Defining and Refining Critical Uses of

Chlorpyrifos in Alfalfa & Field Crop IPM

Peter B. Goodell and Lori Berger

A Deliverable of the DPR Chlorpyrifos Critical Use Project

Project Overview

• What are the concerns?

• Why this project?

• Why this training?

What Are the Concerns With Chlorpyrifos?

• Environment – Water

• Public health – Children

• EPA, CDPR, etc. –revised risk assessments,

use of models, epidemiological info

• Advocacy groups, etc.

Why this Project?

• To fully understand/describe chlorpyrifos use

• To communicate IPM needs to CDPR

• To refine decision making in the field

Chlorpyrifos Use in CA

-

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

Lbs

AI

StatewideAlfalfaAlmondsCitrusCotton

Total Pounds Chlorpyrifos Applied in Alfalfa

2002-2013

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Lbs/

AI

Intermountain

SacramentoValley

SJV

Monthly Chlorpyrifos Use in Alfalfa

2002-2013 (Average)

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Lbs

AI

Intermountain

Sacramento Valley

SJV

SouthernCalifornia

Monthly Chlorpyrifos Use in Field Crops

San Joaquin County

2002-2013 (Average)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

ALFALFA

CORN

SUGARBEET

Alfalfa Crop Team Input

What Are the Critical Use Pests?

Key Pests with Few or No Alternatives

Important Pests with Alternatives

Occasional Pests with Alternatives

Blue Alfalfa Aphid Cowpea Aphid

Alfalfa Weevils

Alfalfa Caterpillar Pea Aphid Armyworms

Cutworm Webworm Spotted Alfalfa Aphid

Leafhopper

“Criticality Spectrum”

• KEY PESTS with few/no alternative insecticides

• Important pests with alternative insecticides

• Occasional pests with alternative insecticides

This is not a priority or ranking…

Alternatives…

• Other Products?

• Biological Control?

• Cultural Control?

• Chemical Control?

• Best Management Practices…

• Alternative Practices…

• New Products and Technologies…

Alfalfa Pests by BMP

Key Pests, No or Few

Alternatives

Important Pests with

Alternative AIs Available

Occasional Pests or Pests with

Alternative AIs or Practices

Available

Practice Pre-

season

In

season

Aphid,

Blue

Alfalfa

Aphid,

Cowpea Weevil

Aphid,

Pea

Alfalfa

caterpillar

Armyworm,

Beet &

Yellow

striped

Aphid,

Spotted

Alfalfa

Leaf-

hopper

Web-

worm Cutworm

Conservation of

natural enemies X X X X X X X X X

Early harvest X X X X X X X

Grazing (sheep) X X

Light harrowing

during winter X X

Burning X X

Resistant

varieties X X X X

Border cutting X X X X X X X

Water

Management X X

Weed

Management X

Plant into well

prepared fields X X

Best Management Practices in Alfalfa

As identified by Alfalfa Crop Team. Not all practices listed in UC PMG See Full Report for Details

Key Pests, No or Few

Alternatives

Important Pests with

Alternative Ais Available

Trade Name(s) IRAC MoA

Group

Aphid,

Blue

Alfalfa

Aphid,

Cowpea Weevils Aphid, Pea Alfalfa caterpillar

Armyworm, Beet &

Yellow striped

Coragen 28 X X

Ambush, Pounce 3A

Baythroid 3A X

Belt 28 X X

Dimethoate 1B X X X

Entrust (Organic) 5

Imidan 1B X

Intrepid 18A X X

Lannate 1A X X

Lock-On 1B

Lorsban 4E or

Advanced 1B X X X X

Malathion 1B X

Mustang 3A

Sevin 1A

Steward 22A X X X

Warrior 3A X

Xentari, Dipel ES 11B1,11B2 X X

Insecticide Options Identified for Management of Alfalfa Pests

Not all products are in IPMG; New AIs since Crop Team Meetings for

Aphid: Sivanto (4D) and Beleaf (9C) [SLN]

Decision Support Tools

• Pest Profiles…from Crop Team Discussions

• Pest Management Guidelines (PMG) 2015

• New App

Why Do We Need Another App?

Continual Improvement in the Face of Constant Change

• Increased complexity of modern agriculture

• Consumer, retail, non-farm sectors more “engaged”

• Environmental and human health issues

• Global market demands

Too Much Complexity

Let’s focus on an issue with sufficient complexity to demonstrate the value of assisted decision support

Critical Use of Chlorpyrifos

What is a Decision Support Tool?

• A logical framework for decision making

• An opportunity for planning

• Integrates multi-pest information

• Easy access to information rich PMG

• Summarizes all options

• Accessible on-line for all portable devices

UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines - PMGs

Getting There…

• UC IPM

• Agricultural Pests

• Alfalfa

• Chlorpyrifos decision-support tool

Mitigation Statement Required for Each PCA Recommendation

“I certify that alternatives and mitigation measures that would substantially lessen any significant adverse impact on the environment have been considered and, if feasible, adopted”

This is the responsibility of PCA In fulfillment CEQA requirement

Benefits of On-Line

Decision Support

• Easy access to information rich PMG

• Logical framework for decision making

• Multi-pest information

• Summary of all options

• Opportunity for planning

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Thanks for Your Attention