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Defibrillator Implants:
Bruce Murdoch PhD CHP CLSOArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne, IL [email protected]
AIHce 2011, Portland OR Roundtable Session RT 201
Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation
Typical ICD Device
Dimensions: 2” X 2.5” X 0.2”
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Implant Placement
EM Vulnerabilities Leads Control Unit
Failure Modes False Trigger Stopping
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Source: www.defibrillator-help.com
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CASE STUDY
Where? APS (Advanced Photon Source)
Who? Accelerator Operator w/ICD
Why? Work Clearance
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APS Control Room
Manufacturer Test Standard
ANSI/AAMA PC69 - 2007
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Typical Manufacturer (Medtronic) Exposure Limit Recommendations Static B-Field B ≤ 0.5 mT (5G)
50/60 Hz B ≤ 0.1 mT (1G) E ≤ 6000 V/m
≥ 10 kHz B ≤ 1.25 mT (12.5 G)
R-F E-Field (≥ 150 kHz) E ≤ 100 V/m
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ACGIH 2010 TLV Book Exposure Limit Recommendations
Static B-Field B ≤ 0.5 mT (5G)
ELF (5 Hz–2kHz) B ≤ 0.1 mT (1G)
VLF (2kHz–400 kHz) No recommendation
R-F (100 kHz–3GHZ) E ≤ 3-10 V/m
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Static B-Fields
MetroLab Model ETM-1
3-Axis Magnetometer
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ELF
Holaday HI-3627ELF Magnetic Field Meterw/ HI-3602 Probe
30 Hz – 2 KHz
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VLF
Holaday HI-3637VLF Magnetic Field Meterw/ HI-3091 Probe
2kHz – 400 KHz
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R-F
Narda NBM-520RF Survey Meterw/ EF3091 E-Field Probe
100 kHz – 3 GHz
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Spectrum Coverage
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RF
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The Instrument Ensemble
Survey Plan
Daily Control Room work area
Weekly maintenance walkthroughs
ESH Coordinator guidance
84 specific survey locations plus area sweeps
Full spectrum survey at each location
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Control Room Panels
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Electrical Distribution RoomELF: B ≤ 0.4 G @ 6 inches from transformerRF: E ≤ 4 V/m
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Mezzanine RF System Freq = 325 MHz E(RF) up to 3.5 V/m @ 6 in.
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Power Control Systems
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Pulser Power Transformers
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RF Distribution Waveguides
Freq = 325 mHz
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Linac KlystronsFreq = 2.8565 GHzE(RF) = 2 V/m @ 1 ft
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Case Study Results
Employee barred from
– Fundamental RF Room: 7 V/m RF
– Electrical Distribution Room: 4 V/m RF
Cautions
– Some instrument racks: 4 V/m RF @ 12”
– Some waveguides: 3.5 V/m RF @ 12”
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Credits
Technical Assistance– Mary Malik– Adam Sauter
Photography– George Joch– Edmund Chang
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