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Deforestation • Topics:
1. Deforestation
a. Defintion
2. Causes of Deforestation
a. Agriculture
b. Logging
c. Mining
d. Roads
3. Effects of Deforestation
a. Water cycle
b. Carbon cycle
c. Loss of biodiversity
d. Soil Erosion
Deforestation
What is Deforestation? • The permanent destruction of forests in order to make the
land available for other uses. • An estimated 18 million acres (7.3 million hectares) of
forest is lost each year ( roughly the size of the country of Panama)
a. Agriculture
• Leading cause of deforestation • Farmers need land to grow crops and raise animals • They remove forest land to make room for farms • They use slash and burn to perform deforestation
• Slash and burn is cutting away and burning the forest
b. Logging
• Loggers cut down trees for their wood • Logging is illegal in many areas, like National Parks • The wood is used for many purposes, including
paper production and as a building material
c. Mining • Miners search for materials like gold, copper, and
aluminum • This clears the land, including the forest that
occupies it • Contaminates the ecosystem with runoff
d. Roads • Building the roads themselves destroys trees in the
way • Provides access to a larger area of the forest for
loggers, miners, and farmers
Effects of Deforestation
1. Water cycle 2. Carbon cycle 3. Loss of biodiversity 4. Soil Erosion
Water Cycle
• If the trees are gone,
there will be less
transpiration and
less water released
into the hydrologic
cycle
Poor Water Quality • Soil erosion lets dirt enter runoff, lowering water
quality
• Makes for bad living conditions for fish
• A reduced amount of fish can cause ramifications all
the way up the food chain
Carbon Cycle
CO2 02
• If trees aren’t there, carbon dioxide will accumulate
and contribute to the greenhouse effect
CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2
Soil Erosion
• When trees are gone, their roots cannot hold the soil
in place
• Reduces soil’s capacity to hold water
• Makes agriculture difficult
Loss of Biodiversity
• Rainforests contain over half of the world’s species
• Loss of trees -> loss of primary consumers -> loss of
secondary consumers -> …
• When trees are removed, all rainforest life is affected
Examples of Deforested Areas
• The Amazon
• Africa
• Southeast Asia
The Amazon • World’s largest tropical rainforest
• Located in South America
• 1/5 of the world’s plants and 1/10 of animals are
found here
Mining
• Mining – has lead to the removal of mountaintops and pollution from mounds of waste rock.
Environmental Impacts of Mining for Coal
• Surface mining requires the removal of massive amounts of top soil, leading to erosion, loss of habitat and pollution.
• Underground mining causes acid mine drainage, which causes heavy metals to dissolve and seep into ground and surface water.
Dams • Generate hydroelectric energy • Flood forests that are upstream • Trees decay slowly when dams are built in tropical
waters, depriving the water of oxygen
Rainforests in Africa • World’s second largest rainforest
• Almost all of the forest on Madagascar is gone
• Madagascar too contains a large amount of
biodiversity that has been compromised
Rainforests in Southeast Asia • Indonesia is covered in rainforest
• Has been deforested just like the Amazon and in
Africa
• It is hot and humid the whole year
Deforestation in Brunei
How You Can Help
• Buying sustainably grown foods
• Buying environmentally friendly paper
• Donating to an organization that stands up for forests
Sustainably Grown Food • This is food that was grown without negative effects
like deforestation
• Only buying this type of food pressures businesses
into producing it, as they will produce what you buy
Environmentally Friendly Paper
• This could be recycled paper or paper made from
bamboo
• Again, this pressures paper making companies into
using recycled paper and bamboo paper
Donating to Organizations
• Organizations like Greenpeace fight damage to the
environment like deforestation
• Since they receive money, these organizations can
influence corporations and politicians to make
environmentally friendly policies
Thank you for preserving our forests!