documents/T4IB03575_A4_IDP12_final.pdf

107

State of the Nation: South Africa 2008

Antipode

www.joburg.org.za/gds2040/pdfs/phil_harrisons_slides.pdf

www.iolproperty.co.za/roller/news/entry/de_lille_declares_war_on

www.springerlink.com/content/c42634l683263363/fulltext.html

www.thenewage.co.za/mobi/Detail.aspx?NewsID=10849&CatID=1007

E-newsletter www.wesgro.co.za

http://wesgro.co.za/corporate/press-releases/on-the-road-to-recovery-western-cape-economy-attracts-zar871bn-in-2011

www.wcedp.co.za/news/future-cape-overcoming-structural-challenges-and-investing-in-liveable-communities

Provincial Economic Review and Outlook 2012

109

Hamburg





Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


4.9 26.1 223 115 (low) 113 (low)

Source: www.brookings.edu/research/interactives/global-metro-monitorwww.mckinseyquarterly.com/Cities_the_next_frontier_for_global_growth_2758


Länder

110


Hamburgische Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftsförderung mbH

Mittelstand

111


Impact of crisis

Global Metro Monitor

112

Growth strategy

Vision Hamburg – Responsible Growth

The upgrade of port facilities.

Subsidise growth of the SME-based economy.

113


European Cities and Regions of the Future

FörderassistentenMittelstandsförderinstitut

Innovationsstiftung Hamburg

Programme to promote highly qualified employees in new jobs.

114

Programme to promote Innovation – PROFI

Hamburg Innovation Trust Development Programme.


Central location.

Hub infrastructure.

115

Recreation and well-being.

Education and innovation.

entrepôt

Mümmelmannsberg

116


117

Sources


http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=157402

www.hamburg.de/immobilienreport-hamburg-2011

www.hamburg.de/immobilienreport-fehmarnbelt-querung

www.colliers.com/~/media/Files/EMEA/emea/research/investment/2011Q2-germany-colliers-office-and-investment-market-report.ashx

Statistical Report: 2011www.eib.org/attachments/general/reports/st2011en.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/eures/main.jsp?lang=en&acro=lmi&catId=360&countryId=DE&regionId=DE6&langChanged=true

www.hafencity.com/print.php?type=artikel&language=en&id=26.

www.iba-hamburg.de/en/service/pressebereich/pressemitteilung-detailansicht/presseartikel/mayor-olaf-scholz-lays-the-cornerstone-for-the-gateway-to-the-world-educational-centre-1.html

www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Cities_the_next_frontier_for_global_growth_2758

New York Times www.nytimes.com/2011/11/18/business/global/a-bold-plan-long-thought-out-to-remake-hamburg.html

Hamburg Welcome Days: Internationality of Metropolitan Life and Economicshttp://welcome.hamburg.de/contentblob/3177424/data/hwd-review-ppt-inter-eco.pdf

Investing in Hamburg’s Future: Information on the Construction of the Moorburg Hard Coal-fired Power Plant www.vattenfall.de/de/moorburg/file/Investing_in_Hamburg_s_future-EN.pdf_21123502.pdf

119

Lyon





Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


1.7 3.3 75 128 (medium) 124 (medium)



La Part-Dieu

Projet d’agglomération

120

Millénaire 3

La Part-Dieu


121


ldlc.com

122

Impact of crisis

Growth strategy

La Part-Dieu


EUR 35 billion national scheme allocates projects in five priority sectors:

123

Ville de l’Entrepreneuriat


124

La Part-Dieu

La Part-Dieu

125

La Part-Dieu Carré de Soie

Tête d’Or


126

Sources

www.aderly.com/publications/585.pdf

www.aderly.com/lyon-economic-news/lyon-biopole-pole-centre-recherche-scientifique-news-BIOASTER-UNE-REPONSE-DEDIEE-DANS-LES-DOMAINES-DE-L-INFECTIOLOGIE-ET-LA-MICROBIOLOGIE,n,6744,FR.jsp

www.aderly.com/lyon-economic-news/-news-HELP-FOR-STARTUPS-FROM-BOOSTINLYON,n,6774,EN.jsp

www.aderly.com/implanter-une-entreprise/agences-de-developpement-economique,p,68,FR.jsp

Lyon Capitale www.lyoncapitale.fr/Journal/univers/Actualite/OL-Land/Le-stade-des-Lumieres-entre-dans-sa-phase-operationnelle


Economy and Society in Europe : A Relationship in Crisis

www.business.greaterlyon.com/city-business-support-lyon-entrepreneurship-system.85.0.html?&L=1

www.grandlyon.com/Info.1164+M57012b59c03.0.html

www.grandlyon.com/Info.1164+M5a172ac22ad.0.html

www.grandlyon.com/Info.1164+M54f5cce50ec.0.html.

www.grandlyon.com/Info.1164+M5dc6bf9919c.0.html.

www.grandlyon.com/Info.1164+M51f22e49713.0.html.

BBC Onlinewww.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13206733.

Making Strategic Spatial Plans:Innovation in Europe

127

www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/TargetedAnalyses/CAEE/CAEE_Lyon_Case_Study_Appendix_C5_FINAL.pdf

Thinking Creatively in Turbulent Times

129

Manchester





Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


2.6 1.3 90 137 (medium) 108 (low)



130


131


132

Impact of crisis

Growth strategy

133

Size and medium-term growth of sectors in Greater Manchester (2011)

Source Greater Manchester Growth Plan


Greater Manchester City Deal

Business services

Distribution and retail

Health

Manufacturing

Education

Transport and communications

Public administration

Hotels and catering

Other personal services

Construction

Financial servicesUtilities

134

JESSICA/Evergreen

135

Regional Growth Fund

Airport City Enterprise Zone

136


A focus on key growth sectors

Investing in transport infrastructure

Investing in digital infrastructure

137

Focusing on growth markets

138


The private sector

139

Sources

Financial Timeswww.ft.com/cms/s/0/75efe33c-832d-11e1-9f9a-

00144feab49a.html#axzz25SKngrS2


Greater Manchester Business Week

Greater Manchester Growth Plan

European Regional Development Fund: Second Report of Session 2012-13

www.investinmanchester.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/MIDAS-BUSINESS-PLAN-2010-11.pdf

www.investinmanchester.com/why-manchester/business-activities/headquarters

Financial Times www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3efaddca-dd67-11e1-8fdc-00144feab49a.html#axzz25SKngrS2

http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/s/1463547_business-leaders-welcome-200m-boost-from-regional-growth-fund

http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/transport/public_transport/s/1580869_all-change-for-commuters-as-greater-manchester-secures-12bn-for-public-transport

www.manchester-review.org.uk

http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/s/1506436_us-leads-competition-to-invest-in-manchester

http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/enterprise/s/1472770_greater-manchester-local-enterprise-partnership-lands-25m-regeneration-fund

http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/b

140

usiness/sme/s/1472943_european-regional-development-fund-programme-provides-20m-for-business-start-ups

http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/s/1586275_greater-manchester-faces-economic-long-haul-despite-unemployment-fall-say-experts-

http://neweconomymanchester.com/stories/1617

Greater Manchester Forecasting Model: 2011 Report Updatehttp://neweconomymanchester.com/downloads/1337-2011-GMFM-ANNUAL-REPORT-ppt

City of Revolution: Restructuring Manchester

www.placenorthwest.co.uk/news/archive/11340-airport-relief-road-to-open-within-five-years.html

International Journal of Urban and Regional Research

City of Revolution: Restructuring Manchester

New Economy Working Papers http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=0&article=1046&context=pshapira&type=additional&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fworks.bepress.com%2Fpshapira%2F40%2F

www.economist.com/node/154692

141

Nanjing





Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


6.3 6.5 61 680 (very high) 128 (medium)




142


Impact of crisis

Growth strategy

software, service outsourcing, finance and insurance, cultural and creative industries

321 Talent Plan

143


Incentives to attract high-value talent

Attraction of domestic and foreign institutional R&D investment

144

loan interest offset

Improvement of overall business and infrastructural environment

145


Mechanisms to attract human capital

Infrastructure and liveability enhancements

146

Local skills development

147

Sources

www.allianceboots.com/nanjing-ab-form-strategic-alliance.aspx


www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-11/30/content_9073709.htm

www.chinatoday.com.cn/ctenglish/se/txt/2009-08/20/content_212832_3.htm

www.chinatoday.com.cn/ctenglish/se/txt/2009-08/20/content_212832_2.htm

www.globaltimes.cn/NEWS/tabid/99/ID/701544/Some-see-Nanjings-urban-rush-prior-to-youth-games-as-overambitious.aspx

http://english.jschina.com.cn/TodayJiangsu/201202/t965300.shtml

Nanjing 321 Planwww.321.gov.cn

http://english.nanjing.gov.cn/zx/szyw/201201/t20120112_350108.htm








148









149

Oslo


City population (millions)

City size(thousands km²)

Metro population(millions)


Metro GDP total(USD billions)

City to metropolitan

population ratio

Income growth 1993-2011

(1993 =100)

Employment growth

1993-2011 (1993=100)

0.61 0.45 1.15 7 85 53% (medium) 143 (high) 140 (high)




150

Kunnskap Oslo

Indikator


151

Impact of crisis

Growth strategy

152


Oslo Package 3

tax credit programme SkatteFUNN

153


tight and complete cluster

establish international links

Specialist infrastructural environments

Oslo Innovation Centre

154


155

Sources

Promoting Innovation by Tax Incentiveswww.yicstatus.com/Documents/Tax_incentives_for_RD_YIC_project_report.pdf

www.newsinenglish.no/2012/08/27/norways-oil-attracts-the-world

www.newsinenglish.no/2012/03/14/immigration-drives-oslos-growth.


The Fjord City – The Plans for Urban Development of the Waterfront www.mcrit.com/plalitoral/SIGlitoral/altresplans/oslowaterfront.pdf

www.8millioncity.com/press/pressemelding-eu-st%C3%B8tter-h%C3%B8yhastighetstog-mellom-oslo-og-k%C3%B8benhavn

Oslo: Norway http://documents.rec.org/publications/CuracaoFactOslo_Apr2009_ENG.pdf

www.kunnskap.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/byr%C3%A5dsavdeling%20for%20finans%20%28FIN%29/Internett%20%28FIN%29/Dokumenter/Kriterier%20for%20premieordning%202010-2012.pdf

http://eu-openscreen.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/LoI/January_2012/Yrvum__OCC.pdf

www.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/oslo%20kommune%20(OSLO)/Intranett%20(OSLO)/Dokumenter/kursdokumenter/MIPIM_innstikk_original.pdf

www.oslo.teknopol.no/MainMenu/news2/News/Money-in-Oslos-pockets

www.oslo.teknopol.no/MainMenu/news2/News/Fjord-City-Expo-comes-home-to-Oslo

www.oslo.teknopol.no/MainMenu/news2/News/Want-state-seed-fund-for-biotech

www.oslo.teknopol.no/MainMenu/news2/News/Maritime-Teamwork--the-Solution

www.oslo.teknopol.no/MainMenu/news2/News/Networks-for-oil-and-gas

Naturally Inspired: Life Sciences Norwaywww.oslo.teknopol.no/upload/Bilder/Publikasjonsbilder/NaturallyInspired.pdf

156

www.oslo.teknopol.no/MainMenu/news2/News/Oslo-Innovation-Week--Europes-biggest-Innovation-convention

www.oslo.teknopol.no/MainMenu/news2/News/Entrepreneur-community-opened

www.oslo.teknopol.no/MainMenu/news2/News/From-nil-to-four-in-one-summer

www.unife.org/uploads/Towards_a_single_railway_area.pdf

157

Shenzhen





Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


9.2 2 123 505 (very high) 250 (very high)



158


159


Public investment

Private investment

160

Impact of crisis

161

Growth strategy

Regional co-operation.

Expansion of higher education.

162

Globalisation of creative industries.

Coastal eco-tourism development.


163

Development of mainland Southern China’s leading creative industries district.

generate taxes of about EUR 500 million annually

A cross-border yuan-loaning service.

Over-the-counter stock exchange.

164

Public-private partnerships (PPPs)

array of tax incentives

New incentives

165

Main preferential pilot policies introduced in Qianhai Zone in 2012

Sector Incentive policyFinancial services – Incentives for Hong Kong, China banks to grant yuan-denominated loans to Qianhai SMEs and

projects– Support for Qianhai-registered firms in issuing yuan-denominated bonds in Hong Kong– Creation of an equity investment parent fund in Qianhai

HR – Freedom for Hong Kong, China professionals to work in Qianhai– Permits for Hong Kong, China qualified accountants to become partners of Mainland accounting

firmsLegal services Hong Kong, China arbitration institutions allowed to establish Qianhai branchesEducation and medicine Hong Kong, China businesses can set up fully-owned international schools or hospitals in QianhaiTelecommunication – Joint ventures encouraged between Hong Kong, China/Macao firms and Chinese counterparts

– Support for local telecom firms in offering preferential tariff schemes

Source: China Alert www.kpmg.com/CN/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Newsletters/ChinaAlerts/Documents/china-alert-1208-18.pdf.

Large relocation incentives for IT firms

Property tax on luxury housing

166


More thorough integration with Hong Kong, China and with the rest of the Pearl River Delta.

An improvement of business skills at all levels.

Foreign talent attraction.

167

Improvement of English language usage.

Commitment to supporting small businesses.

Improving the city’s intellectual property regime

Enhanced trade with emerging markets

Investment in the public transport network.

168

Upgrade of logistics.

A new eco city industrial park.


New tools to strengthen infrastructure investment capability and improve the city’s agility in creating land-use solutions.

More haste of reform that frees mainland markets from government control.

169

Recognise the functional labour market.

170

Sources

http://ajw.asahi.com/article/views/opinion/aj201202080021.


http://english.caixin.com/2012-03-08/100365525_all.html

Asia Pacific Viewpoint

Rethinking Global Urbanism: Comparative Insights from Secondary Cities

Facilities

www.forbes.com/sites/china/2010/05/20/byds-electric-taxis-hit-shenzhens-streets

Journal of Economic Surveys

Economic Policy Institutewww.epi.org/publication/bp316-china-auto-parts-industry.

Shenzhen Dailywww1.szdaily.com/content/2012-01/13/content_6390807.htm

Shenzhen Dailyhttp://szdaily.sznews.com/html/2012-05/30/content_2063478.htm

http://news.sohu.com/20120421/n341208808.shtml

China Alert www.kpmg.com/CN/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Newsletters/ChinaAlerts/Documents/china-alert-1208-18.pdf

Reuters www.reuters.com/article/2012/06/27/us-china-minihongkong-idUSBRE85Q0Z520120627

171

Shenzhen Dailywww.szdaily.com/content/2012-06/07/content_6816470.htm

Transactions in GIS

http://english.sz.gov.cn/ln/201112/t20111222_1792881.htm.


http://english.sz.gov.cn/ln/201201/t20120105_1796544.htm















172















www.szcpost.com/2012/06/shenzhen-to-make-huge-investment-for-intelligent-transportation.html.

GO Chinahttp://gochina.scmp.com/shenzhen/news/shenzhen-airport-confirms-expansion-plans

Public-Private Partnerships: Success and Failure Factors for In-Transition Countries

Asian Venture Capital Journal www.avcj.com/avcj/analysis/2200218/qianhai-offers-rmb-funds-fast-track

173

Zurich





Income growth 1993-2011 (1993=100)


1.5 (Low) 1.7 (Small) 93 127 (medium) 122 (high)



174


Greater Zurich Area AG

Zurich Metropolitan Conference

175

Zurich Metropolitan Area Association


176

Impact of crisis

177

Growth strategy

Attraction of international hedge funds

New technology clusters

178

Clean technology.www.zurichgreenregion.ch

Creative industries.

179



The role of transport infrastructure

180

Key investment project: Integration of Limmat

Durchmesserlinie

The role of workforce development, telecommunications, culture and housing

181

Zürcher Kunstgesellschaft

182

Sources


www.stadt-zuerich.ch/ewz/de/index/ewz/medien/2012/telecom/anschluss-an-die-zukunft-mit-dem-glasfasernetz-.html

www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/news/newsid=1659679/index.html.

Eurocities Working Group: Metropolitan Areaswww.stadt-

zuerich.ch/content/dam/stzh/prd/Deutsch/Stadtentwicklung/Publikationen_und_Broschueren/Aussenbeziehungen/Eurocities/1%20-%2012%2009%2026%20-%20Harris%20-%20Welcome%20in%20Zurich_WGMA.pdf

www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2011/219_beitraege_gza.html.

Finanzplatz Zurich 2011 www.finanzplatz-zuerich.ch/portals/1/Documents/DE/Studien/Monitoring_FinanzplatzZuerich_2011_de.pdf.

www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2012/236_finanzhaushalt.html.

www.awa.zh.ch

www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2012/250_arbeitsmarkt_september.html

www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2012/144_herzzentrum.html

www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2012/140-3_film_festival.html

www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2012/248-7_strassenbauprogramm.html

www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2012/146_agglomerationsprogramm_limmattal.html

www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2012/209_arbeitskraefte.html

183

www.zh.ch/internet/de/aktuell/news/medienmitteilungen/2012/149_studentisches_wohnen.html.

www.kpmg.com/CH/en/Library/Interviews/Pages/interview-bruno-sauter.aspx

www.kunsthaus.ch/en/information/extension

www.metropolitanraum-zuerich.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/MM_Metrokonferenz-Zuerich_BFI_3April2012.pdf.

www.metropolitanraum-zuerich.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/MM_Clusteragentur_29Mai2012.pdf

www.metropolitanraum-zuerich.ch/124.html.

www.metropolitanraum-zuerich.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/MK_Winterthur_MM_V1_11Mai2012-1.pdf.

www.metropolitanraum-zuerich.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/FABI_MM_MetrokonferenzZH_26Maerz2012.pdf.

Switzerland as Location for Asset Managerswww.greaterzuricharea.ch/content/01/downloads/pwc_SwitzerlandForAssetManagers.pdf.

Zurich Strategies 2025 www.stadt-zuerich.ch/content/dam/stzh/portal/English/Documents/1203_2025_ueberarb_EN.pdf.

www.stadt-zuerich.ch/content/dam/stzh/fd/Deutsch/Finanzen/Publikationen%20und%20Broschueren/Budget%202012/budget_2012_folien_medienkonferenz.pdf.

www.stadt-zuerich.ch/content/fd/de/index/das_departement/medien/medienmitteilungen/2010/september/100922b.html

www.zvv.ch/en/about-us/infrastructure-projects/cross-city-link.html

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