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Tony Leyland leyland@sfu.ca

http://www.sfu.ca/~leyland/Kin201.html

All course information is on this website

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Definition of Biomechanics The application of mechanical principles to the structure and function of organisms (like humans).

Structure: internal (tissue) biomechanics

Function: external (gross) biomechanics

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Course Outline

The outline is on the main webpage   Course objectives   Text information   Tutorial attendance   Evaluation

  iClicker   Assignments   exams

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Course Website

http://www.sfu.ca/~leyland/Kin201.html

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  Course outline   Office hours   Lecture schedule   Practice questions   Assignments   Answer keys   Grades

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Course Prerequisites

Intro to Kines (KIN 142) essential, especially functional anatomy

Mechanics (PHYS 101, 120, 125, or 140) a big help with most problems

Differential calculus (MATH 151 or 154) essential for some sections

Integral calculus (MATH 152 or 155) less essential; can be taken concurrently

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Recommended Course Text

This text is not required – lecture slides and lots of practice problems will be posted on the course website.

You can’t get all the course information from the text. The text will be on library reserve, as well as many other biomechanics texts which cover the same mechanical concepts.

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Hamill, J. & K.M. Knutzen. Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement, (3rd edition). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2008.

Course objectives By the end of this course, you should be able to:

1.  Use mechanical concepts such as force, moments, velocity, acceleration, inertia, momentum, work, energy, elasticity, viscoelasticity, stress, and strain to:

•  determine the effects of forces applied to the body and forces generated by the body

•  predict human movement •  analyze rehabilitation, ergonomics, exercise, and sports activities

2.  Discuss how the structural and functional properties of body tissues affect their mechanical behaviour

3.  For common data acquisition techniques such as photo, video, accelerometer, motion capture, force recording, inverse dynamics, and electromyography:

•  identify the type of information provided by each technique •  discuss appropriate situations to use each technique •  interpret the data obtained from each technique 7

Qualitative vs. Quantitative

good

slow

long

heavy

flexed

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50 revolutions

3 seconds

6 metres

25 kilograms

45°angle

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Kelvin (1891)

“I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it: but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind”.

Oscar Wilde

“Education is very admirable but let us not forget that anything

worth knowing cannot be taught” in other words

you get out what you put in!!

e.g. If you don’t buy the text – or use a reserve text – you have to come to lecture!

Common Misconceptions

  If I don't lecture on the material it isn’t covered.

  If I do lecture on the material it is covered!

Problem Based Learning

  I believe that you don’t learn unless you do!   How would you learn to perform a jump shot in

basketball?   The same is true of biomechanical concepts.

You have to practice using them to fully learn them.

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Downloads Required Soon

::   http://www.sfu.ca/~leyland/Kin201%20Files/Outline.pdf   ………./PBL.pdf   ………../Freebody.pdf   ………./Equations.pdf   ………./Anthropometry.pdf

  These are located at the top of the Kin201 webpage.

iClicker

I will be recording your best 16 totals out of 23 lectures. You will need to register your iClicker online You can use either the simple iClicker or iClicker2

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Grading

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  iClicker – 10%   best 16 class scores

  Assignments – 10% (2 x 5%)   you can submit as an individual or in a group (up

to four people)

  Term project – 15%   must be completed in groups of three to four

  Midterms – 30% (2 x 15%)   Final exam – 35%

PRACTICE

You can’t fully understand and use biomechanical concepts unless you practice using them.

There will be lots of practice problems on the course website!

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Who needs biomechanics?

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postural strain, back injuries, repetitive strain injuries, etc.

Ergonomists

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Rehabilitators (e.g. physiotherapy, occupational therapy) mechanical function of musculoskeletal system

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Musculoskeletal Injury  Many different disciplines have a role to play in a comprehensive understanding of injury.  However, of all the scientific disciplines, physics and its sub-discipline mechanics are arguably most central to the study of injury.  The fundamental relation between mechanical energy and injury highlights biomechanics as the logical discipline to study the causes and effects of human musculoskeletal injury.

Whiting & Zernicke, 1998

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Sports (e.g. coaches, physical educators) optimal sports performance, injury prevention

Mechanics of Exercise

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Research and innovation (e.g. biomedical engineers, scientists)

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What profession are you most interested in?

A.  Ergonomics

B.  Rehab (e.g. physiotherapist, occupational therapist) C.  Sports (e.g. coach, physical educator)

D.  Medicine E.  Other (e.g. biomedical engineering, chiropractor, dentist)

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iClicker Know Your Anatomical Terms

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If these terms are unfamiliar: distal / proximal medial / lateral superior / inferior sagittal / transverse / vertical axes concentric / eccentric / isometric flexion / extension dorsiflexion / plantar flexion

Review them! The course text, BPK 142 (and 143 if you have it), and http://www.exrx.net/ have relevant information.

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Prerequisites!

  Movement Analysis   List joint movement

and the main agonists for each action.

  State whether the muscle is working concentrically or eccentrically.

In the down phase of the squat the quadriceps (specifically the three vastus muscles) are:

A. Inactive B. Contracting concentrically

C. Contracting eccentrically D. Contracting isometrically

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iClicker