Upload
rnrmmanphd
View
216
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
1/20
Running Head: Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 1
HEALTH STATUS OF THE ELDERLY IN VIGAN CITY:
A TRANSCULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Raymund Christopher R. dela Pea
Saint Louis University
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
2/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 2
INTRODUCTION
Transcultural nursing is an essential aspect of healthcare today. This requires nurses torecognize and appreciate cultural differences in healthcare values, beliefs, and customs.
Nurses must acquire the necessary knowledge and skills in cultural competency. Culturally
competent nursing care helps ensure patient satisfaction and positive outcomes.
Elderly in our society are stereotyped. Aging is a natural process, but the changes
associated with it are rarely viewed as natural or positive. Healthcare professionalscommonly describe such changes as losses such as a loss of tissue elasticity or decrease inblood flow (Taylor, 2005). In general, our society regards aging as a series of inevitable,
negative events that a person must tolerate.
Some of the myths, misconception and negative stereotypes about the older peoplestem from our cultures value and beliefs. Many people perceive older adults as senile, sickand incapable of making worthwhile contributions to society.
The worlds elderly population is fast increasing, but there is scant information oftheir health needs in developing countries. The ages 60 and above is the fastest growing age
group.
Filipino culture, values and traditions dictate that the elderly people must be respected
and cared for. In line with this, the updated Philippine Development Plan promotes thefamilys major role in providing care in the home. It stresses the development of family-oriented support systems to help curb the increase in the number of abandoned and neglected
elderly. In addition, it considers the communitys role in providing additional support. Itregards voluntary organizations, private firms, or charities, as important resources in fillinggaps wherein either the family or the governments provisions of services are insufficient. Atpresent the countrys major programs are The Department Programs for the Elderly,Institutionalized Homes for the Aged and Retirement and other Benefits (Bonito, 1999).
The elderly in the Philippines, those aged 60 and above account for a small portion of
the population. Demographic trends, however, reveal an alarming increase in the elderly
population. Based on the census, they represented 5.28 % and 5.26 % of the total populationin 1980 and 1990, respectively. By the year 2030, the number is expected to double the 1990
data and reach more than 6.4 million (Bonito, 1999).
In Region I, the 1990 census reveals that the elderly composed 7 % of the totalpopulation compared to the national level of only 5 %. The Ilocos Region tops the list of
regions with the biggest elderly population (Sumabat, 2008). Hence, there is a need to pay
attention to this phenomenon.
The researcher took interest in conducting this study to determine the actual health
status of the elderly in Vigan City. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship
between the health status of the elderly and some socio-economic and health-cultural relatedfactors. Four dimensions of health will be measured using a structured questionnaire to be
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
3/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 3
administered to elderly randomly selected in an urban community. The four health
dimensions are physical, psychosocial, emotional and spiritual while the socio-economic
factors that were studied include age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, source ofincome and previous employment and heath related factors included lifestyle, health seeking
behaviors, primary caregiver and health benefits received.
It will gather suitable information that will be helpful in the formulation of policiesand programs that are transcultural sensitive and more responsive to the needs and problems
of the elderly by both private and government sectors. As a member of the health care team,
the data obtained from this study will serve as baseline data in formulating nursing care plansthat would be suitable to the fragile health needs of the elderly and at the same time giving
importance also to their culture.
The data that will be gathered will also serve as baseline information for policyformulation by the health providers as well as the Local Government Unit specially the
health program managers for them to come up with suitable programs and services that will
meet the needs of the elderly people in the locality and this time giving consideration also totheir culture.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to examine and determine the relationship of socio-demographic
characteristics to health status of the elderly in selected barangays of the City of Vigan.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following variables:
Health Related Factors
a) lifestyle,b)
health seeking behaviors,
c) primary caregiver and
d) health benefits received?
2. What is the health status of the respondents in terms of the following
dimensions?a) physical,
b) psychosocial
c) emotional and
d) spiritual?
2.
Is there a significant relationship between the health status of the respondents and
socio-economic and health related variables?
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study aims to determine the actual health status of the elderly of Vigan City. The
study wants to determine if the health status of the respondents is affected by some socio-demographic and health-cultural related factors. The dependent variable of the study is the
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
4/20
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
5/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 5
Table 1 shows the distribution of the respondents.
Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents
Barangay N nPoblacion Barangays
Barangay VIII 161 38
Barangay VI 152 36
Barangay V 138 33
Farmland
San Julian Sur 119 28
San Julian Norte 136 32
Bongtolan 44 10
Bolala 72 17
Salindeg 130 31Pantay Daya 66 16
Pantay Laud 44 10
Capangpangan 86 20
Coastal
Mindoro 149 35
Total 1297 306
Data Gathering Instrument. The researcher will construct a questionnaire-checklist.
To be validated by a poll of experts and translated from English to Iloko. The questionnaire-checklist consists of two parts.
Part I displays the profile of the respondents along socio-economic factors such as
age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, source of income and previous
employment/occupation and their health related factors like lifestyle, health seekingbehaviors, primary caregiver and health benefits received.
Part II consists of the questionnaire on health status which includes the following
dimensions: physical, psychosocial, emotional and spiritual.
The following descriptive scale will be used in the assessment of health status
of the elderly:
5Always
4Often
3Sometimes
2Seldom
1Never
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
6/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 6
The following norms of arbitrarily set by the researcher will be used in interpreting
the actual health status of the elderly.
Numerical Rating Descriptive Rating Descriptive Rating
4.21 - 5.00 Always Very Good
3.41 - 4.20 Often Good2.61 - 3.40 Sometimes Fair
1.81 - 2.60 Seldom Poor
1.00 - 1.80 Never Very Poor
Data Gathering Procedure.The researcher will make letters addressed to the City
Mayor and Barangay Captains of Barangay V, Barangay VI, Barangay VIII, San Julian Sur,
San Julian Norte, San Pedro Sur, San Pedro Norte, Salindeg and Mindoro, respectively forthem to give permission to the researcher to gather data from the respondents in their
respective barangays. After asking permission from the concerned authorities, the researcher
will administer the questionnaire-checklist to the respondents through the help of the health
worker of each barangay.Ethical Considerations. Ethical consideration will be raised by obtaining informed
consent and maintaining participants confidentiality. The researcher will protect theparticipants identification and responses from thepublic domain. The researcher will ensure thatrespondents will be treated fairly and each individual will be treated equally without judgment orprejudice.
Statistical Treatment. The following statistical tools will be used to answer the
questions raised in the study:
1. Frequency count and percentages to describe the profile of the respondents in terms of
age, sex, civil status, educational attainment, source of income, previousemployment/occupation.
2. Mean to describe the respondents health-cultural status in terms of physical,psychosocial, emotional and spiritual dimensions.
3. Simple correlation analysis to determine the relationship between health status and socio-economic and health related factors of the elderly in Vigan City.
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
7/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 7
REFERENCES
Taylor, Carol, et. al., 2005.Fundamentals of Nursing: An Art and Science of
Nursing Care, New York: Lipincott Williams and Wilkins.
Bonito, S. 1999.Health of Older Persons: Dimensions and Correlates.PhilippineJournal of Nursing. 37-44.
Sumabat, Rochelle Brigitte,Health Awareness and Practices of the Elderly in Vigan City,
Unpublished Graduate Thesis, University of Northern Philippines
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
8/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 8
Appendix A
Letter of Request to the City Mayor
Hon. Ea Marie S. MedinaMayor, Vigan City
Maam:
Greetings of Peace and Joy!
The undersigned Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing student of Saint Louis
UniversitySchool of Nursing, Graduate Program is conducting a research entitled,Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective.This studyaims to examine and determine the relationship of socio-economic & health related
factors to health status of the elderly. The data gathered will serve as baseline
information for policy formulation by the Local Government Unit specially the health
program managers for them to come up with suitable programs and services that aretransculturally sensitive and will meet the needs of the elderly people in the locality.
In this connection, may I request permission to float the questionnaire-checklist to the elderly in Barangay V, VI & VIII, San Julian Sur & Norte, Bongtolan,Bolala, Salindeg, Pantay Daya & Laud, Capangpangan and Mindoro
I am looking forward for your favorable action on this request. Thank youvery much. God bless and more power.
Very truly yours,
Raymund Christopher R. dela Pea, RN, RM, MANResearcher
Saint Louis University
Baguio CitySchool of Nursing
Graduate Program
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
9/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 9
Appendix BLetter of Request to the Barangay Captains
Hon.Barangay Captain
, Vigan City
Sir:
Greetings of Peace and Joy!
The undersigned Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing student of Saint Louis
UniversitySchool of Nursing, Graduate Program is conducting a research entitled,Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective.This studyaims to examine and determine the relationship of socio-economic & health related
factors to health status of the elderly. The data gathered will serve as baseline
information for policy formulation by the Local Government Unit specially the health
program managers for them to come up with suitable programs and services that aretransculturally sensitive and will meet the needs of the elderly people in the locality.
In this connection, may I request permission to float the questionnaire-checklist inyour barangay.
I am looking forward for your favorable action on this request. Thank you very much.
God bless and more power.
Very truly yours,
Raymund Christopher R. dela Pea, RN, RM, MANResearcher
Saint Louis University
Baguio City
School of Nursing
Graduate Program
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
10/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 10
Appendix C
Letter to the Respondents
Dear Respondents:
Greetings of Peace and Joy!
The undersigned Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing student of Saint LouisUniversitySchool of Nursing, Graduate Program is conducting a research entitled,Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective.This studyaims to examine and determine the relationship of socio-economic & health related
factors to health status of the elderly.
In this connection, your cooperation and kind assistance is earnestly requestedto accomplish the enclosed questionnaire. Your sincere and honest answers are very
important in the attainment of the objectives of my study. Rest assured that all
information gathered would be kept with utmost confidentiality.
Thank you very much and God bless.
Very truly yours,
Raymund Christopher R. dela Pea, RN, RM, MAN
Researcher
Saint Louis University
Baguio CitySchool of Nursing
Graduate Program
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
11/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 11
Appendix D
Questionnaire
HEALTH STATUSOF THE ELDERLY IN VIGAN CITY: A TRANSCULTURALPERSPECTIVE
Questionnaire ChecklistInstructions: Please put a check mark ( ) on the space provided on the corresponding item
that matches your answer.
I. Profile on:
Socio-economic Factors
Name: (Optional)
Age:
Sex: Male Female
Civil Status: Married Single Widow/Widower
Educational Attainment:
Post Graduate
College Graduate
College Level
High School Graduate
High School Level
Elementary Graduate
Elementary Level
No Formal Schooling
Source of Income:
Fixed Pension (From GSIS, SSS, Veterans, etc)
Salary
Assistance from children
Income from business
Others (Please Specify)
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
12/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 12
Previous Employment/Occupation
A. Professional
Accounting / Finance
Admin / HR Arts / Media / Communication
Sciences
Healthcare
B.Non-Professional
Ambulant Vendor
Housekeeping
Farming
Fishing
C. Skilled
Weaving
Pottery
Manufacturing
Carpentry
Others (Please specify)
Health Related Factors
A.Lifestyle
Please rate your lifestyle & health seeking behaviors. Put a check mark ( )on thecorresponding item that matches your answer.
On ExerciseDo you exercise?
Yes
No
If yes, what kind of exercise?
Walking
Jogging
Running
Swimming
Others
How often?
2x a month
2x a week
Once a week
Everyday
Others
http://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/accounting-finance-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/admin-human-resources-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/arts-media-communications-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/sciences-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/healthcare-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/manufacturing-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/others-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/others-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/manufacturing-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/healthcare-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/sciences-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/arts-media-communications-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/admin-human-resources-jobshttp://job-search.jobstreet.com.ph/philippines/job/vacancy/spezg/accounting-finance-jobs8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
13/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 13
On Smoking
Do you smoke?
Yes
No
If yes, what kind of cigarette? Filter
Without filter
Both
How many stick per day?
1-5
5-10
10-15
15-20
Others
On Drinking
Do you drink alcoholic beverages?
Yes
No
If yes, what king of alcoholic beverage?
Wine
Beer
Liquor
Others
How often?
Once a week
2x a week
Every other day
Every day
How many glasses do you drink per session?
2 or more glasses
1 glass glass
Others
On Diet
1. I eat my meals regularly (breakfast, lunch & dinner).
Yes
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
14/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 14
No
If yes, how frequent?
Always
Often
Sometimes
2. I eat vegetables.
Yes
No
If yes, what kind of vegetable?
Green Vegetables (leaf vegetables, okra, broccoli)
Orange vegetables (carrot, squash, sweet potato)
Dried beans & peas (kidney beans, lentils, garbanzo)
Others
How frequent?
Always
Often
Sometimes
3. I eat fruits in every meal.
Yes
No
If yes, what kind of fruit?
Tree fruits (cherry, pear, apple)
Citrus fruits (orange, lemon, mandarin)
Tropical fruits (banana, avocado, mango, pineapple)
Others
How frequent?
Always
Often
Sometimes
4. I eat meat.
Yes
No
If yes, what kind of meat?
Chicken
Beef
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
15/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 15
Pork
Fish
How often?
Always
Sometimes Seldom
5. I drink at least 8-10 glasses of water every day?
Yes
No
If yes, what is your source of drinking water?
Jetmatic pump
Electric water pump
Deep well
Commercialized bottled water
How often?
Always
Sometimes
Seldom
A. Health Seeking Behaviors
1.
I regularly go for medical check-ups. Yes
No
If yes, how often?
Monthly
Quarterly
Biannually
Annually
2. I have my BP taken regularly.
Yes
No
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
16/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 16
If yes, how often?
Everyday
Weekly
Monthly
As necessary
Who takes your BP?
Barangay health worker
Municipal health worker
Family members
Others
3. I take vitamin supplements.
Yes
No
If, yes what Vitamins are you taking?
Vitamin B
Vitamin C
Calcium
Multivitamins
How frequent?
Always
Often
Sometimes
4.
I take herbal products.
Yes
No
If yes, what kind of herbal product?
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
17/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 17
Natural
Commercialized
How frequent?
Always Often
Sometimes
5. I visit & consult the herbolarios for my health concerns.
Yes
No
If yes, how frequent?
Monthly Quarterly
Biannually
Annually
6. I regularly go for dental check-up
Yes
No
If yes, how often?
Monthly
Quarterly
Biannually
Annually
7. I strictly follow the doctors order & instruction every time I get sick.
Yes No
If yes, how frequent?
Always
Often
Sometimes
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
18/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 18
8. I self-medicate.
Yes
No
If yes, how frequent?
Always
Often
Sometimes
C.Caregiver
Who is your primary caregiver?
Spouse
Child/children
Relatives
Friends
Private nurse/Private caregiver
None
Others (Please specify)
D.Health Benefits Received
Free medical & dental service
Free diagnostic & laboratory fees (except X-ray & CT scan)
Discount on:
Medicines
Professional fee of attending doctor/s
Hospital bill
Others (Please Specify)
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
19/20
Health Status of the Elderly in Vigan City: A Transcultural Perspective 19
II. Health StatusPlease rate your health status. Put a check mark ( )on the corresponding item
that matches your answer. Your health status is evaluated on the followingdescriptive scale:
5Always
4Often
3Sometimes
2Seldom
1Never
5 4 3 2 1
Physical
1. I manifest vital signs (e.g., blood pressure) within normal
range for my age & sex
2.
I exhibit appropriate knowledge & attitudes about sexuality(e.g., menopause)
3. I verbalize any changes in eating, elimination or exercise
4. I adjust to physiologic changes ( e.g., appearance,
sensory/perceptual, musculoskeletal, neurologic,cardiovascular)
5. I adapt lifestyle to diminishing energy & ability
Social
1. I manage retirement years in a satisfying manner
2.
I participate in sociocultural & leisure activities3. I have a social network of friends & support persons
4. I view life as worthwhile
5. I have a high self esteem
Emotional
1. I accept & adjust to the death of significant others
2. I accept changes in family roles (e.g., havinggrandchildren)
3. I adapt with the possibility of living alone or moving into a
nursing home.
4.
I am ready to face death anytime5. I am happy & satisfied of what I have achieved & whatever
I have in my life right now.
Spiritual
1. I find comfort, solace & affirmation in religious activities
(e.g., mass, novenas, processions, recollection/retreat, etc)
2. I attend mass every Sunday or worship every Saturday
8/10/2019 DELA PENA - Transcultural Nursing Title Proposal
20/20