Defining and Measuring Crime

Defining and Measuring Crime

Standard 3

Civil Vs Criminal Law

Civil vs Criminal Law

Civil Law Criminal Law Disputes between

private parties (usually involves money)

Offense against society

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Civil Law Plaintiff (person

who suffered harm) vs. Defendant (person who caused harm)

Requires a preponderance of evidence

Liability Penalty: money to

plaintiff

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Criminal Law The State

(Prosecutor) vs. Defendant (person who committed the crime)

Requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt

Guilt Penalty: money to

state, incarceration, etc


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When do they work together?

Victim can file a civil suit against someone convicted of crime

Burden of proof is less in civil court Sometimes a victim can

win a law suit even if the person is found not guilty in a criminal trial

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Felonies vs Misdemeanors

Felonies Definition: serious crimes

punishable by one year in prison or longer

Capital offenses: max penalty death

1st Degree felony: max life in prison

2nd Degree felony: max 10 yrs

3rd Degree felony: max 5 yrs

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Felony Example: Murder 1st degree murder:

premeditated AND deliberate

2nd degree murder: malice aforethought

3rd degree murder/voluntary manslaughter: intent to kill but without forethought

Involuntary manslaughter: careless acts caused death, no intent to kill

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Misdemeanors

Definition: minor crimes punishable by fine or jail time less than one yr

Class A: up to 1 yr Class B: 6 months Class C: 30 days or

less

Example: drug possession less than 8 oz

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Misdemeanors - Traffic Offenses

Violations: punishable by a fine (unless not paid)

Decriminalized: not on criminal record

Processed as civil issue

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Mala In Se and Mala Prohibita

How does society determine the wrongness of certain actions?

Mala in Se Mala Prohibita Acts that are against

“natural laws” Ex: murder, theft,

rape, crimes against children

Acts that are made wrong by law and can vary by culture, time, place

Ex: drugs, marriage laws,

Documents

Defining and Measuring Crime