ENSC 427: COMMUNICATION

NETWORKS SPRING 2013

Delay Tolerant

Network Protocol

Team 1: George Chang gkchang@sfu.ca Clark Hsieh cha55@sfu.ca Nelson Meira njm5@sfu.ca

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Overview

1.  Introduction a.  Related work

2.  Technical details

3. NS2 a.  Simulation Results

b.  Discussion

4. Conclusion a.  References

Delay Tolerant Network Protocol Team 1: George Chang gkchang@sfu.ca Clark Hsieh cha55@sfu.ca Nelson Meira njm5@sfu.ca

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1. INTRODUCTION

•  Low delay, low disruption network on earth!

•  TCP is the backbone of most of our internet traffic

•  What if we want to send data reliably, efficiently over long and unreliable links?

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Introduction: Motivation Communication in space

Research probs on earth

IP devices in a wider range of application

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Scenario Imagine: 1.  You are on Mars enjoying Breakfast 2.  You want to go to CNN.com on your device 3.  Types in URL 4.  Resolving DNS 5.  awaiting reply 6.  waiting for the handshake end to end connection 7.  wait... 8.  wait... 9.  And your Martians friends are here for lunch 10. WHAT ??? 5

o  Designed with interplanetary communication in mind

o  Allows long or variable delays and

travel distances wirelessly o  Tolerates high error rates

o  Permits Intermittent connectivity o  Builds on top of current networking

protocols for compatibility

Delay and Disruption Tolerant Network

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Related Works- Research Groups •  National Aeronautics and Space Administration •  DTN Research Group (DTNRG) •  Internet Engineering Task Force •  Space Internetworking Center •  Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

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Other DTN Contributing Partners in Europe

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Related Work - Experiments ZebraNet

- Movement data

- GPS collars

Tactical Military Network

- Estimated 30% loss

- No constant stable connection

- Nodes are mobile,

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Related Work - Simulation Done in OMNET++

Stephen Franell/ Vinny Cahill

Modeled sensors in a spacecraft, antennas, and power supply

The ONE

Simulation tool

Various DTN routing algorithms

Visualization tools

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DTN- Ground Stations

Canberra Australia

Madrid Spain

Gladstone California

•  Supports Deep Space DTN 24/7, up to 70 m diameter dish

•  120+120+120 = 360

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NASA & European Space Agency (ESA) Nov. 8, 2012

•  First Demonstration of DTN Protocol developed by NASA to control a LEGO Robot

•  Darmstadt, Germany to International Space Station

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Current Focus

•  Security

•  "dtnBone"

•  LTP

•  BP

•  DTN2

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3. Technical Detail Issues with massive delay and connectivity

Additional protocol to fix certain problems

Eliminates end to end retransmission

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DTN - Bundling/ Fragmentation •  Store and forward •  Using a custody transfer model •  Each node take over in delivering downstream

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TCP- Approach

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DTN- Approach

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DTN •  Hop-to-Hop much like our postage system •  Immediate knowledge of message properties •  Opportunistic Contacts •  Scheduled Contacts •  Node to Node Retransmission •  Priority of Delivery

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Additional Technical Details Security

•  Bundle Authentication Block (BAB):

•  Payload Integrity Block (PIB):

•  Payload Confidentiality Block (PCB):

•  Extension Security Block (ESB):

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3. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS •  Compare DTN with TCP •  Determine efficient bundle size

•  We made simple assumptions o  MAC/802_11 o  WirelessPhy o  TwoRayGround o  Antenna/OmniAntenna

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NS2 - Topology Configuring the hierarchical addresing: $ns_ node-config -addressType hierarchical 3 8 8 8 set domain_num 2 lappend cluster_num 3 1

lappend eilastlevel 1 1 1 4

AddrParams set domain_num_ $domain_num AddrParams set cluster_num_ $cluster_num AddrParams set nodes_num_ $eilastlevel

Wired Domain

Wireless Domain

3 Clusters, each with 1 Node

1 Clusters, with 3 Nodes

Assignment: D.C.N eg. set l(2) [ $ns_ node 0.2.0 ]

Node l(2) is in wired domain, in the third cluster, and in the first (and only) node of that cluster 21

NS2- Code set up - BaseStation $ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $opt

(adhocRouting) \ -llType $opt(ll) \ -macType $opt(mac) \ -ifqType $opt(ifq) \ -ifqLen $opt(ifqlen) \ -antType $opt(ant) \ -propInstance [new $opt

(prop)] \ -phyType $opt(netif) \

-channel [new $opt(chan)] \ -topoInstance $topo \ -wiredRouting ON \ -agentTrace OFF \ -routerTrace ON \ -macTrace OFF \ -phyTrace OFF \ -movementTrace OFF \ -eotTrace OFF \ -toraDebug OFF

Settings will determine output in .tr files

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ns-2 - dtn-agent usage set dtn0 [new Agent/DTN]

#$ns_ attach-agent $l(0) $tcp0 $ns_ attach-dtnagent $l(0) $dtn0

#$ns_ connect $tcp0 $tcpSink0 $ns_ connect-dtn $dtn0 $dtnSink

# dtn Base Station $dtnBS set nIsBSNode_ 1

explicitly set to tell the DTN agent to employ RV mechanism

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wired node base-station wireless node

w1

$w(0) base-station [AddrParams addr2id [$BS(0) node-addr]] $w(0) base-station [AddrParams addr2id [$BS(1) node-addr]] $w(1) base-station [AddrParams addr2id [$BS(0) node-addr]] $w(1) base-station [AddrParams addr2id [$BS(1) node-addr]] $ns_ attach-dtnagent $w(0) $dtn1 $ns_ attach-dtnagent $w(1) $dtn2 $ns_ connect-dtn $dtnBS0 $dtn1

w0

BS0 BS1

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NS2 Trace - $ns_ use newtrace r -t 14.370211482 -Hs 6 -Hd -2 -Ni 6 -Nx 300.00 -Ny 400.00

-Nz 0.00 -Ne -1.000000 -Nl RTR -Nw --- -Ma 0 -Md 0 -Ms 0 -Mt 0 -Is 4194306.2 -Id 4194305.2 -It ack -Il 40 -If 1 -Ii 534 -Iv 32 -Pn tcp -Ps 10 -Pa 0 -Pf 0 -Po 0

f -t 14.370211482 -Hs 6 -Hd 4194305 -Ni 6 -Nx 300.00 -Ny 400.00 -Nz 0.00 -Ne -1.000000 -Nl RTR -Nw --- -Ma 0 -Md 0 -Ms 0 -Mt 0 -Is 4194306.2 -Id 4194305.2 -It ack -Il 60 -If 1 -Ii 534 -Iv 32 -Pn tcp -Ps 10 -Pa 0 -Pf 0 -Po 0

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NS2 Trace - Awk Script #!/bin/bash

#run the tcl, list application receive time #strip the N ns clark-dtn.tcl > dtn-clark-running-log.txt read -p "Press [enter] to continue to grep application"; grep "Application" dtn-clark-running-log.txt; read -p "Press [enter] to continue to awk data"; awk '$1 !="N" {print} ' dtn-clark.tr > dtn-clark-output.txt; awk '$1 =="N" {print} ' dtn-clark.tr > dtn-clark-wireless-energy.txt; #separating the energy from the .tr file. then graphs it nodeID1=4194305; nodeID2=4194306; echo $nodeID1 "node 1"; echo $nodeID2 "node 2"; echo "creating graphing files node1Graph.tr and node2Graph.tr" awk '$5 == 4194305 {print $3, $7} ' dtn-clark-wireless-energy.txt > node1Graph.tr; awk '$5 == 4194306 {print $3, $7} ' dtn-clark-wireless-energy.txt > node2Graph.tr; #echo "graphing results now"; #code here for Xgraph using node1Graph.txt and node2Graph.txt #xgraph node1Graph.tr -geometry 800x400 & #xgraph node2Graph.tr & #echo "results plotted"; echo "Script is Finish Running" ; echo "";

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NS2 Trace - Data Output

       -­‐  5.123908  0  1  DTN  1540  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  1  0.0.0.0  0.1.0.1  -­‐1  1629  0  3  

510000...  +  5.123916  3  1  ack  40  -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐  1  1.0.0.2  0.1.0.2  135  1630  

 -­‐    5.123908                DTN          1540    0.0.0.0      0.1.0.1    +    5.123916                ack            40      1.0.0.2      0.1.0.2  

extract columns

From node... To node... Pkt Size Selected  Data  

Raw  Data  

Pkt Type Time Event

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NS2 Trace - $ns_ use newtrace Event Type s, r, d, f - send, receive, drop, and forward

General Tag

-t global time -t * global setting

Node Property -Ni node id -Nx, -Ny, -Nz

-Ne -Nl

-Nw

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NS2 Trace - $ns_ use newtrace Event Type s, r, d, f - send, receive, drop, and forward

General Tag

-t global time -t * global setting

Node Property -Ni -Nx, -Ny, -Nz

-Ne -Nl

-Nw

"END" - end simulation "COL" - collision "DUP" - duplicate "ERR" - packet error "RET" - retry count exceeded "STA" - invalid state "BSY" - busy "NRTE" - no route available "LOOP" - routing loop "TTL" - TTL reach zero "TOUT" - packer expired "CBK" - mac callback "IFQ" - no buffer space in IFQ "ARP" - dropped by ARP "OUT" - not in routing domain

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NS2 Trace - $ns_ use newtrace Event Type s, r, d, f - send, receive, drop, and forward

General Tag

IP level (packet) -Is source:port -Id destination:port

-It packet type -Il packet size

-If flow id -Ii unique ID

-Iv ttl value

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NS2 Trace - $ns_ use newtrace Event Type s, r, d, f - send, receive, drop, and forward

General Tag

Next Hop Info -Hs id for this node -Hd id for next hop

Packet info (MAC) -Ma duration -Md dst ethaddr

-Ms src eth addr -Mt eth type

Application (info) ... ...

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NS2 Trace - $ns_ use newtrace More info on the traces can be found on page 161 of NS2 -

documentation.

http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-documentation.html

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3. SIMULATION RESULTS

•  Power Consumption

•  Transfer Duration

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Power Consumption

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Node1 (default) Energy

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Node1 (Double Bundle Size) Energy

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Transfer Duration

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

Tran

smit

Tim

e

Packet Size

Packet Size vs Transmit Time

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DISCUSSION: Tasks & Difficulties

•  Installing the SPICE DTN Agent into ns2

•  Forming the wireless DTN topology

•  Creating a model to compare against DTN

•  Analyzing and extracting the trace files

•  Interpreting the data and further investigation

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DISCUSSION: Improvements

•  Investigation into destroyed Wireless Satellite nodes

when packets are in Custody

•  Removal of bundles in the network after receiver obtain

it

•  Implement more orbiting wireless satellites.

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Conclusion

• The bundle side did not affect the overall energy use

• Slow transmission correlates to packet size • We want to further investigate other effects of

longer distances and satellite orbit •  Implementation of a successful TCP version

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THANK YOU

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5. REFERENCE [1] L. Wood, "Delay Tolerant Networking Research Group," 09 04 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.dtnrg.org/wiki/About . [Accessed 17 02

2013].

[2] K. Gifford, "NASA - Disruption Tolerant Networking for Space Operations," NASA, 12 05 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/DTN.html . [Accessed 16 02 2013].

[3] M. Demmer, DTN Reference Implementation, San Diego: DTNRG Conference Meeting, 2004.

[4] K. Fall and S. Farrell, "DTN: an architectural retrospective," IEEE Journal, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 828-836, 2008.

[5] J. Jackson, "IEEE Spectrum - The Interplanetary Internet," August 2005. [Online]. Available: http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/internet/the-interplanetary-internet/3 . [Accessed 16 02 2013].

[6] T. Issaraiyakul and E. Hossain. (2009). Introduction to Network Simulator NS2: Post processing NS2 Result using NS2 Trace [Online]. Available: http://www.ns2ultimate.com/post/3702976577/post-processing-ns2-result-using-ns2-trace-ex2

[7] Z. WU. (2010, Oct 08). Network Simulator 2 for Wireless: Analyze ns-2 trace file [Online]. Available: http://zbinwu.blogspot.ca/2010/10/analyze-ns-2-trace-file.html

[8] Space Internetworking Center, “DTN-Agent”. [Online]. Available: http://www.spice-center.org/dtn-agent. [Accessed Feb. 25, 2013] [9] S. Farrell et al., "When TCP Breaks: Delay- and Disruption- Tolerant Networking," Internet Computing, IEEE , vol.10, no.4, pp.72,78, July-

Aug. 2006 doi: 10.1109/MIC.2006.91 URL:http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1704758&isnumber=35969

[10] S. Farrell and V. Cahill, Delay and Disruption-Tolerant Networking. Macatucits: Artech House Inc, 2006, pp. 171-181.

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Reference Continued [11] Giorgos Papastergiou, Ioannis Psaras, Vassilis Tsaoussidis, Deep-Space Transport Protocol: A novel transport scheme for

Space DTNs, Computer Communications, Volume 32, Issue 16, 15 October 2009, Pages 1757-1767, ISSN 0140-3664, 10.1016/j.comcom.2009.02.012.

URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366409000565 [Access Mar. 20, 2013] [12] F. Warthman. (2003, Mar). delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs): A Tutorial v1.1 [Online]. Available: http://www.dtnrg.org/docs/

tutorials/warthman-1.1.pdf [13] Dr. K. Scott. (2009, May,11). Delay /Disruption Tolerant Networking [Online]. Available: http://usenix.org/events/lisa09/tech/

slides/scott.pdf

[14] Space Academy, “Communication Delay”. [Online]. Available:http://www.spaceacademy.net.au/spacelink/commdly.htm. [Accessed Mar. 20, 2013

[15] B.Saha . (2011, Jul, 04). Delay Tolerant Networks A novice's blog on Delay Tolerant Networks: The ONE Tutorial[Online]. Available: http://delay-tolerant-networks.blogspot.ca/p/one-tutorial.html

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TCP

Very reliable

Retransmission

Connection oriented

Depends on a low latency network,

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Evaluation Criteria notes CLASS PRESENTATION (total 100 points): 1. Introduction to the project: motivation and overview (5

points): 2. Overview of related work (20 points): 3. Problem description: technical details (20 points): 4. Implementation: simulation, prototype, results and

analysis (even if not completed) (50 points): 5. Organization and time management (5 points):

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SMTP - email - Delay Tolerant

Mail protocol is delay tolerent

Requires short bursts of low latency connection oriented links

No fix if the mail server blows up in a battle field

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