NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm 1400F Type FactoryBuilt Chimney
Definition A chimney suitable for continuous use at 1400F (760C),
composed of listed, factorybuilt components, intended for open,
non-enclosed use at specified minimum clearances to combustibles
and use in noncombustible locations, and assembled in accordance
with the terms of its listing to form the completed chimney. A
pressure regulator for LP-Gas vapor service designed to reduce
first-stage regulator outlet pressure to a nominal 2 psi (13.8
kPa). An LP-Gas vapor delivery system that combines a first-stage
regulator, a 2-psi service regulator and a line pressure
regulator(s). A boundary designed to resist the passage of smoke
and flame for 1 hour when tested in accordance with ASTM E 119,
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and
Materials. A fire barrier system consisting of bulkheads or decks
and including all penetrations for piping and cables, doors,
windows, and ductwork, providing 60 minutes of fire resistance when
tested in accordance with established test methods. Responsible
Document Code/Standard using Definition Status
97
31
secondary
2-psi Service Regulator 2-psi System Regulator A-Class
Boundary
58 58
58 58
preferred preferred
13
13
preferred
A-Class Division
301
301
preferred
Abort Gate/Abort Damper A device for the quick diversion of
material or air to the exterior of the building or other safe
location in the event of a fire. Aboveground Storage A horizontal
or vertical tank that is listed and intended for fixed
installation, without Tank backfill, above or below grade and is
used within the scope of its approval or listing. Aboveground Tank
Abrasion Abrasion Absolute Pressure Absolute Pressure Absolute
Pressure A tank that is installed above grade, at grade, or below
grade without backfill. The damaging effect on rope and other
equipment caused by friction-like movement. The damaging effect on
rope and other equipment caused by friction. The total pressure
being measured that equals gauge pressure plus atmospheric
pressure. The total pressure in a system with reference to zero
pressure. Pressure based on a zero reference point, the perfect
vacuum. Measured from this reference point, the standard
atmospheric pressure at sea level is an absolute pressure of
101.325 kPa (14.7 psia). Absolute pressure in the inch-pound system
is commonly denoted in terms of pounds per square inch absolute
(psia). A temperature measured in Kelvins (K) or Rankins (R).
Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, with 0 K being
equal to -273C, and 0 R equal to -460F; 273 K corresponds to 0C,
and 460 R corresponds to 0F. The process in which materials hold
liquids through the process of wetting. A series of harmful
behaviors and actions, as defined by local law, that place an
individual at risk and require reporting. An agent, often an
ignitable liquid, used to initiate a fire or increase the rate of
growth or spread of fire. Considered by the authority having
jurisdiction (AHJ) as adequate for satisfying the goals,
performance objectives, and/or performance criteria. Conditions in
a space that must exist to allow entry and to ensure that employees
can safely enter into and work within the space. An agreement
between the purchasing authority and the contractor that the terms
and conditions of the contract have been met. Tests performed on
behalf of the purchaser by the manufacturers representative at the
time of delivery to determine compliance to the fire departments
specifications. Tests performed on behalf of or by the purchaser at
the time of delivery to determine compliance with the
specifications for the fire apparatus. Tests performed on behalf of
or by the purchaser at the time of delivery to determine compliance
with the fire department's specifications. Those requirements that
are compatible with standards of practice required by a registered
professional engineer. A charge of explosives or blasting agent
receiving an impulse from an exploding donor charge. A path of
travel, usable by a person with a severe mobility impairment, that
leads to a public way or an area of refuge. An approved secure box,
accessible by the authority having jurisdiction's master key or
control, containing entrance keys or other devices to gain access
to a structure or area. A door assembly, for installation in
fire-rated walls or having a specific listing for installation in
fire-rated floors or ceilings of floorceiling or roofceiling
assemblies, that is used to provide access to shafts, chases,
attics, spaces above ceilings, or other concealed spaces.
654 1 30 1670 1670 99 99
654 1, 30A 30, 1 1670 1006 53 99, 99B
preferred preferred preferred preferred secondary secondary
preferred
55
55, 1
preferred
Absolute Temperature
921 471 1035 921 805 1670 1906 1901 1901 1901 1670 495 101 1
921 471 1035 921 805 1670
preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred
Absorption Abuse Accelerant Acceptable Acceptable Entry
Conditions Acceptance Acceptance Tests Acceptance Tests Acceptance
Tests Accepted Engineering Practices Acceptor Accesible Means of
Egress Access Box Access Door
1906, 1901, 1912, preferred 1925 1925 1901, 1906 1912 1670 495
101B 1 secondary preferred secondary preferred preferred secondary
preferred
80
80
preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Access Floor System Definition An
assembly consisting of panels mounted on pedestals to provide an
under-floor space for the installations of mechanical, electrical
communication, or similar systems or to serve as an air supply or
return-air plenum. A closure device used to cover an opening into a
duct, an enclosure, equipment, or an appurtenance. Capable of being
reached for inspection, maintenance, or removal without disturbing
the permanent hull structure. (as applied to wiring methods).
Capable of being removed or exposed without damaging the building
structure or finish, or not permanently closed in by the structure
or finish of the building. Responsible Document 318 Code/Standard
using Definition 318 Status
preferred
Access Panel Accessible Accessible
96 54
96 302, 1925
preferred secondary
70
70, 73
preferred
(as applied to equipment). Admitting close approach; not guarded
by locked doors, elevation, or other effective means. Accessible
Having access to but which first may require the removal of a
panel, door, or similar covering of the item described. Accessible
(Accessibility) A site, building, facility, or portion thereof that
complies with this Code. Accessible Area of Refuge Accessible Area
of Refuge Accessible (as applied to wiring methods) Accessible
Emission Limit (AEL) Accessible (for Inspections) Accessible Means
of Egress Accessible Route (Accessibility) Accessories An area of
refuge that complies with the accessible route requirements of
ICC/ANSI A117.1, American National Standard for Accessible and
Usable Buildings and Facilities. An area of refuge that complies
with the accessible route requirements of ICC/ANSI A117.1. Capable
of being removed or exposed without damaging the building structure
or finish, or not permanently closed in by the structure or finish
of the building. The maximum accessible emission level permitted
within a particular class. (ANSI Z136.1; 21 CFR 1040.10) Capable of
being exposed for inspection, maintenance, or repair without damage
to the chimney or building structure or finish, but which may
require the removal of doors, panels, or coverings using commonly
available tools. A means of egress that provides an accessible
route to an area of refuge, a horizontal exit, or a public way. A
continuous unobstructed path that complies with this Code and
ICC/ANSI A117.1. Those nonprimary protective items and equipment
that are carried on the person of the wildland fire fighter in such
a manner that they are located outside of the protective garments.
These items include, but are not limited to, utility belts and
harnesses, backpacks, radio packs, goggles, chain-saw chaps, fire
shelter packs, and over-the-ear hearing protective devices but
exclude closure devices. Those items that are attached to a
proximity protective ensemble element but designed in such a manner
to be removable from the proximity protective ensemble element and
that are not necessary to meet the requirements of this standard.
An item, or items, that are attached to the certified product that
are not necessary to meet the requirements of the standard. Those
items that are attached to PASS but that are not necessary to meet
the requirements of this standard. Those items that are attached to
the rescue tool (RT) or RTS but are not necessary for the RT or RTS
to meet the requirements of this standard. Such accessories
include, but are not limited to, chain, cable, hook-end connectors,
U-end connectors, and wide surface tip plates. Those items that are
attached to a protective ensemble element but designed in such a
manner to be removable from the proximity protective ensemble
element and that are not necessary to meet the requirements of this
standard. Those items that are attached to a vapor-protective
ensemble that are not necessary to meet the requirements of this
standard. Such accessories include, but are not limited to,
harnesses, cooling systems, and communications devices. Those items
that are attached to a liquid splash-protective ensemble that are
not necessary to meet the requirements of this standard. Such
accessories include, but are not limited to, harnesses, cooling
systems, and communications devices. Those items that are attached
to an ensemble or ensemble element but designed in such a manner to
be removable from the ensemble or the element and that are not
necessary to meet the requirements of the standard. Such
accessories include, but are not limited to, utility belts,
harnesses, backpacks, tools, tool packs, radios, radio packs,
suspenders, lights, and heat sensing devices. An item, or items,
that are attached to the certified product that are not necessary
to meet the requirements of the standard.
Accessible
70E 54 5000 5000 5000 70 115
70, 79, 70E 54, 1192, 97 5000 101 5000 70E 115
preferred preferred preferred secondary preferred preferred
preferred
211
211
preferred
5000 5000
5000, 101 5000
preferred preferred
1971
1977
secondary
Accessories
1971
1971
preferred
Accessories Accessories Accessories
1971 1971
1999 1982
secondary secondary
1971
1936
secondary
Accessories
1971
1976
preferred
Accessories
1971
1991
preferred
Accessories
1971
1992
preferred
Accessories
1971
1851
secondary
Accessory
1981
1981
preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Accessory Accessory Building
Accessory Structure Accident Definition An item that can be
provided with an RPED that does not affect its ability to meet the
requirements of this standard. Any building or structure used
incidentally to another building or structure. Any structure used
incidentally to another structure. An unplanned event that
interrupts an activity and sometimes causes injury or damage. A
chance occurrence arising from unknown causes; an unexpected
happening due to carelessness, ignorance, and the like. Any
unexpected event that interrupts or interferes with the orderly
progress of fire department operations and can include personal
injury or property damage. A group of accommodation spaces and
interconnecting corridors or spaces. Spaces designed for living
purposes. Space on a marine vessel that has been designed for
living purposes. Responsible Document 180 5000 1144 921
Code/Standard using Definition 180 5000 1144 921 Status preferred
preferred preferred preferred
Accident Accommodation Area Accommodation Space Accommodation
Space
921 301 302 302 302 1925 1925 550 1561
1521 301 302 52 57 1405 1925 550 1561
secondary preferred preferred secondary secondary secondary
preferred preferred preferred
Accommodation Space Space on a marine vessel designed for living
purposes. Accommodation Spaces Spaces designed for living purposes
for occupants of a vessel. Accommodation Spaces Spaces designed for
human occupancy as living spaces for persons aboard a vessel.
Accomplish by Eliminate, limit, control, or accomplish other
actions referenced in the Fire Safety Administrative Action
Concepts Tree. Accountability Accredit A system or process to track
resources at an incident scene. To give official authorization to
or to approve a process or procedure, to recognize as conforming to
a standard, and to recognize an entity (e.g., an educational
institution) as maintaining standards that qualify its graduates
for admission to higher or more specialized institutions or for
professional practice. An approved, third-party organization that
is independent of the grading and inspection agencies, and the
lumber mills, and that initially accredits and subsequently
monitors, on a continuing basis, the competency and performance of
a grading or inspection agency related to carrying out specific
tasks.
1000
1000
preferred
Accreditation Body
5000
5000
preferred
Accreditation Body
An independent, third-party organization that determines the
qualification of laboratories to conduct testing as required by
this standard. Accreditation/Accredited A system whereby a
certification organization determines that a laboratory has
demonstrated the ability to conduct tests in an accurate and
precise manner consistent with the requirements of this standard,
accepts the laboratory's test data, and continues to monitor
laboratory practices to ensure accurate and precise testing
consistent with the requirements of this standard.
Accreditation/Accredited A program by which an accreditation body
determines that a laboratory has demonstrated the ability to
conduct testing as required by this standard. Accrediting Body A
voluntary, nongovernmental association that administers accrediting
procedures for entities that certify individuals to fire service
professional qualifications standards. Accumulator Accumulator
Charge Valve Acetylene Operations ACFM Acid Dew Point Acknowledge
Acoustic Emission Testing Acquired Building Acquired Prop Activated
Carbon A container or piping that holds a predetermined volume of
fuel that is ready for use in a flame effect. A valve used to
control the flow of fuel into an accumulator. Includes acetylene
generation, storage, purification, compression, cylinder filling,
cylinder storage, and calcium carbide storage. Actual cubic feet
per minute. The temperature below which sulfuric acid in the
combustion products will condense on exposed surfaces. To confirm
that a message or signal has been received, such as by the pressing
of a button or the selection of a software command. A method of
nondestructive testing (NDT) that utilizes acoustic or sound waves.
A structure acquired by the authority having jurisdiction from a
property owner for the purpose of conducting live fire training
evolutions. A piece of equipment such as an automobile that was not
designed for burning but is used for live fire training evolutions.
Adsorptive carbon particles or granules usually obtained by heating
carbonaceous material in the absence of air or in steam and
possessing a high capacity to selectively remove trace and soluble
components from solution. A microbial mass grown in aeration tanks,
subsequently separated from treated wastewater by sedimentation,
and wasted or returned to the process as needed.
5000
1989
secondary
2112
2112
preferred
2112 1000 160 160 51A 99 31 72 1914 1403 1403
1989 1000 160 160 51A 99 31 72 1914 1403 1403
secondary preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred
preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred
820
820
preferred
Activated Sludge
820
820
preferred
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Activation Energy Definition
Responsible Document 53 99 Code/Standard using Definition 53 99
Status preferred preferred
The minimum energy that colliding fuel and oxygen molecules must
possess to permit chemical interaction. Active Electrode An
electrode intended to generate a surgical or physiological effect
at its point of application to the patient. Active Horizontal
Angles The angles, measured in a horizontal plane passing through
the optical center of the of Light Emission optical source, as
specified by the manufacturer of the optical device, between which
the optical source contributes optical power. Active Leaf Active
Multiplex System The first operating door of a pair, which is
usually the door in which a lock is installed. A multiplexing
system in which signaling devices such as transponders are employed
to transmit status signals of each initiating device or initiating
device circuit within a prescribed time interval so that the lack
of receipt of such a signal can be interpreted as a trouble
signal.
1901 80
1901, 1906 80
preferred preferred
72
72
preferred
Active Search Measures This phase of search measures includes
those that are formalized and coordinated with other agencies.
Active Sub-slab A system designed to achieve lower sub-slab air
pressure relative to indoor air pressure Depressurization System by
use of a fan-powered vent drawing air from beneath the slab.
Activity Actual Response Time Actual Start of Construction (Flood
Resistance) A component of a public fire and life safety education
program. The total period of time measured from the time of an
alarm until the first ARFF vehicle arrives at the scene of an
aircraft accident and is in position to apply agent. For all
matters related to flood-resistant design and construction, the
first placement of permanent construction of a building (including
a manufactured home) on a site, such as the pouring of a slab or
footings, installation of pilings, or construction of columns.
Permanent construction does not include land preparation (such as
clearing, excavation, grading, or filling); or the installation of
streets and walkways; or the excavation for a basement, footings,
piers, or foundations; or the erection of temporary forms; or the
installation of accessory buildings such as garages or sheds not
occupied as dwelling units and not part of the main building. For a
substantial improvement, the actual start of construction means the
first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural
part of the building, whether or not that alteration affects the
exterior dimensions of the building.
1006 5000 1035 403
1006 5000 1035 403
preferred preferred preferred preferred
5000
5000
preferred
An excess-flow valve for liquid withdrawal applications that
remains in a closed position Actuated Liquid Withdrawal Excess-Flow
until actuated by a pipe nipple or adapter, as recommended by the
manufacturer, and that is used with a shutoff valve attached to the
actuator. Valve Actuator Adapter The part of the actuating system
to which an external actuating force is applied. Any device that
allows fire hose couplings to be safely interconnected with
couplings of different sizes, threads, or mating surfaces, or that
allows fire hose couplings to be safely connected to other
appliances. The conversion or functional change of a building from
the purpose or use for which it was originally constructed or
designed. A use for a building other than that for which the
structure was originally designed or intended. An extension or
increase in the floor area or height of a building or structure. An
increase in building area, aggregate floor area, height or number
of stories of a structure. A liquid such as foam concentrates,
emulsifiers, and hazardous vapor suppression liquids and foaming
agents intended to be injected into the water stream at or above
the water pressure. Any chemical or mixture of chemicals
intentionally introduced into the system. Additive proportioning is
the method (such as premix, metered, or balanced pressure) used for
the introduction of an additive or additive mixture at the
recommended percent ratio into the water system. A pump that is
used to inject additives into the water stream. A fire alarm system
component with discrete identification that can have its status
individually identified or that is used to individually control
other functions. A system that transmits a specific alert to a
specific location or public alerting appliance or to multiple
specific locations or appliances. A water supply that is sufficient
every day of the year to control and extinguish anticipated fires
in the municipality, particular building, or building group served
by the t l A ventilation rate that affords either 6 air changes per
hour, of 1 cfm per square foot of floor area, or other similar
criteria that prevent the accumulation of significant quantities of
vapor-air concentrations from exceeding 25 percent of the lower
flammable liquid. Adiabatic Heating The heating of a gas caused by
its compression.
58 79 1963
58 79 1963
preferred preferred preferred
Adaptive Reuse Adaptive Use Addition Addition Additive
909 914 5000 5000
909, 914 909 909, 914 5000, 101, 1
preferred preferred preferred preferred
20 20 750 20 72 1221 1142
20 750 750 20 72 1221 1142
preferred secondary preferred preferred preferred preferred
preferred
Additive Additive Proportioning
Additive Pump Addressable Device Addressable Public Alerting
System (APAS) Adequate and Reliable Water Supply Adequate
Ventilation
497 99
497 99, 99B
preferred preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Adjacent Adjacent Spaces Adjacent
Spaces Definition Sharing a common wall, partition, or barrier.
Those spaces in all directions from subject space, including all
points of contact, corners, diagonals, decks, tank tops, and
bulkheads. Those spaces in all directions from subject space,
including points of contact, internal and external, such as decks,
sumps, floating roofs, secondary containment areas, interstitial
spaces, under floors, supports, tank tops, and bulkheads.
Responsible Document 820 326 Code/Standard using Definition 820 306
Status preferred secondary
326
35, 326
preferred
Adjust
To maintain or regulate, within prescribed limits, by setting
the operating characteristics to specified parameters. Adjustable
(as applied to A qualifying term indicating that the circuit
breaker can be set to trip at various values of circuit breakers)
current, time, or both, within a predetermined range. Adjustable
Speed Drives An electrical device or group of electrical devices
that alters the drive motor output speed over a range in a
controlled manner. Adjustable, Spring-Type, A regulator in which
the regulating force acting on the diaphragm is derived principally
Limited Adjustment Gas from a spring, the loading of which is
adjustable over a range of not more than 249 Pa Pressure Regulator
(1.0 in.) water outlet pressure. Adjustable, Spring-Type, A
regulator in which the regulating force acting on the diaphragm is
derived principally Standard Adjustment from a spring, the loading
of which is adjustable. Gas Pressure Regulator Adjusted Minimum The
minimum design quantity of agent that has been adjusted in
consideration of design Design Quantity (AMDQ) factors. Adjusted
Shear Resistance Adjusting Device Administrative Area The
unadjusted shear resistance multiplied by the shear resistance
adjustment factors. An auxiliary equipment system component; a
connector device that allows adjustment to be made to a piece of
equipment. These areas typically include general offices (i.e.,
administrative, accounting, engineering), mail rooms, cafeterias,
and customer service operation center types of working
environments. Regulations promulgated by the regulatory agency for
administration and enforcement of the provisions of this standard.
A court exercising jurisdiciton over maritime cases. The process in
which a sorbate (hazardous liquid) interacts with a solid sorbent
surface. The thorough cleaning of ensembles or elements by washing
with cleaning agents. Emergency medical treatment beyond basic life
support level as defined by the medical authority having
jurisdiction. Functional provision of advanced airway management,
including intubation, advanced cardiac monitoring, manual
defibrillation, establishment and maintenance of intravenous
access, and drug therapy. Functional provision of advanced airway
management including intubation, advanced cardiac monitoring,
manual defibrillation, establishment and maintenance of intravenous
access, and drug therapy. ALWRs are next generation light water
reactors. Any physical, chemical, or biological treatment process
used to accomplish a degree of treatment greater than that achieved
by secondary treatment. Any condition occurring in a communications
or transmission channel that interferes with the proper
transmission or interpretation, or both, of status change signals
at the supervising station. A room or area with controlled
temperature or airflow where ethylene oxide sterilized products are
held initially for offgassing. A fire apparatus with a permanently
mounted, power-operated elevating device, including aerial ladders,
aerial ladder platforms, telescoping aerial platforms, articulating
aerial platforms, and elevating water delivery systems. An aerial
ladder, elevating platform, aerial ladder platform, or water tower
that is designed to position personnel, handle materials, provide
continuous egress, or di h t An aerial ladder, elevating platform,
or water tower that is designed to position personnel, handle
materials, provide continuous egress, or discharge water. Aerial
Device Override The takeover of all aerial device movement control
functions by an operator at a second control station.
1915 70 79
1915 70 79
preferred preferred preferred
97
97
preferred
97
97
preferred
2001 5000 1983
2001 5000 1983
preferred preferred preferred
76
76
preferred
Administrative Regulations Admiralty Law/Maritime Law Adsorption
Advanced Cleaning Advanced Life Support (ALS) Advanced Life Support
(ALS) Advanced Life Support (ALS) (EMS) Advanced Light Water
Reactors (ALWRs) Advanced (Tertiary) Wastewater Treatment Adverse
Condition
501 1405 471 1851 1500
501 1405 471 1851 1500, 473, 1584
preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred
1500
1710
secondary
1720
1720
preferred
804 820
804 820
preferred preferred
72
72
preferred
Aeration Room Aerial Apparatus
560
560
preferred
1002
1002
preferred
Aerial Device Aerial Device
1901 1901 1901
1901, 1500, 1002, preferred 1071, 1912 1914 1901 secondary
preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Aerial Fire Apparatus Definition A
vehicle equipped with an aerial ladder, elevating platform, aerial
ladder platform, or water tower that is designed and equipped to
support fire fighting and rescue operations by positioning
personnel, handling materials, providing continuous egress, or
discharging water at positions elevated from the ground. A vehicle
that is equipped with an aerial ladder, an elevating platform, an
aerial ladder platform or a water tower and that is designed and
equipped to support fire-fighting and rescue operations by
providing for positioning of personnel, handling of materials,
continuous egress, or discharging of water at positions elevated
from the ground. A self-supporting, turntable-mounted,
power-operated ladder of two or more sections permanently attached
to a self-propelled automotive fire apparatus and designed to
provide a continuous egress route from an elevated position to the
ground. A type of aerial device that combines an elevating platform
with the continuous egress capabilities of an aerial ladder. The
structural members of the aerial ladder consisting of the base and
fly sections. The fire apparatus driver who has met the
requirements of Chapter 4 for the operation of apparatus equipped
with aerial devices. Usually a cylindrical or spherical cartridge
containing pyrotechnic material, a long fuse or electric match
wires, and a black powder lift charge. Usually a cylindrical or
spherical cartridge containing pyrotechnic composition, a long fuse
or electric match wires, and a black powder lift charge. An
unmanned flying device including the category of model or high
power rocket as defined in this section. A product that is
dispensed from an aerosol container by a propellant. An intimate
mixture of a liquid or a solid in a gas; the liquid or solid,
called the dispersed phase, is uniformly distributed in a finely
divided state throughout the gas, which is the continuous phase or
dispersing medium. A metal can, up to a maximum size of 33.8 fl oz
(1000 ml), or a glass or plastic bottle, up to a maximum size of 4
fl oz (118 ml), that is designed and intended to dispense an
aerosol. The liquefied or compressed gas that expels the contents
from an aerosol container when the valve is actuated. A propellant
is considered flammable if it forms a flammable mixture with air or
if a flame is self-propagating in a mixture of the propellant and
air. A detached building or a separate portion of a building used
for the storage, shipping, and receiving of aerosol products. The
direction toward the stern of the vessel. The length of time for
which a material, component, or chemical-protective suit continues
to burn after the simulated chemical flash fire has ended. Any
federal, tribal, provincial, state, or local entity that has legal
authority to organize and direct a fire-fighting service. The
organization legally established and authorized to operate a
facility. A division of government with a specific function or a
nongovernmental organization (e.g., private business) that offers a
particular kind of assistance. A qualified company or individual
assigned to execute the specific tests, inspections, or
observations required by the quality assurance program. The portion
of agent in an agent-air mixture expressed in volume percent. Fire
extinguishing agents, such as dry chemicals, dry powders, carbon
dioxide, halon, and other such non-water-based agents. A
characteristic of coal that causes coking on the fuel bed during
volatilization. Tread designed to provide maximum traction for all
types of surfaces, including sand, mud, snow, ice, and hard
surfaces, wet or dry. A building located on agricultural property
used for sheltering farm implements, hay, grain, livestock, or
other farm produce or equipment in which there is no human
habitation and that is not used by the public. Any finely divided
solid agricultural material 420 microns or smaller in diameter
(material passing a U.S. No. 40 standard sieve) that presents a
fire or explosion hazard when dispersed and ignited in air. A UK
agency that is responsible for investigating and determining the
probable cause of all British aircraft accidents. A quantity of
air, provided through a fuel burner, equal to the volume of furnace
and boiler gas passes. Responsible Document Code/Standard using
Definition Status
1901
1901, 1912
preferred
Aerial Fire Apparatus
1901
1410
secondary
Aerial Ladder
1904
1914, 1901, 1912 preferred
Aerial Ladder Platform Aerial Ladder Sections Aerial Operator
Aerial Shell Aerial Shell Aero Model Aerosol Aerosol
1901 1914 1002 1126 1126 1127 30B 30B
1901, 1912 1914 1002 1126, 1124 1123 1125 30B, 5000, 1 99
preferred preferred preferred preferred secondary secondary
preferred secondary
Aerosol Container
30B
30B, 5000
preferred
Aerosol Propellant
30B
30B
preferred
Aerosol Warehouse After (Aft) Afterflame Time Agency Agency
Agency Agent Agent Concentration Agents, Specialized Agglomerating
Aggressive Tire Tread Agricultural Building
30B 1405 1991 502 502 502 5000 2001 600 85 414
30B 1405 1991, 1992 1051 502 295 5000 2001 600, 601 85 414
preferred preferred preferred secondary preferred secondary
preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred
5000
5000
preferred
Agricultural Dust
61
61, 5000
preferred
Air Accident Investigations Branch (AAIB) Air Change
402
402
preferred
97
97
preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Air Change Air Cleaner Air
Conditioning Air Conditioning Air Conditioning Return System Air
Conditioning Supply System Air Connector Air Control Panel
Definition A quantity of air, provided through the burner, that is
equal to the volume of furnace and boiler gas passes. A device used
to reduce or remove airborne solids from heating, ventilating, and
airconditioning systems by electrostatic means. The treatment of
air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity,
cleanness, and distribution to meet the requirements of a
conditioned space. The treatment of air to control simultaneously
its temperature, humidity, purity, and distribution to meet the
needs of a conditioned space. An assembly of connected ducts, air
passages or plenums, and fittings through which air from the space
or spaces to be conditioned is conducted back to the cooling or
heating unit. An assembly of connected ducts, air passages or
plenums, and fittings through which conditioned air is conducted
from the cooling or heating unit to the space or spaces to be
conditioned. A conduit for transferring air between an air duct or
plenum and an air terminal unit or an air inlet or air outlet. A
consolidated arrangement of valves, regulators, gauges, and air
system piping at a location that allows the operator to monitor and
control the airflow and pressure within the air system from a
centralized location. A continuous passageway for the transmission
of air that, in addition to air ducts, can include air connectors,
air duct fittings, dampers, plenums, fans, and accessory
airhandling equipment but that does not include conditioned spaces.
A conduit or passageway for conveying air to or from heating,
cooling, air conditioning, or ventilating equipment, but not
including the plenum. A material such as an adhesive, insulation,
banding, a coating(s), film, or a jacket used to cover the outside
surface of an air duct, fan casing, or duct plenum. A material such
as an adhesive, insulation, a coating(s), or film used to line the
inside surface of an air duct, fan casing, or duct plenum. A fan
used to withdraw air from an affected area. Fire Hazard
Classification. A device used to reduce or remove airborne solids
from heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems. An
indirect-fired appliance intended to supply heated air for space
heating and other purposes, but not intended for permanent
installation. Any opening through which air is removed from a space
and returned to an air distribution system. A valve used for
letting atmospheric air into a vacuum system. The valve also is
called a vacuum breaker. An opening in a buildings envelope whose
purpose is to allow outside air to be drawn into the structure to
replace inside air that is removed by exhaust systems or to improve
the quality of the inside air by providing a source of air having a
lower concentration of odors, suspended particles, or heating
content. A mixer using the kinetic energy of a stream of air
issuing from an orifice to entrain the gas necessary for
combustion. In some cases, this type of mixer is designed to
entrain some of the air for combustion as well as gas. A mixer
using the kinetic energy of a stream of air issuing from an orifice
to entrain the fuel gas required for combustion. In some cases,
this type of mixer can be designed to entrain some of the air for
combustion as well as the fuel gas. Any opening through which air
is delivered to a space from an air distribution system. Equipment
and devices used for the purpose of cleaning air passing through
them or by them in such a manner as to reduce or remove the
impurities contained therein. Responsible Document 97 90A 97 97
Code/Standard using Definition 85 90A 54 97 Status secondary
preferred secondary preferred
97
97
preferred
97
97
preferred
90A
90A
preferred
1901
1901
preferred
Air Distribution System
90A
90A
preferred
Air Duct Air Duct Covering Air Duct Lining Air Exhauster Air
Filter Air Filter Air Heater Air Inlet Air Inlet Valve Air
Intakes
97 90A 90A 97 97 90A 31 90A 86
97, 90A 90A 90A 97 97 90A, 90B 31, 97 90A 86
preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred
preferred preferred preferred
96
96
preferred
Air Jet GasAir Mixer
97
97
preferred
Air Jet Mixer
86 90A 96
86 90A 96
preferred preferred preferred
Air Outlet Air Pollution Control Devices
Air Purifying Respiratory An air purifying respirator used to
protect a person while escaping from a fire by Protective Escape
removing certain contaminates of fire-generated products of
combustion from the inhaled Device (RPED) air. Air Quality Monitors
Air, Reaction Instruments that monitor the air for such elements as
carbon monoxide levels, moisture levels, and percent of oxygen. All
the air that, when reacted with gas in an endothermic generator by
the indirect addition of heat, becomes a special atmosphere
gas.
180
180
preferred
1901 86
1901 86
preferred preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Air SamplingType Detector Definition
A detector that consists of a piping or tubing distribution network
that runs from the detector to the area(s) to be protected. An
aspiration fan in the detector housing draws air from the protected
area back to the detector through air sampling ports, piping, or
tubing. At the detector, the air is analyzed for fire products. Air
supplied to any device at a significantly higher pressure than the
surrounding air for the specified purpose of excluding
contamination by the surrounding atmosphere. An adjustable device
for varying the size of the air inlet(s) regulating primary or
secondary air. An adjustable device for varying the size of the
primary air inlet(s). The space below a raised floor or above a
suspended ceiling used to circulate environmental air within the
information technology equipment room/information technology
equipment area. A storage vessel meeting the requirements of either
U. S. Department of Transportation (DOT) or American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and used to store an accumulation of
air under pressure. A strike termination device that is essentially
a point receptor for attachment of flashes to the lightning
protection system and is listed for the purpose. Typical air
terminals are formed of a tube or solid rod. Air terminals are
sometimes called lightning rods. An appliance receiving,
conditioning, and delivering air supplied through an air
distribution system. A service established to provide air and
ground traffic control for airports. (This includes airport control
tower and airport flight information services.) The process of
transferring air from one SCBA cylinder to another SCBA cylinder of
the same rated pressure capacity by connecting them together with
properly designed fittings and a high-pressure transfer line. An
opening designed to allow the movement of environmental air between
two contiguous spaces. The horizontal distance through the fill
measured just below the distribution basin. A vehicle used to
supply breathing air either to refill self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA) or to supply respirators directly through hose
lines. The passing of undiluted air (air not containing flammable
vapors or inert gases) through an aircraft tank in order to render
the atmosphere of the tank more suitable for human occupancy and to
reduce the amount of flammable vapors in the tank to below the
lower explosive limit of the fuel vapors involved. It is recognized
that, at some time during and possibly after air ventilation, the
tank may contain a flammable vaporair mixture. During such periods,
a fire and explosion hazard exists that requires the elimination of
ignition sources within the vapor-hazardous areas. That portion of
supply air that comes from the outside/outdoors plus any
recirculated air that has been treated and is acceptable for use by
the power plant ventilation system. Responsible Document
Code/Standard using Definition Status
72
72, 1
preferred
Air Seal Air Shutter Air Shutter Air Space
97 97 97 75
97 97 54 75
preferred preferred secondary preferred
Air Tank
1901
1901
preferred
Air Terminal
780
780
preferred
Air Terminal Unit Air Traffic Control Provider Air Transfer
90A 424
90A 424
preferred preferred
1500
1500
preferred
Air Transfer Opening Air Travel Air Truck Air Ventilation
90A 214 1901
90A 214 1901
preferred preferred preferred
410
410
preferred
Air Ventilation
853 11 11 11
853 11 11 11
preferred preferred preferred preferred
Air-Aspirating Discharge These devices are specially designed to
aspirate and mix air into the foam solution to Devices generate
foam. The foam then is discharged in a specific designed pattern.
Air-Aspirating Discharge Devices Air-Aspirating Discharge Devices
Air-Conditioning or Comfort-Cooling Equipment Air-Cushioned Vehicle
(ACV) Air-Fuel Gas Mixer Air-Inflated Structure These devices are
specially designed to aspirate and mix air into the foam solution
to generate foam. The foam then is discharged in a specific
designed pattern. These devices are specially designed to aspirate
and mix air into the foam solution to generate foam. The foam then
is discharged in a specific designed pattern. All of that equipment
intended or installed for the purpose of processing the treatment
of air so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity,
cleanliness, and distribution to meet the requirements of the
conditioned space. A vehicle that can travel on land and water. A
system that combines air and fuel gas in the proper proportion for
combustion. A structure whose shape is maintained by air pressure
in cells or tubes forming all or part of the enclosure of the
usable area. Occupants of such a structure do not occupy the
pressurized area used to support the structure. A structure whose
shape is maintained by air pressure in cells or tubes forming all
or part of the enclosure of the usable area and in which the
occupants are not within the pressurized area used to support the
structure. Any device designed to separate the conveying air from
the material being conveyed. Brakes in which the force from an
individual air chamber is applied directly to the friction surfaces
through a mechanical linkage.
70 402 86 5000
70 402 86 102
preferred preferred preferred secondary
Air-Inflated Structure
5000
101, 5000
preferred
Air-Material Separator (AMS) Air-Mechanical Brakes
654 414
654 414
preferred preferred
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Definition Responsible Document 654
414 1404 85 5000 5000 102 102 Code/Standard using Definition 654,
91 414 1404 85 502 5000 102 101 Status preferred preferred
preferred preferred secondary preferred preferred secondary
Air-Moving Device (AMD) A power-driven fan, blower, or other
device that establishes an airflow by moving a volume of air per
unit time. Air-Over-Hydraulic Brakes in which the force of a master
air cylinder is applied to the friction surfaces Brakes through an
intervening hydraulic system. Air-Purifying Respirator A respirator
with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes
specific air (APR) contaminates by passing ambient air through the
air-purifying element. Air-Rich Air-Right Structure Air-Right
Structure Air-Supported Structure Air-Supported Structure Airborne
Emergency A ratio of air to fuel supplied to a combustion chamber
that provides more than the minimum excess air needed for optimum
combustion of the fuel. A structure that is built over a roadway
using the roadways air rights. A structure other than a skywalk
bridge that is built over a roadway using the roadway's air rights.
A structure where shape is maintained by air pressure and occupants
of the structure are within the elevated pressure area. A structure
whose shape is maintained by air pressure and in which occupants
are within the elevated pressure area. Those emergencies that
affect the operational integrity of an aircraft while in flight.
The seriousness of these emergencies can be defined by using alert
status guidelines stated in FAA terms, and aircraft emergencies for
which services may be required, as defined in International Civil
Aviation Organization Airport Services Manual, Part 1, "Rescue and
Fire Fighting." Microorganisms such as a bacteria, virus, or fungus
that is capable of causing disease.* Pathogens, Airborne.
Microorganisms that can produce infection and/or cause disease in
humans after being inhaled through the nose or mouth. A pyrotechnic
device that is suspended in the air to simulate outdoor aerial
fireworks shells without producing hazardous debris. A vehicle
designed for flight that is powered by liquid petroleum fuel. Any
opening through which any portion of the aircraft is passed to gain
entry to the hangar. An occurrence associated with the operation of
an aircraft that takes place between the time any person boards the
aircraft with the intention of flight and until all such persons
have disembarked and in which any person suffers death or serious
injury or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage. An
occurrence during the operation of an aircraft in which any person
involved suffers death or serious injury or in which the aircraft
receives substantial damage. An occurrence associated with the
operation of an aircraft that takes place between the time a person
boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and the time such
person has disembarked, in which a person suffers death or serious
injury as a result of the occurrence or in which the aircraft
receives substantial damage. This term is used to describe the
process of forecasting all factors that could possibly exist
involving an aircraft accident that could bear upon the existing
emergency resources. A pre-incident plan should define the
emergency organizational authority and the responsibilities of all
those involved. A system onboard air-craft to provide breathing
oxygen to occupants of aircraft. Testing of the emergency plan and
review of the results in order to improve the effectiveness of the
plan. Refers to the knowledge of vital information that rescue and
fire-fighting personnel should learn and retain with regard to the
specific types of aircraft that normally use the airport and other
aircraft that might use the airport due to weather conditions at
scheduled destinations. The control or extinguishment of fire
adjacent to or involving an aircraft following ground
accidents/incidents. Aircraft fire fighting does not include the
control or extinguishment of airborne fires in aircraft. The
transfer of fuel into or from an aircraft.
424
424
preferred
Airborne Pathogens
1581
1581
preferred
Airburst Aircraft Aircraft Access Door Aircraft Accident
1126 407 409
1126, 1124 407 409
preferred preferred preferred
403
403, 405, 1003
preferred
Aircraft Accident Aircraft Accident
403
402
secondary
403
424
secondary
Aircraft Accident PreIncident Planning
402
402
preferred
Aircraft BreathingOxygen System Aircraft Emergency Exercise
Aircraft Familiarization
410 424
410 424
preferred preferred
402
402
preferred
Aircraft Fire Fighting
402 407 407
402, 403 407 407
preferred preferred preferred
Aircraft Fuel Servicing
Aircraft Fuel Servicing A vehicle equipped with facilities to
transfer fuel between a fuel hydrant and an aircraft. Hydrant
Vehicle (Hydrant Vehicle) Aircraft Fuel Servicing Ramp or Apron
Aircraft Fuel Servicing Tank Vehicle (Fueler) An area or position
at an airport used for the fuel servicing of aircraft. A vehicle
having a cargo tank (tank truck, tank full trailer, tank
semitrailer) designed for or used in the transportation and
transfer of fuel into or from an aircraft.
407 407
407 407
preferred preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Aircraft Fueling Ramp Aircraft
Fueling Vehicle Aircraft Hand Portable Fire Extinguisher Aircraft
Hangar Aircraft Incident Definition Any outdoor area at an airport,
including aprons and hardstands, where aircraft are normally fueled
or defueled. A fuel servicing hydrant vehicle, hydrant cart, or an
aircraft fuel servicing tank vehicle. An approved, portable device
that is carried and operated by hand and con-tains an extinguishing
agent that can be expelled under pressure for the purpose of
suppressing or extinguishing fire. A building or other structure
inside any part of which aircraft are housed or stored, and in
which aircraft might undergo service, repairs, or alterations. An
occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation
of an aircraft, that affects or could affect continued safe
operation if not corrected. An incident does not result in serious
injury to persons or substantial damage to aircraft. An occurrence,
other than an accident, that is associated with the operation of an
aircraft and that affects or could affect continued safe operation
if not corrected, but one that does not result in serious injury to
persons or substantial damage to the aircraft. An occurrence, other
than an accident, that is associated with the operation of an
aircraft and affects or could affect continued safe operation if
not corrected but does not result in serious injury to persons or
substantial damage to aircraft. Responsible Document 415 407 408
Code/Standard using Definition 415 407 408 Status preferred
preferred preferred
409
409
preferred
402
402, 403, 424
preferred
Aircraft Incident
402
405
secondary
Aircraft Incident
402
1003
secondary
Aircraft Loading Walkway An aboveground device through which
passengers move between a point in an airport terminal building and
an aircraft. Included in this category are walkways that are
essentially fixed and permanently placed, or walkways that are
essentially mobile in nature and that fold, telescope, or pivot
from a fixed point at the airport terminal building. Aircraft
Operator Aircraft Overhaul Aircraft Rescue A person, organization,
or enterprise engaged in, or offering to engage in, aircraft
operation. The major disassembly, inspection, repair, and
reassembly of aircraft. The fire fighting action taken to prevent,
control, or extinguish fire involving or adjacent to an aircraft
for the purpose of maintaining maximum fuselage integrity and an
escape area for its occupants. Rescue and fire fighting personnel,
to the extent possible, will assist in the evacuation of the
aircraft using normal and emergency means of egress. Additionally,
rescue and fire fighting personnel will, by whatever means
necessary, and to the extent possible, enter the aircraft and
provide all possible assistance in the evacuation of the
occupants.
415
415
preferred
424 410
424 410
preferred preferred
403
403
preferred
Aircraft Rescue and Fire The fire-fighting actions, performed
both inside and outside of aircraft, that are taken to Fighting
rescue persons and to control or extinguish fire involving or
adjacent to aircraft on the ground. Aircraft Rescue and Fire
Fighting Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) The fire-fighting
actions taken to rescue persons and to control or extinguish fire
involving or adjacent to aircraft on the ground. The fire fighting
action taken to prevent, control, or extinguish fire involved or
adjacent to an aircraft for the purpose of maintaining maximum
escape routes for occupants using normal and emergency routes for
egress. Additionally, ARFF personnel will enter the aircraft to
provide assistance to the extent possible in the evacuation of the
occupants. Although life safety is primary to ARFF personnel,
responsibilities such as fuselage integrity and salvage should be
maintained to the extent possible.
1500
1971
secondary
1500
1710, 1500
preferred
1500
402
secondary
Aircraft Rescue and Fire- A vehicle intended to carry rescue and
fire-fighting equipment for rescuing occupants and Fighting Vehicle
(ARFF) combating fires in aircraft at, or in the vicinity of, an
airport. Aircraft Storage and Servicing Area Airline Coordinator
That part of a hangar normally used for the storage and servicing
of one or more aircraft, not including any adjacent or contiguous
areas or structures, such as shops, storage areas, and offices.
1002
1002, 1710
preferred
409
409
preferred
A representative authority delegated by an airline to represent
its interests during an emergency covered by this guide. Airport
(Aerodrome) An area on land or water that is used or intended to be
used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft and includes buildings
and facilities. Airport Air Traffic Control A service established
to provide air and ground traffic control for airports. (ATC)
Airport Familiarization Refers to the knowledge that rescue and
fire-fighting personnel must maintain relative to locations,
routes, and conditions that will enable them to respond quickly and
efficiently to emergencies on the airport and those areas
surrounding the airport. Airport Fire Chief Airport Fire Department
Personnel The individual normally having operational control over
the airport's aircraft rescue and fire-fighting personnel and
equipment, or a designated assistant. Personnel under the
operational jurisdiction of the chief of the airport fire
department assigned to aircraft rescue and fire fighting.
424 402 403
424 402, 1 403, 402
preferred preferred preferred
402
402
preferred
403 403
403 403
preferred preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Airport Fire Fighter Definition The
Fire Fighter II who has demonstrated the skills and knowledge
necessary to function as an integral member of an aircraft rescue
and fire-fighting (ARFF) team as defined in Chapter 3. An
arrangment of aviation fuel storage tanks, pumps, piping, and
associated equipment, such as filters, water separators, hydrants
and station, or aircraft fuel servicing vehicles, installed at an
airport and designed to service aircraft at fixed positions.
Responsible Document 1003 Code/Standard using Definition 1003
Status
preferred
Airport Fueling System
407
407
preferred
Airport Loading Walkway An aboveground device through which
passengers move between a point in an airport terminal building and
an aircraft. Included in this category are walkways that are
essentially fixed and permanently placed, or walkways that are
essentially mobile in nature and that fold, telescope, or pivot
from a fixed point at the airport terminal building. Airport
Manager The individual having managerial responsibility for the
operation and safety of an airport. The manager may have
administrative control over aircraft rescue and fire fighting
services, but normally does not exercise authority over operational
fire and rescue matters. The individual having managerial
responsibility for the operation and safety of an airport. The
manager can have administrative control over aircraft rescue and
fire fighting services but normally does not exercise authority
over operational rescue and fire matters. Any outdoor area,
including aprons and hardstands, where aircraft can be positioned,
stored, serviced, or maintained, irrespective of the nature of the
surface of the area.
415
101
secondary
403
403
secondary
Airport Manager
403
424
preferred
Airport Ramp
415
415, 1
preferred
Airport Terminal Building A structure used primarily for air
passenger enplaning or deplaning, including ticket sales, flight
information, baggage handling, and other necessary functions in
connection with air transport operation. This term includes any
extensions and satellite buildings used for passenger handling or
aircraft service functions. Aircraft loading walkways and mobile
lounges are excluded. Airport/Community Emergency Plan Airside
(Airport Operational Area) Aisle Aisle Accessway Aisle Width Alarm
Alarm Alarm Alarm Alarm Alarm Alarm Alarm Receiving Facility Alarm
Service Alarm Signal Alarm Signal Alarm Signal Alarm Time
Establishment of procedures for coordinating the response of
airport services with other agencies in the surrounding community
that could be of assistance in responding to an emergency occurring
on, or in the vicinity of, the airport. The movement area of an
airport, adjacent terrain, and buildings or portions thereof,
access to which is controlled. An unenclosed path of travel that
forms part of the exit access and provides an open and unobstructed
path of egress travel to another aisle, a corridor, a vomitory, or
an exit. The initial portion of an exit access that leads to an
aisle. The horizontal dimension between the face of the loads in
racks under consideration. An audible or visible signal indicating
an off-standard or abnormal condition. A signal or message from a
person or device indicating the existence of a fire, medical
emergency, or other situation that requires fire department action.
A piece of equipment that generates a visual or audible signal that
attracts attention. A warning of fire danger. A functional mode in
which the PASS alarm signal is activated by hand. Any notification
made to the fire department that a situation exists or may exist
that requires a response. A warning of danger. The place where
alarm or supervisory signals are received. This can include
proprietary or remote locations, central station, or fire
departments. The service required following the receipt of an alarm
signal. A signal indicating an emergency that requires immediate
action, such as a signal indicative of fire. An audible warning
that is identifiable as an indication that a fire fighter or
emergency services person is in need of assistance. A signal
indicating a concentration of carbon monoxide that could pose a
risk to the life safety of the occupants in the family living unit,
and requiring immediate action. The point of receipt of the
emergency alarm at the public safety answering point to the point
where sufficient information is known to the dispatcher to deploy
applicable units to the emergency. A feature of automatic fire
detection and alarm systems to reduce unwanted alarms wherein smoke
detectors report alarm conditions for a minimum period of time, or
confirm alarm conditions within a given time period after being
reset, in order to be accepted as a valid alarm initiation signal.
Any device capable of providing audible, visual, or olfactory
indication.
415
415, 101, 1
preferred
424
424
preferred
424 5000 101 230 97 97 97 97 1982 97 97 25 72 72 72 720
424 5000
preferred preferred
101, 101B, 5000 preferred 230, 13 97, 85 preferred preferred
1221, 1710, 1720 secondary 496 72 1982 901 1 25 72 72, 1 1982
720 secondary secondary preferred secondary secondary preferred
preferred preferred secondary preferred
1710
1710
preferred
Alarm Verification Feature
72
72
preferred
Alarms and Indicators
12
12
preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Alcohol-Resistant Foam Definition
Used for fighting fires involving water soluble materials or fuels
that are destructive to other types of foams. Some
alcohol-resistant foams are capable of forming a vaporsuppressing,
aqueous film on the surface of hydrocarbon fuels. This concentrate
is used for fighting fires on water-soluble materials and other
fuels destructive to regular, AFFF, or FFFP foams, as well as for
fires involving hydrocarbons. There are three general types. One is
based on water-soluble natural polymers, such as protein or
fluoroprotein concentrates, and also contains alcohol-insoluble
materials that precipitate as an insoluble barrier in the bubble
structure. The second type is based on synthetic concentrates and
contains a gelling agent that surrounds the foam bubbles and forms
a protective raft on the surface of water-soluble fuels; these
foams can also have film-forming characteristics on hydrocarbon
fuels. The third type is based on both watersoluble natural
polymers, such as fluoroprotein, and contains a gelling agent that
protects the foam from water-soluble fuels. This foam can also have
film-forming and fluoroprotein characteristics on hydrocarbon
fuels. Alcohol-resistant foam concentrates are generally used in
concentrations of 3 percent to 10 percent solutions, depending on
the nature of the hazard to be protected and the type of
concentrate. An analog or digital signal containing instructions
for how a public alerting system alerting appliance (PASAA) is to
deliver and, if capable, to acknowledge a public alert. An
attention-getting signal to alert occupants of the pending
transmission of a voice message. To adjust components to bring
about optimum or desired performance. Potassium, sodium, lithium,
calcium, rubidium, cesium, and alloys of these metals. A vehicle
that drives on all wheels. Public space or thoroughfare less than
20 ft (6.1 m) wide, but not less than 10 ft (3 m) wide, that has
been deeded or dedicated to the public for permanent public use. An
accessible clear space between storage piles or groups of piles
suitable for housekeeping operations, visual inspection of piling
areas, and initial fire-fighting operations. Responsible Document
412 Code/Standard using Definition 412, 403 Status
preferred
Alcohol-Resistant Foam Concentrate
11
11, 16
preferred
Alert Data Message (ADM) Alert Tone Alignment Alkali Metals
All-Wheel Drive Alley Alleyway
1221 72 1915 484 414 5000
1221 72 1915 484 414 5000
preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred
230
230
preferred
Allied Processes
Those processes using oxygen-fuel gas mixtures for operations
such as scarfing, heat treating, heating, or thermal spraying.
Allowable Stress Design A method of proportioning structural
members such that elastically computed stresses produced in the
members by nominal loads do not exceed specified allowable stresses
(also called working stress design). Alpha Particle A positively
charged particle emitted by certain radioactive materials,
identical to the nucleus of a helium atom. A modification,
replacement, or other physical change to an existing facility. A
change or modification that results in a deviation from the
original design specifications or criteria. A modification,
replacement, or other physical change to an existing facility. A
change to a building or facility that affects or could affect the
accessibility of the building or facility or part thereof. A
secondary air supply system that involves an alternate second-stage
regulator provided by either a separate dedicated second-stage or a
multipurpose second-stage regulator coupled with a buoyancy
compensator inflator valve. A prearranged location that is
equipped, or that can quickly be equipped, to function as the
central supervising station in the event the central supervising
station is inoperative, untenable, or inaccessible for any reason.
A prearranged location that is equipped, or can be equipped
quickly, to function as the central supervising station in the
event the central supervising station is inoperative or untenable
for any reason. One or more generator sets, or battery systems
where permitted, intended to provide power during the interruption
of the normal electrical services or the public utility electrical
services intended to provide power during interruption of service
normally provided by the generating facilities on the premises. A
current-carrying conductor intentionally maintained at ground
potential that is connected to the side of the source. A normally
noncurrent-carrying conductor that connects the exposed metallic
noncurrentcarrying parts of electrical equipment to the ac system
and engine negative terminal or its bus for the purpose of
minimizing shock hazard to personnel.
51
51
preferred
5000
5000
preferred
801 5000 85 5000 5000
801 5000 85 502 5000
preferred preferred preferred secondary preferred
Alter/Alteration Alteration Alteration Alteration
(Accessibility) Alternate Air System
1670
1670
preferred
Alternate Central Supervising Station Alternate Central
Supervising Station Alternate Power Source
502
502
preferred
130
130
preferred
70
70, 99
preferred
Alternating Current (ac) Grounded Conductor Alternating Current
(ac) Grounding Conductor (Green)
302
302
preferred
302
302
preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
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Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Alternating-Current Module
(AlternatingCurrent Photovoltaic Module) Alternating-Current Power
Distribution Box (Alternating-Current Plugging Box, Scatter Box)
Alternative Alternative Alternative Calculation Procedure
Alternative Calculation Procedure Alternative Fuel Alternative
Fuels Definition A complete, environmentally protected unit
consisting of solar cells, optics, inverter, and other components,
exclusive of tracker, designed to generate ac power when exposed to
sunlight. An ac distribution center or box that contains one or
more grounding-type, polarized receptacles, that may contain
overcurrent protection devices. 70 70 preferred Responsible
Document Code/Standard using Definition Status
70
70
preferred
A system, condition, arrangement, material, or equipment
submitted to the authority having jurisdiction as a substitute for
a requirement in a standard. A system, condition, arrangement,
material, or equipment submitted for approval to the authority
having jurisdiction and the fire chief as a substitute for a code
requirement. A calculation procedure that differs from the
procedure originally employed by the design team but that provides
predictions for the same variables of interest. Procedure different
from the one originally employed by the design team, but which
provides predictions for the same variables of interest. A motor
vehicle fuel other than gasoline and diesel. Solid fuels such as
municipal solid waste (MSW), refuse derived fuel (RDF), biomass,
rubber tires, and other combustibles that are used instead of
fossil fuels (gas, oil, or coal) in a boiler to produce steam for
the generation of electrical energy. The ability to safely shut
down the reactor and maintain shutdown using equipment and
processes outside the normal reactor shutdown process. A
lightweight metal used extensively in the construction of aircraft
airframes and skin sections. A factory-manufactured panel
consisting of aluminum skins bonded to both faces of a plastic
core. Pre-engineered shoring system comprised of aluminum hydraulic
cylinders (crossbraces) used in conjunction with vertical rails
(uprights) or horizontal rails (walers) and designed specifically
to support the sidewalls of an excavation and prevent cave-ins.
Aluminum flake pigment homogeneously incorporated in a solid or
liquid carrier in such a way so as to have a nonflowing product
without a free-flowing liquid. Aluminum powder is divided into
three broad classifications: atomized, flake, and granules. The
length, width, and thickness of an atomized particle or granule are
all of approximately the same order; the length dimension probably
not exceeding two or three times the thickness dimension. The
length or width of a flake particle is several hundred times its
thickness. Granules are generally powders larger than 75 m
(microns) (200 mesh). Steel in which the bond between the steel and
the aluminum is an iron-aluminum alloy. The temperature of the room
in which the test is being conducted. Someones or somethings
surroundings, especially as they pertain to the local environment.
For example, ambient air and ambient temperature. The pressure and
composition of the surrounding atmosphere. The pressure and
composition of the environment surrounding a chamber. Refers to
total pressure of the environment referenced. The temperature of
the surrounding medium; usually used to refer to the temperature of
the air in which a structure is situated or a device operates. The
temperature of air or other medium where the equipment is to be
used. An assumed air temperature at the exposed face of the door at
or near 24C (75F). A vaporizer that derives heat for vaporization
from a naturally occurring heat source such as the atmosphere,
seawater, or geothermal waters. If the naturally occurring heat
source is separated from the actual vaporizing heat exchanger and a
controllable heat transport medium is used between the heat source
and the vaporizing exchanger, the vaporizer shall be considered to
be a remote heated vaporizer. A building or part thereof used to
provide services or treatment to four or more patients at the same
time and meeting either (1) or (2). (1) Those facilities that
provide, on an outpatient basis, treatment for patients that would
render them incapable of taking action for self-preservation under
emergency conditions without assistance from others, such as
hemodialysis units or freestanding emergency medical units. (2)
Those facilities that provide, on an outpatient basis, surgical
treatment requiring general anesthesia.
1144 1144 101 101 502 850
1144 1141, 1 101, 5000 914 502 850, 851
preferred secondary preferred secondary preferred preferred
Alternative Shutdown Capability Aluminum Aluminum Composite
Material (ACM) Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring Aluminum Paste Aluminum
Powder
804 402 5000
804 402 5000
preferred preferred preferred
1670
1670
preferred
484
484
preferred
484
484
preferred
Aluminum-Coated Steel Ambient Ambient Ambient Atmosphere Ambient
Atmosphere Ambient Pressure Ambient Temperature Ambient Temperature
Ambient Temperature Ambient Vaporizer
97 921 921 99 99 99 414 79 105
97 80 921 99B 99 99, 99B 414, 1914 79 105
preferred secondary preferred preferred preferred preferred
preferred preferred preferred
57
57
preferred
Ambulatory Health Care Center
70
70
preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
Page 13 of 365
Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Ambulatory Health Care Center
Definition A building or portion thereof used to provide services
or treatment simultaneously to four or more patients that (1)
provides, on an outpatient basis, treatment for patients that
renders the patients incapable of taking action for
self-preservation under emergency conditions without the assistance
of others; or (2) provides, on an outpatient basis, anesthesia that
renders the patients incapable of taking action for
self-preservation under emergency conditions without the assistance
of others. A building or portion thereof used to provide services
or treatment simultaneously to four or more patients that (1)
provides, on an outpatient basis, treatment for patients that
renders the patients incapable of taking action for
self-preservation under emergency conditions without the assistance
of others; or (2) provides, on an outpatient basis, anesthesia that
renders the patients incapable of taking action for
self-preservation under emergency conditions without the assistance
of others. A building or portion thereof used to provide services
or treatment simultaneously to four or more patients that provides,
on an outpatient basis, one or more of the following: (1) Treatment
for patients that renders the patients incapable of taking action
for selfpreservation under emergency conditions without the
assistance of others; (2) Anesthesia that renders the patients
incapable of taking action for self-preservation under emergency
conditions without the assistance of others; (3) Emergency or
urgent care for patients who, due to the nature of their injury or
illness, are incapable of taking action for self-preservation under
emergency conditions without the assistance of others. A
professional organization that is devoted to promoting knowledge of
nondestructive testing. An association that provides codes,
guidelines, and standards utilized to evaluate welded structures
and components in welded structures. A chemical compound
represented by the formula NH4NO3. The current, in amperes, that a
conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use
without exceeding its temperature rating. The current, in amperes
(A), that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions
of use without exceeding its temperature rating. The unit of
electric current that is equivalent to a flow of one coulomb per
second. One coulomb is defined as 6.24 X 1018 electrons. A unit
process designed to biologically convert organic matter (sludge)
through the action of microorganisms in the absence of elemental
oxygen. Process by-products include a gas containing methane,
carbon dioxide, and small quantities of hydrogen sulfide. The
digestion tank can have a fixed or floating roof system. A unit
process providing treatment of the liquid stream by action of
microorganisms in the absence of elemental oxygen. Process
by-products include a gas containing methane, carbon dioxide, and
small quantities of hydrogen sulfide. An initiating device that
transmits a signal indicating varying degrees of condition as
contrasted with a conventional initiating device, which can only
indicate an onoff condition. A specific room or building containing
analyzers, one or more of which is piped to the process. A device
for attaching frames to the surrounding structure. A device
designed to engage the bottom of a waterway and, through its
resistance to drag, maintain a vessel within a given radius. A
building housing assembly, business, and mercantile occupancies
other than bulk merchandise retail having low or ordinary hazard
contents and having direct access to a mall building, but having
all required means of egress independent of the mall. An exterior
perimeter building of low or ordinary combustible contents having
direct access to a mall building, but having all required means of
egress independent of the mall. Fittings on a deck of a vessel used
to stow an anchor when it is not in use. A single, structural
component used either alone or in combination with other components
to create an anchor system capable of sustaining the actual and
potential load on the rope rescue system. A single structural
component used either alone or in combination with others to create
an anchor system capable of sustaining the actual or potential load
on the rope rescue system. The line connecting an anchor with a
vessel. Responsible Document Code/Standard using Definition
Status
70
99
secondary
Ambulatory Health Care Occupancy
5000
101B, 5000
preferred
Ambulatory Health Care Occupancy
5000
101, 1
secondary
American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) American
Welding Society (AWS) Ammonium Nitrate Ampacity Ampacity Ampere
Anaerobic Digestion
1914
1914
preferred
1914 495 70 70 921
1914 495 70, 70E, 79 921, 99 921
preferred preferred preferred secondary preferred
820
820
preferred
Anaerobic Waste Treatment Analog Initiating Device (Sensor)
Analyzer Room or Building Anchor Anchor Anchor Building
820
820
preferred
72
72
preferred
496 80 1925
496 80 1925
preferred preferred preferred
5000
5000
preferred
Anchor Building
5000 1925 1670
101 1925 1670
secondary preferred preferred
Anchor Chocks Anchor Point
Anchor Point
1670 1925
1006 1925
secondary preferred
Anchor Rode
Spring 2003 Edition
Page 14 of 365
Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Anchor Store Anchor System Anchorage
Ancillary Area/Ancillary Space Ancillary Boom Ladder Ancillary
Facility(ies) Ancillary Structure Anesthetic Anesthetizing Location
Definition A department store or major merchandising center that
has direct access to the covered mall but in which all required
means of egress is independent of the covered mall. One or more
anchor points rigged in such a way as to provide a structurally
significant connection point for rope rescue system components. An
area identified for safe anchoring. The nonpublic areas or spaces
of the stations usually used to house or contain operating,
maintenance, or support equipment and functions. A ladder or
ladders affixed to a telescoping or articulating boom section. A
structure(s) usually used to house or contain operating,
maintenance, or support equipment and functions. An integral part
of the wastewater treat-ment or collection process. As used in this
standard, applies to any inhalation agent used to produce relative
analgesia or general anesthesia. Any area of a health care facility
that has been designated to be used for the administration of any
flammable or nonflammable inhalation anesthetic agent in the course
of examination or treatment, including the use of such agents for
relative analgesia. Any area of a facility that has been designated
to be used for the administration of nonflammable inhalation
anesthetic agents in the course of examination or treatment,
including the use of such agents for relative analgesia. A blasting
agent (Explosive 1.5D) that contains no essential ingredients other
than prilled ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. The measure of the
steepest ramp that a fully loaded vehicle can approach. The
smallest angle made between the road surface and a line drawn from
the front point of ground contact of the front tire to any
projection of the apparatus in front of the front axle. The measure
of the steepest ramp from which the fully loaded vehicle can
depart. The smallest angle made between the road surface and a line
drawn from the rear point of ground contact of the rear tire to any
projection of the apparatus behind the rear axle. The pitch for
portable, non-self-supporting ground ladders. The greatest angle
above the horizontal plane at which loose material (such as soil)
will lie without sliding. An exterior wall that intersects at an
angle of 135 degrees or less at the end of a fire wall. A unit
containing one or more indicator lamps, alphanumeric displays, or
other equivalent means in which each indication provides status
information about a circuit, condition, or location. A device
indicating an off-standard or abnormal condition by both visual and
audible signals. The component of a PASS device designed to emit
audible signals. A metal that in an electrolyte assumes a more
positive charge than one to which it is coupled. This metal tends
to corrode or dissolve in an electrolyte. A transition assembly
where polyethylene pipe or tubing is permitted to be installed
under ground and is terminated above ground outside of a building.
An assembly of steel cased plastic pipe used to make the transition
between plastic piping installed underground and metallic piping
installed aboveground. A state of markedly inadequate oxygenation
of the tissues and blood, of more marked degree than hypoxia.
American National Standards Institute. The designation for American
National Standards Institute publication, sponsored and published
by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. A device connected
to a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver that radiates the
transmitted signal, receives a signal, or both. A safety control
that causes the flow of (liquid) fuel to be shut off when a rise in
fuel level occurs or when excess fuel is received, and that
operates before the hazardous discharge of fuel can occur. A wet
pipe sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are
attached to a piping system that contains an antifreeze solution
and that are connected to a water supply. The antifreeze solution
is discharged, followed by water, immediately upon operation of
sprinklers opened by heat from a fire. An antifreeze system is an
automatic sprinkler system containing an antifreeze solution and
connected to a water supply. The antifreeze solution, followed by
water, discharges immediately from sprinklers opened by a fire.
Responsible Document 101B 1670 1405 130 1914 502 820 99
Code/Standard using Definition 101B 1670, 1006 1405 130 1914 502
820 99 Status preferred preferred preferred preferred preferred
preferred preferred preferred
99
70
secondary
Anesthetizing Location
99
99
preferred
ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Mixture) Angle of Approach Angle
of Approach
495 414 1901 414 1901 1931 1670 221 72
495 414
preferred preferred
1901, 1906, 1002, preferred 1912 414 preferred 1901, 1906, 1002,
preferred 1912 1931, 1932 preferred 1670 221 72 preferred preferred
preferred
Angle of Departure Angle of Departure Angle of Inclination Angle
of Repose Angle Wall Annunciator
Annunciator Annunciator Anode Anodeless Riser Anodeless Riser
Anoxia ANSI ANSI/ASME Antenna Antiflooding Device
85 1982 1925 58 58 99 57 1 1221
85 1982 1925 58 54 99, 99B 57, 58, 10 1 1221
preferred preferred preferred preferred secondary preferred
preferred preferred preferred
31
31, 97
preferred
Antifreeze Sprinkler System
13
13, 25
preferred
Antifreeze System
13D
13D
preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
Page 15 of 365
Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Antistatic Apartment Building
Definition Responsible Document 77 5000 5000 30 58 58 45 295 295
Code/Standard using Definition 77 1, 101B, 72 5000, 101 30 58 58
45, 115 295 1710 Status preferred secondary preferred preferred
preferred preferred preferred preferred secondary
Capable of dissipating a static electric charge at an acceptable
rate. A building containing three or more dwelling units with
independent cooking and bathroom facilities. Apartment Building A
building or portion thereof containing three or more dwelling units
with independent cooking and bathroom facilities. Apartment House A
building or that portion of a building containing more than two
dwelling units. API American Petroleum Institute. API-ASME
Container (or A container constructed in accordance with the
pressure vessel code jointly developed Tank) by the American
Petroleum Institute and the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers. Apparatus Apparatus Apparatus Appliance Furniture,
laboratory hoods, centrifuges, refrigerators, and commercial or
made-on-site equipment used in a laboratory. A motor-driven vehicle
or group of vehicles designed and constructed for the purpose of
fighting fires. Examples include fire engines, water tenders, and
ladder trucks. A motor-driven vehicle or group of vehicles designed
and constructed for the purpose of fighting fires. Utilization
equipment, generally other than industrial, normally built in
standardized sizes or types, that is installed or connected as a
unit to perform one or more functions such as clothes washing, air
conditioning, food mixing, deep frying, etc. Electrical equipment,
generally other than industrial, normally built in standardized
sizes or types, which is installed or connected as a unit to
perform one or more functions. Any device that utilizes gas as a
fuel or raw material to produce light, heat, power, refrigeration,
or air conditioning. Utilization equipment, normally built in
standardized sizes or types, that is installed or connected as a
unit to perform one or more functions such as clothes washing, air
conditioning, food mixing, cooking, heating, or refrigeration.
73
73, 70, 70E, 97
preferred
Appliance Appliance Appliance
73 54
99 54
secondary preferred
73
211
secondary
Appliance Branch Circuit A branch circuit that supplies energy
to one or more outlets to which appliances are to be connected, and
that has no permanently connected lighting fixtures that are not a
part of an appliance. Appliance Branch Fuel Piping Appliance Casing
(or Jacket) Appliance Categorized Vent Diameter/Area Appliance Flue
Any run of piping or tubing and its fittings, not part of an
appliance, that is used to convey fuel from the main piping
manifold to a heat-producing appliance. An enclosure forming the
outside of the appliance. The minimum vent area/diameter
permissible for Category I appliances to maintain a nonpositive
vent static pressure when tested in accordance with nationally
recognized standards. The passage(s) within an appliance through
which combustion products pass from the combustion chamber of the
appliance to the draft hood inlet opening on an appliance equipped
with a draft hood or to the outlet of the appliance on an appliance
not equipped with a draft hood. The flue passage within an
appliance. The opening or openings in a cooking device where
vapors, combustion gases, or both leave the cooking device. Those
codes and standards that are legally adopted and enforced by a
jurisdiction at the time of construction of an occupancy or
installation of a system or of equipment. These applicable codes
and standards can include ordinances, statutes, regulations, or
other legal documents adopted by the jurisdiction. A means of
applying high-frequency energy to a patient other than by an
electrically conductive connection. Automatically perform
suppressive action in response to automatic detection.
70
70
preferred
97 97
97 97, 211
preferred preferred
54
54
preferred
54
54
preferred
Appliance Flue Appliance Flue Outlet Applicable Codes and
Standards
54 96
97, 211 96
secondary preferred
1031
1031
preferred
Applicator Apply Sufficient Suppressant (Automatically)
99
99
preferred
550
550
preferred
Apply Sufficient Manually perform suppressive action given
response to the proper site. Suppressant (to Manually Suppress)
Approach Assessment Approach Fire Fighting The period of time from
the moment when the incident site first becomes visible to the
moment when the initial size-up is completed. Limited, specialized
exterior fire-fighting operations at incidents involving fires
producing very high levels of conductive, convective, and radiant
heat, such as bulk flammable gas and bulk flammable liquid fires. A
structure used to gain access to a pier or wharf, but not used to
moor barges or vessels. Acceptable to the authority having
jurisdiction.
550
550
preferred
1670
1670
preferred
1500
1500
preferred
Approach Way Approved
307 OFFICIAL
307 OFFICIAL
preferred preferred
Spring 2003 Edition
Page 16 of 365
Copyright 2003 NFPA
NFPA Glossary of TermsTerm Approved Existing Appurtenance
Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) Concentrate Aqueous Film-Forming
Foam Concentrate (AFFF) Aqueous Film-Forming Foam Concentrate
(AFFF) Definition That which is already in existence on the date
this ed
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