Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Operations, 2011

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    1/122

    Pfplrt lg tjf

    Hfgfnsf [kafnkf @ldrh Xdsm Glrkf ln

    Hfgfnsf Antfccaefnkf

    Kluntfransurefnky (KLAN)

    ntfccaefnkf, [urvfaccdnkf, dnh

    fklnndassdnkf (A[P) Lpfrdtalns

    Gf`rudry 024

    Lggakf lg tjf Vnhfr [fkrftdry lg Hfgfnsf

    lr Dkquasataln, Xfkjnlcley dnh Cleastaks

    Udsjanetln, H.K. 02;24-;482

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    2/122

    XjasrfplrtasdprlhuktlgtjfHfgfnsf[kafnkf@ldrh(H[@).XjfH[@asdGfhfrdcDhvaslry

    Kliiattff fstd`casjfh tl prlvahf anhfpfnhfnt dhvakf tl tjf [fkrftdry lg Hfgfnsf.

    [tdtfifnts, lpanalns, klnkcusalns, dnh rfkliifnhdtalns an tjas rfplrt hl nlt nfkfssdracy

    rfprfsfnttjflggakadcplsatalnlgtjfHfpdrtifntlgHfgfnsf.

    Xjf H[@ Dhvaslry Erlup ln Hfgfnsf Antfccaefnkf Xdsm Glrkf ln Kluntfr Ansurefnky

    (KLAN) Antfccaefnkf, [urvfaccdnkf dnh Pfklnndassdnkf (A[P) Lpfrdtalns klipcftfh ats

    anglridtalnedtjfraneanOdnudry0244.

    XjasrfplrtasVNKCD[[AGAFHdnhrfcfdsd`cftltjfpu`cak.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    3/122

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    4/122

    LGGAKF LG XJF [FKPFXDPQ LG HFGFN[F;482 HFGFN[F RFNXDELN

    UD[JANEXLN, HK 02;24;482

    Gf`rudry0;,0244

    IFILPDNHVIGLPXJFKJDAPIDN,HFGFN[F[KAFNKF@LDPH

    [V@OFKX? GandcPfplrtlgtjfHfgfnsf[kafnkf@ldrh(H[@)XdsmGlrkflnHfgfnsf

    Antfccaefnkf Kluntfransurefnky (KLAN) Antfccaefnkf, [urvfaccdnkf, dnh

    Pfklnndassdnkf(A[P)Lpfrdtalns

    Dttdkjfh as tjf gandc rfplrt lg tjf H[@ Xdsm Glrkf ln Hfgfnsf Antfccaefnkf,

    Kluntfransurefnky (KLAN) Antfccaefnkf, [urvfaccdnkf, dnh Pfklnndassdnkf (A[P)

    Lpfrdtalns

    stuhy.

    Xjf

    Xdsm

    Glrkf

    wds

    dsmfh

    tl

    ahfntagy

    jlw

    Hfpdrtifnt

    lg

    Hfgfnsf

    (HlH) antfccaefnkf kdn ilst fggfktavfcy supplrt KLAN lpfrdtalns. Xjf prankapdc

    l`ofktavf lg tjf Xfris lg Pfgfrfnkf wds tl angcufnkf anvfstifnt hfkasalns `y

    rfkliifnhane dpprlpradtf antfccaefnkf kdpd`acatafs tl dssfss ansurefnkafs,

    unhfrstdnh d plpucdtaln an tjfar fnvarlnifnt, dnh supplrt KLAN lpfrdtalns. Xl

    drravf dt tjf prankapdc l`ofktavf tjf Xfris lg Pfgfrfnkf (XLP) rfqufstfh tjf Xdsm

    Glrkf dhhrfss gavf drfds tl ankcuhf tjf hfvfclpane rlcf lg HlH A[P an KLAN

    lpfrdtalns, tl ankcuhf rfcfvdnt kustlifrs dnh tjfar rfspfktavf rfquarfifnts=

    dcclkdtaln lg HlH A[P rfslurkfs tl supplrt KLAN kdpd`acatafs= kjdnefs tl tjf A[P

    prlkfss tl aiprlvfsupplrt tlKLAN= aiifhadtf aiprlvfifnts annftwlrmdeacaty

    dnh anglridtaln sjdrane dkrlss iassaln pdrtnfrs klnhuktane KLAN= dnh fifreanetfkjnlcleafsdnhiftjlhlcleafscamfcytlprlvahftjfjaejfstpdylgg.

    Xl rfsplnh tl tjf XLP, tjf Xdsm Glrkf rfvafwfh fxastane catfrdturf dnh ift watj

    ilrftjdn422sfnalr dnhiahcfvfclggakadcsdnhrfprfsfntdtavfsgrlidkrlssHlH,

    tjf Antfccaefnkf Kliiunaty (AK), anhustry, nlnprlgat kliiunaty, dnh dkdhfiad

    anvlcvfh an arrfeucdr wdrgdrf, KLAN, A[P, dnh rfcdtfh dktavatafs. Xjf Xdsm Glrkf

    fxdianfhtjfiuctapjdsfKLANkjdccfnef,wjakjankcuhfstjfnffhtlklntanuftl

    supplrt KLAN lpfrdtalns an Dgejdnastdn= prfpdrf glr fifreane dnh urefnt KLAN

    A[P lpfrdtalns tjdt wacc jdvf tl`f ift usane kurrfnt rfslurkfs= dnh`uachane d

    kdpd`acatytlhfdcwatjclnetfriKLANskfndralsusanenfwklnkfptslglpfrdtalns

    (KLNLR[)dnhrfslurkfs.

    @dsfhlnatsanvfstaedtalntjfXdsmGlrkfdrravfhdttjfglcclwanel`sfrvdtalns?

    HlHcdkmsdkliilnunhfrstdnhanelgKLAN

    HlHjdsdssuifhrfsplnsa`acatyglrKLANA[P`yhfgduct

    HFGFN[F [KAFNKF

    @LDPH

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    5/122

    HlHA[Pasndrrlwcyantfrprftfhtlifdntfkjnakdcantfccaefnkfklccfktaln`y

    dar`lrnfpcdtglris

    A[P kdpd`acatafs jdvf nlt`ffn dppcafh fggfktavfcy dedanst KLAN lpfrdtalns

    tjdthfdcwatjplpucdtalnsanpdrt`fkdusfdkliprfjfnsavfsftlgantfccaefnkf

    rfquarfifntsglrKLANhlfsnltfxast

    XjfV.[.Elvfrnifntasnltanvfstanedhfqudtfcyantjfhfvfclpifntlgslkadc

    dnh`fjdvalrdcskafnkfanglridtalntjdtaskratakdccyaiplrtdnttlKLAN

    A[PsupplrtglrKLANaskurrfntcy`fanelvfrsjdhlwfh`ykluntfrtfrrlrasi

    dnhglrkfprltfktalnrfquarfifnts

    AnkrfdsanetjfglkuslgA[PglrKLANlnankapafntansurefnkafswluchprlvahf

    ilrf wjlcflgelvfrnifnt lptalns dnh rfhukf tjf nffh glr idolr

    kliiatifntlgiacatdryglrkfs

    Nfw [&X slcutalns iust dhhrfss tjf krasas an prlkfssane, fxpclatdtaln, dnhhassfiandtaln(RFH)dnhdsslkadtfhkliiunakdtalnskdusfh`ytjfhfcueflg

    sfnslrhdtd

    Nfwdnhfifreanetfkjnlcleafsdnhtfkjnaqufskdn`ffipclyfhtlaiprlvf

    lurunhfrstdnhanelgKLANfnvarlnifnts

    Xjf dttdkjfh rfplrt prlvahfs tjf rdtalndcf glr tjf Xdsm Glrkfs ganhanes dnh

    rfkliifnhdtalns,rfsplnhstlgavfspfkagakXLPtdsms,dnhnltfssu`stdntadcplcaky

    euahdnkf ln dspfkts lg KLAN dnh A[P ds wfcc ds nuifrlus dnh anklnsastfnt

    hfganatalnslgmfytfrisdsslkadtfhwatjtjfstuhy.

    Uf dpprfkadtf tjf klntra`utalns idhf`y tjf Hfpdrtifnt lg Hfgfnsf, Antfccaefnkf

    Kliiunaty, anhustry, dnh dkdhfiad wjl tllm tjf taif tl prlvahf us watj tjfar

    mnlwcfhef dnh fxpfrtasf= tjf ifi`frs lg tjas stuhy= tjf Fxfkutavf [fkrftdry= tjf

    H[@[fkrftdradtdnhatsiacatdrydssastdnt.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    6/122

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    7/122

    XD@CFLGKLNXFNX[ a

    XD@CFLGKLNXFNX[FZFKVXAWF [VIIDPQ?XD[MANE DNH MFQ GANHANE[..............................................................av4. ANXPLHVKXALN,XD[MANE,DNH[XVHQ[XPVKXVPF.....................................................440. HFGANANEKLANDNHA[P............................................................................................. 02;. XLPXD[M[..................................................................................................................... 06

    ;.4. XLPXD[M4? UJDXA[XJFHFWFCLRANEPLCFLGHLHA[PANKLANLRFPDXALN[=UJLDPFXJFKV[XLIFP[DNHUJDXDPFXJFPFTVAPFIFNX[

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    8/122

    aa KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    ;.6. XLPXD[M6? UJDXFIFPEANEXFKJNLCLEAF[DNHIFXJLHLCLEAF[,KLI@ANDXALN[LG[FN[LP[,DNHANWF[XIFNX[ANANGLPIDXALNGV[ALNDNHDNDCQ[A[

    DPFCAMFCQXLRPLWAHFXJFJAEJF[XRDQLGG

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    9/122

    XD@CFLGKLNXFNX[ aaa

    CA[XLGGAEVPF[DNHXD@CF[

    GAEVPF4.XLPDNHHFPAWFHXD[M[................................................................................. 40GAEVPF0.[XVHQKLNXFZXXULAIRFPDXAWF[..................................................................46GAEVPF;.RL[[A@CFKLANKJDCCFNEF[........................................................................... 47GAEVPF8.DHWDNXDEF[DNHHA[DHWDNXDEF[[email protected][RFKXPVI.................................................................4:GAEVPF7.HF[APFHKJDNEFANA[PXD[MANERPLKF[[.......................................................;7GAEVPF5.FGGFKX[@D[FHA[PXD[MANERPLKF[[................................................................;[email protected][LGKLAN........................................................................................... [email protected][LGA[P................................................................................................ 00XD@CF;.[FCFKXFHA[P[LVPKF[GLPAPPFEVCDPUDPGDPF..............................................05XD@CF

    8.

    XPDHAXALNDC

    UDPGDPF

    W[.

    APPFEVCDP

    UDPGDPF

    [VPWFACCDNKF

    ....................

    0:

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    10/122

    av KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    FFZZFFKKVVXXAAWWFF[[VVIIIIDDPPQQ??XXDD[[MMAANNEEDDNNHHMMFFQQGGAANNHHAANNEE[[

    Ujy tjas stuhy wds klnhuktfh. Xjas rfplrt wds klnhuktfh dt tjf rfqufst lg tjfn Vnhfr

    [fkrftdry lg Hfgfnsf glr Antfccaefnkf (V[H(A)), Xjf Jlnlrd`cf Odifs P. Kcdppfr, dnh

    dssaenfh`y tjf Hfgfnsf [kafnkf @ldrh (H[@) tl ats Rfridnfnt Hfgfnsf Antfccaefnkf Xdsm

    Glrkf. Xjas rfqufst glcclwfh tjf pu`cakdtaln lg Idolr Efnfrdc Iakjdfc X. Gcynns

    `cufprant pdpfr ln antfccaefnkf supplrt tl kluntfransurefnky (KLAN) lpfrdtalns an

    Dgejdnastdn.Anjaspdpfr,IEGcynnprlvahfhdkdnhahdssfssifntlgantfccaefnkfsupplrt?

    Aenlrdntlgclkdcfklnliaksdnhcdnhlwnfrs,jdzyd`lutwjltjfplwfr`rlmfrsdrf

    dnhjlwtjfyiaejt`fangcufnkfh,ankuralusd`luttjfklrrfcdtalns`ftwffnvdralus

    hfvfclpifntprlofktsdnhtjfcfvfcslgkllpfrdtalndilnevaccdefrs,dnhhasfnedefh

    grlipflpcf an tjf`fstplsataln tl ganhdnswfrswjftjfrdahwlrmfrslrDgejdn

    slchafrsV.[.antfccaefnkflggakfrsdnhdndcystskdnhlcattcf`utsjrueanrfsplnsftljaej

    cfvfchfkasalnidmfrssffmanetjfmnlwcfheftlwdefdsukkfssguckluntfransurefnky.4

    IE Gcynns kliifnts klif dt d taif wjfn Hfpdrtifnt lg Hfgfnsf (HlH) rfslurkf

    klnstrdantsdnhkjdccfnefsdrf`fklianeilrffvahfnt,fvfndstjfHfpdrtifntgdkfsdwahf

    rdneflgprlspfktavfKLANlpfrdtalnsantjfguturf.Dsdrfsuct,tjfHfpdrtifntiusttdmf

    antl dkklunt wjdt at jds cfdrnfh an rfkfnt dnh kurrfnt KLAN lpfrdtalns, tjf nffh tl

    klntanuf supplrtane kurrfnt lpfrdtalns ds fggfktavfcy ds plssa`cf, dnh tjf kjdccfnefs lg

    prfpdraneglrtjfguturf.Xjasrfplrtrfprfsfntsdnfgglrttlunhfrstdnhtjf`dcdnkftjdtwacc

    `frfquarfhtliffttjfsfkjdccfnefs,dnhtlpcdndkklrhanecy.

    XjasstuhyklifsdtdnaiplrtdntilifntantjffvlcutalnlgVnatfh[tdtfs(V.[.)ndtalndc

    sfkuraty. D Hfgfnsf [kafnkf @ldrh 0228 [uiifr [tuhy fxdianfh tjf nffh tl put

    kdpd`acatafsan

    pcdkf

    tl

    prfpdrf

    ln

    dElvfrnifnt

    wahf

    `dsas

    glr

    jlstacatafs,

    ds

    wfcc

    ds

    tjf

    nffh tl haianasj V.[. iacatdry anvlcvfifnt an tjlsf dktavatafs an dn lrhfrcy dnh fggfktavf

    idnnfr.0 Xjf rfplrt nltfh tjf nffh glr kdpd`acatafs an std`acazdtaln dnh rfklnstruktaln=

    strdtfeak kliiunakdtaln= mnlwcfhef, unhfrstdnhane dnh antfccaefnkf= dnh ahfntagakdtaln,

    clkdtaln,dnhtrdkmaneglrdsyiiftrakwdrgdrf.; Xjfprakflgnltjdvanetjfsfkdpd`acatafs

    an pcdkf lr lg nlt pcdnnane tl usf tjfsf kdpd`acatafs wds stacc unglchane ds tjdt stuhy wds

    wrattfn.Xjffnlrilusklstlgnlt gafchane tjfsfkdpd`acatafs askcfdr tlhdy. Atsdprakf tjf

    V.[. as pdyane an cavfs dnh an ndtalndc trfdsurf. Xjf 0228 rfplrt nltfh tjf wahf sft lg

    rfquarfifnts tjdtiust`fift tldhhrfss tjf gucc cagfkykcflgjlstacatafs.Xjasstuhy tdmfs

    antl dkklunt tjf l`sfrvdtalns dnh rfkliifnhdtalns lg tjdt fgglrt, fxtfnhane ats

    rfkliifnhdtalns

    antl

    klnkfpts

    tl

    fnjdnkf

    tjf

    kdpd`acatafs

    lg

    tjf

    V.[.

    Elvfrnifnt

    (V[E)

    an

    4IakjdfcX.Gcynn,IdttRlttanefr,dnhRducH.@dtkjfclr,GaxaneAntfc? D@cufprantglrIdmaneAntfccaefnkfPfcfvdnt

    anDgejdnastdn(Udsjanetln,HK?KfntfrglrdNfwDifrakdn[fkuraty,Odnudry0242)?5.Fipjdsasdhhfh.

    0Pfplrt lg tjfHfgfnsf [kafnkf@ldrh 0228 [uiifr [tuhy lnXrdnsataln tl dnhgrliJlstacatafs (Udsjanetln, HK?

    Hfgfnsf[kafnkf@ldrh,Hfkfi`fr0228).

    ;A`ah.,v.Fipjdsasdhhfh.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    11/122

    FZFKVXAWF[VIIDPQ v

    efnfrdc, dnh tjf Antfccaefnkf Kliiunaty (AK) an pdrtakucdr, tl put an pcdkf antfccaefnkf

    kdpd`acatafstjdtsupplrtfifreanerfquarfifntsglrKLANlpfrdtalnstjrluejluttjffntarf

    cagfkykcflgtjlsflpfrdtalns,grlipcdnnane,tlfxat.

    Gandccy, tjf pfrtanfnkf lg tjas rfplrt as dipcagafh`y tjf wlrhs lg [fkrftdry lg Hfgfnsf

    Pl`frtEdtfs,wjlnltfhandndhhrfssdttjfVnatfh[tdtfsIacatdryDkdhfiydtUfstRlant

    tjdt tjf V.[. Driy dnh tjf rfst lg tjf V.[. Elvfrnifnt nffh kdpd`acatafs tl prfvfnt

    gfstfrane prl`cfis grli erlwane antl gucc`clwn krasfs wjakj rfquarf klstcy dnh

    klntrlvfrsadccdrefskdcfDifrakdniacatdryantfrvfntaln.8

    Dstjfndtaln`uachsdnfwndtalndcsfkuratystrukturftjdtdhhrfssfs`ltjecl`dckjdccfnefs

    dnh gaskdc rfdcatafs, tjfsf kdpd`acatafs wacc`f haggakuct tl l`tdan. Xjas rfplrt idmfs spfkagak

    rfkliifnhdtalnsrfedrhanetjfA[PdpprldkjfsdnhrfslurkfsnffhfhtledantjfsfKLAN

    kdpd`acatafs.

    Xfris

    lg

    Pfgfrfnkf

    (XLP).

    Xjf

    V[H(A)s

    XLP

    glr

    tjf

    stuhy

    (Dppfnhax

    D)

    ahfntagafh

    gavf

    tdsms?

    Ujdt as tjf hfvfclpane rlcf lg HlH antfccaefnkf, survfaccdnkf, dnh rfklnndassdnkf

    (A[P)anKLANlpfrdtalns=wjldrftjfkustlifrsdnhwjdtdrftjfrfquarfifnts

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    12/122

    va KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    slkadcskafntasts,dnhdvdraftylgcfdhanetjanmtdnmskjlcdrs.Dklipcftfcastanelg`rafganes

    rfkfavfh`ytjfXdsmGlrkfkdn`fglunhanDppfnhaxK.

    MfyGanhanes.VnhfrcyanetjasstuhysmfyganhanesastjfiuctapjdsfKLANkjdccfnef?tjf

    nffhtlklntanufsupplrtaneKLANlpfrdtalnsanDgejdnastdn=saiuctdnfluscyprfpdraneglr

    fifreanednhurefntKLANskfndralstjdtwaccjdvftl`fiftusanefxastanerfslurkfs=dnh

    `uachane d kdpd`acaty tl hfdc watj clnetfri KLAN skfndrals usane nfw Klnkfpt lg

    Lpfrdtalns(KLNLR[)dnhrfslurkfs.Mfyganhanesdrfprfsfntfhansuiidry`fclw,dnhan

    hftdacan[fktaln8,wjakjdcslprlvahfsrfkliifnhdtalns.

    4.HlHcdkmsdkliilnunhfrstdnhanelgKLAN.

    XjfcdkmlgdsanecfdutjlratdtavfhfganatalnlgKLANasaipfhanedkliilnunhfrstdnhane

    dnh unagafh dpprldkj tl KLAN lpfrdtalns watjan tjf HlH dnh dkrlss tjf V[E.

    DkklipdnyanetjascdkmlghfganatalnasdiuctapcakatylgKLANKLNLR[.

    0.HlH

    dssuifh

    rfsplnsa`acaty

    glr

    KLAN

    A[P

    `y

    hfgduct.

    Hfspatf d ndtalndc strdtfey dnh kavaciacatdry kdipdaen pcdn tjdt kdccs glr d wjlcflg

    elvfrnifnt,plpucdtalnkfntrakdpprldkjtlKLAN,tjfV[Easnltfipclyanedccfcfifnts

    lg ndtalndc plwfr an tjf pcdnnane dnh klnhukt lg KLAN lpfrdtalns. HlH dssuifh

    rfsplnsa`acaty glr vartudccy dcc KLAN antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts`y hfgduct. Anhffh, dpdrt

    grli`fanedsaendtlrytltjf0221V.[.ElvfrnifntKluntfransurefnkyEuahf,tjfHfpdrtifnt

    lg[tdtfjdssjlwncattcffvahfntantfrfstan`uachanelrsupplrtanetjfpdrtnfrsjaphfskra`fh

    `ytjfEuahf.6 XjascdkmlgpdrtnfrsjapaipfhfsprlerfsstlwdrhdwahfrdpprldkjtlKLAN.

    ;. HlH dnh AK lggakadcs tfnh tl glkus ndrrlwcy ln dar`lrnf tfkjnakdc klccfktaln

    kdpd`acatafsdnh

    systfis

    rdtjfr

    tjdn

    ln

    tjf

    wahfr

    kdpd`acatafs

    nffhfh

    tl

    supplrt

    KLAN.

    Xjasl`sfrvdtalnassupplrtfh`ytjfgdkttjdttfkjnakdcklccfktalnpcdtglriskliidnhcdrefr

    plrtalns lg tjf `uheft dnh prlhukf ilrf aiifhadtf fggfkts rdtjfr tjdn clnefr tfri,

    glunhdtalndc anglridtaln glr plpucdtalnkfntrak lpfrdtalns. Xjf Xdsm Glrkf nltfs tjdt

    haskussalns watj HlH sfnalr lggakadcs rfedrhane A[P glr KLAN turnfh grfqufntcy tl tjf

    su`ofkt lg tfkjnakdc klccfktaln systfis dnh kdpd`acatafs wjacf fxkcuhane ltjfr klccfktaln

    slurkfs (f.e. Lpfn [lurkf Antfccaefnkf (L[ANX), Juidn Antfccaefnkf (JVIANX)) dnh

    prlkfssane, fxpclatdtaln, dnh hassfiandtaln (RFH) assufs. Xjf Hfgfnsf [kafnkf @ldrhs

    [uiifr[tuhylg0242nltfhtjdtan0221HlHrfprfsfntfh70pfrkfntlgtjfrfquarfifnts

    glrL[ANX,`utprlvahfhlncy;pfrkfntlgL[ANXgunhane.7 XjfcdkmlgdttfntalntlL[ANX

    as`uttrfssfh`ytjfrfplrtsganhanetjdtan0221HlHjdhlncy48pfrkfntlgtjfAKsL[ANXidnplwfr, dnh gunhfh tjdt prlplrtaln cdrefcy tjrluej Hfgfnsf`uheft suppcfifntdcs.5

    6Vnatfh[tdtfsElvfrnifntKluntfransurefnkyEuahf(Udsjanetln,HK?V[E,Odnudry0221).

    7 Pfplrt lg tjf Hfgfnsf [kafnkf @ldrh 0242 [uiifr [tuhy ln Fnjdnkane Dhdptd`acaty lg V.[. Iacatdry Glrkfs

    (Udsjanetln,HK?Hfgfnsf[kafnkf@ldrh,Odnudry0244)?77.

    5A`ah.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    13/122

    FZFKVXAWF[VIIDPQ vaa

    Lvfrdcc, tjfsf prl`cfis tfnh tl fxkcuhfvdcud`cf slurkfs lg slkadc dnh`fjdvalrdc skafnkf

    hdtd,ankcuhanejuidneflerdpjy.

    8.A[Pkdpd`acatafsjdvfnlt`ffndppcafhfggfktavfcydedanstKLANlpfrdtalns tjdthfdc

    watjplpucdtalns anpdrt`fkdusf d kliprfjfnsavf sftlg antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts glr

    KLANhlfs

    nlt

    fxast.

    Xjfhfgfnsfantfccaefnkfkliiunatyjdsnlttrdnscdtfhtjlsfdspfktslgkliidnhfrsantfnt

    hfdcane watj KLAN antl antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts, tjluej tjf Vnatfh [tdtfs Elvfrnifnt

    AntferdtfhKavacadnIacatdryKdipdaenRcdnglr [upplrt tlDgejdnastdn hfskra`fs an hftdac tjf

    nffh tl glkus ln plpucdtaln sfkuraty, elvfrndnkf, dnh fklnliak hfvfclpifnt.: Xjf

    rfdslnsglrtjasdppdrfntrfcuktdnkftlfnedeflntjasassufdrfvdrafh,`utlnfmfyrfdslnas

    tjdt antfccaefnkf defnkafs, dt cfdst tjlsf an tjfUdsjanetln, H.K.drfd, tfnh tl`frfdktavf,

    wdataneglrqufstalnstl`fdsmfh,rdtjfrtjdntryanetldntakapdtftjfi.Xjasdpprldkjidy

    `ftllklnsfrvdtavfandpfralhlgrdpahslkadckjdnef,prliltfh`yanstdntkliiunakdtalns.

    6.Xjf

    V[E

    as

    nlt

    anvfstane

    dhfqudtfcy

    an

    tjf

    hfvfclpifnt

    lg

    slkadc

    dnh

    `fjdvalrdc

    skafnkfanglridtalntjdtaskratakdccyaiplrtdntglrKLAN.

    Idny, ag nlt ilst, spfkagak KLAN A[P rfquarfifnts drf plpucdtalnkfntrak dnh drf nlt

    fxkcusavfcyslcvd`cfwatjjdrhwdrflrjdrh,pjysakdcskafnkfskafntagakdnhtfkjnakdc([&X)

    slcutalns.Lnfsfnalr antfccaefnkflggakfrwatjyfdrslggafchfxpfrafnkfplantfhluttjdt:2

    pfrkfnt lg usfguc lpfrdtalndc hdtd glr KLAN hlfs nlt klif grli cfedky antfccaefnkf

    haskapcanfs. Ellh antfccaefnkf ln KLAN fxasts lutsahf tjf trdhatalndc antfccaefnkf

    lrednazdtalns.Dntjrlplcleakdc,slkalkucturdc,jastlrakdc,juidneflerdpjakdc,fhukdtalndc,

    pu`cakjfdctj,dnhidnyltjfrtypfslgslkadcdnh`fjdvalrdcskafnkfhdtddnhanglridtaln

    drf nffhfh tl hfvfclp d hffp unhfrstdnhane lg plpucdtalns. [ukj hdtd, klccfktfh dnh

    dndcyzfhusanetjfskafntagakiftjlh,asvatdctlKLANsukkfss.

    7.A[PsupplrtglrKLAN askurrfntcylvfrsjdhlwfh`ykluntfrtfrrlrasi (KX)dnhglrkf

    prltfktalnrfquarfifnts.

    Anrfdctfris,A[PsupplrtlgKLANasnltdsjaejdpralratyglrtjfKli`dtdntKliidnhs,

    Iacatdry Hfpdrtifnts, dnh Hfgfnsf Defnkafs ds KX dnh glrkf prltfktaln, tjus dhvfrsfcy

    aipdktane tjffggfktavfnfsslg KLANlpfrdtalns. KLAN as nltnfkfssdracy dndctfrndtavf tl

    KX=slifA[Prfquarfifntsdrfkliilntl`ltjmanhslglpfrdtalns,`utKLAN,pdrtakucdrcy

    plpucdtalnkfntrakKLAN,rfquarfsslifA[Plgatslwn.

    5.KLAN

    A[P

    jds

    nlt

    `ffn

    dhhrfssfh

    fdrcy

    an

    tjf

    klngcakt

    spfktrui

    dnh

    jds

    nlt

    suggakafntcy ankcuhfh dwjlcflgelvfrnifnt dpprldkj.Xjf cdkm lg glkus ln ankapafnt

    ansurefnkafscaiatslptalnsdnhankrfdsfsrasmlgunrfklvfrd`cfKLANprl`cfis,hfspatf

    tjfkliiatifntlgidolriacatdryglrkfs.

    : Vnatfh [tdtfs Elvfrnifnt Antferdtfh KavacadnIacatdry Kdipdaen Rcdn glr [upplrt tl Dgejdnastdn (Md`uc,

    Dgejdnastdn?Vnatfh[tdtfsFi`dssyMd`uc/V[GLP,Dueust0221).

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    14/122

    vaaa KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    Ansurefnkyjds`ffn tjfilstprfvdcfnt glrilgdrifhklngcaktsankfdt cfdst4181.

    Hfspatf tjdt gdkt, glcclwane tjf Waftndi Udr dnh tjrluej tjf`dcdnkflg tjf Klch

    Udr, tjf V.[. iacatdry fstd`casjifnt turnfh ats `dkm ln ansurefnky, rfgusane tl

    klnsahfr lpfrdtalns dedanst ansurefnts ds dnytjane ltjfr tjdn d cfssfrankcuhfh

    kdsf

    glr

    glrkfs

    strukturfh

    glr

    dnh

    prfpdrfh

    tl

    gaejt

    twl

    idolr

    tjfdtfr

    wdrs.1

    Jastlrakdc stuhafs lg ansurefnkafs lvfr tjf yfdrs jaejcaejt tjf gdkt tjdt ansurefnkafs drf

    ilrf camfcy ag d stdtf kdnnlt prlvahf gunhdifntdc sfrvakfs dnh ag tjf plpucdtaln`fcafvfs

    tjfydrfdtrasm.Andhhataln,ltjfr gdktlrs,sukjdstjfqudcatylg cfdhfrsjap andpdrtakucdr

    kluntrydnh tjdtkluntrysplcatakdckucturfkdn`f aiplrtdnt gdktlrs anwjftjfrlrnltdn

    ansurefnky hfvfclps. Xjf Xdsm Glrkf hlfs nlt prlplsf tjdt dny spfkagak kli`andtaln lg

    gdktlrs wacc rfsuct an dn ansurefnky. Nlnftjfcfss, rfkfnt jastlry kdn `f anstruktavf.

    Klcli`ad,glrfxdipcf,jds`ffnerappfh`ydtfndkalusansurefnky,fvfndstjfhruetrdhf

    jds aipfracfh tjdt elvfrnifnts d`acaty tl elvfrn fggfktavfcy. Klcli`ads strlne plcatakdc

    cfdhfrsjap,jlwfvfr,jdsidhffggfktavfusflgV.[.sfkuratydnhhfvfclpifntdssastdnkf,ds

    wfccdstjfplcatakdcdnhhapclidtaksupplrtlgV.[.cfdhfrs.Dsdrfsuct,tjfV.[.jdsnlt`ffnklipfccfh tl kliiat su`stdntadc V.[. glrkfs tl kli`dt dn ansurefnky dnh hfgfnh tjf

    slvfrfaenprfrledtavfslgKlcli`adselvfrnifnt.Anklntrdst,tjfyfdrscfdhaneuptl1/44

    watnfssfhcattcfV.[.elvfrnifntanvlcvfifntanDgejdnastdn.Dsdrfsuct,V.[.anglridtaln

    slurkfs an Dgejdnastdn wfrf caiatfh, wjakj klnstrdanfh V.[. pltfntadc tl jfcp sjdpf an

    DgejdnastdndsatudtalncfsshdnefrlustlV.[.antfrfsts.Xjffvfntslg1/44cfgttjfV.[.watj

    gfwlptalnsanDgejdnastdn=kli`dtdrfeaiftjdtdcclwfhtfrrlraststldttdkmus,lrcavfwatj

    dhdnefrlusstdtusqul.XjfXdsmGlrkftjfrfglrfouhefstjdtfdrcyantfrvfntalnpralrtldn

    ansurefnkytdmanejlchwlucheavftjfV.[.ilrflptalnsdnhrfhukftjfcamfcajllhlgidolr

    kli`dtantfrvfntaln.42

    Ancaejtlgtjasrfklrh,atastjfvafwlgtjfXdsmGlrkftjdtarrfeucdrwdrgdrfdnhansurefnkafs

    wacc klntanuf tl`f dn fnhurane kjdccfnef tl rfealndc std`acaty dnh V.[. ndtalndc sfkuraty

    antfrfsts. Fifreane dnh fnhurane KLAN assufs nffh dttfntaln nlw. Dhhrfssane pltfntadc

    ansurefnkafs an tjfar ankapafnt pjdsf (a.f., cfgt lg`dne) wacc prlvahf plcakyidmfrs dnh

    kliidnhfrs ilrf wjlcflgelvfrnifnt lptalns dnh d`fttfr prlspfkt glr hftfrrane lr

    prfvfntanetjfnffhglrkli`dtlpfrdtalns.@uachanedklccfktalndnhdndcytakfgglrtcfgtlg

    `dne dcsl prlvahfs tjf ifdns glr sustdanfh, klnsastfnt, dnh ilrf fggfktavf A[P supplrt

    sjluch dn ansurefnky`fklif dktavf. Xjas idmfs nfkfssdry d ilrf glkusfh dpprldkj tl

    KLAN antfccaefnkf supplrt, ankcuhane d Ndtalndc Antfccaefnkf Idndefr (NAI) glr KLAN,

    antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts harfktfh spfkagakdccy tl KLAN (ankcuhane plpucdtalnkfntrak

    mnlwcfhef), dnh d strdtfeak anhakdtalns dnh wdrnane (A&U) ilhfc tl fnd`cf fdrcy

    1 Kjrastlpjfr Rduc, Klcan R. Kcdrmf, dnh @ftj Eracc, Waktlry Jds d Xjlusdnh Gdtjfrs? [lurkfs lg [ukkfss an

    Kluntfransurefnky([dntdIlnakd,KD?XjfPDNHKlrplrdtaln,0242)?xaaa.

    42XjfXdsmGlrkfrfvafwfh6;kdsfstuhafslg ansurefnkafs. Anfvfrykdsftjfdktalns tdmfnwfrfrfdktavfdnh

    lkkurrfhdgtfrtjfansurefnkyjdhtdmfnjlch.[ffMdcfvA.[fpp,@fstRrdktakfsanKluntfransurefnky,Iacatdry

    Pfvafw(IdyOunf0226)?:40.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    15/122

    FZFKVXAWF[VIIDPQ ax

    aipcfifntdtaln lg wjlcflgelvfrnifnt lptalns. [lif A&U anhakdtlrs drf prl`d`cy

    dcrfdhydvdacd`cf.

    d.FggfktavfKLAN,dnh antfccaefnkfglrKLAN,iust rfgcfktdwjlcflgelvfrnifntfgglrt

    dnhwjlcflgelvfrnifntkdpd`acatafs.

    Dsnltfhantjf0228H[@[uiifr[tuhy,tjfV.[.rfquarfstjfifdnstltrdnsatalnantldn

    lutlgjlstacatafs.Nlwjfrf as tjasnffhilrfsdcafnttjdn glrKLAN.Dhhrfssane tjffntarf

    cagfkykcflgKLANrfquarfsmnlwcfhefidndefifntkdpd`acatafstjdtsfrvfdwahfvdraftylg

    V.[. Elvfrnifnt hfpdrtifnts dnh defnkafs (HlH, Hfpdrtifnt lg [tdtf, tjf Antfccaefnkf

    Kliiunaty, ftk.) D NAI glr KLAN wluch `f d`cf tl gdkacatdtf fggakafnt dnh fggfktavf

    antfccaefnkf supplrt tl KLAN fnd`canedmnlwcfhef idndefifnt kdpd`acaty tjdtsupplrts

    wjlcflgelvfrnifnt fgglrts dnh wjakj wluch fnklurdef usf lg d `rldhfr rdnef lg

    anglridtalnslurkfstjdtel`fylnhcfedkyantfccaefnkfklccfktaln.

    :. Xjf hfcuef lg sfnslr hdtd as krfdtane d krasas an prlkfssane, fxpclatdtaln, dnh

    hassfiandtaln

    (RFH)

    dnh

    dsslkadtfh

    kliiunakdtaln,

    ds

    wfcc

    ds

    dn

    ankrfdsane

    nffh

    glr

    dhvdnkfhdndcysastjdtdhhrfssfs`fjdvalrlgerlupsdnhtjfkucturdcgrdifwlrmlgerlup

    hfkasalns.

    Xjfansdtad`cfhfidnhglranglridtalndnhfipjdsaslnklccfktalnasprlhukanedhfcueflg

    hdtd,lvfrwjfcianetjfd`acatytlprlvahfusfguc,dktalnd`cfantfccaefnkfandtaifcyidnnfr.

    Xjas krasas an RFH as fxdkfr`dtfh `y pcdnnfh dnh prlerdiifh klccfktaln dssfts dnh

    hfidnhsnfw[&XslcutalnstlaiprlvftjffggakafnkydnhfggfktavfnfsslgA[Psupplrtglr

    KLAN.

    Ilrflvfr,tjfrfasdnffhtlhfvfclpdnhtrdanpflpcftlhlDhvdnkfhDndcysasdnhtjas

    iust`fhlnfiukjfdrcafrantjfkdrffrslgtjf`fstdndcysts.Xjascfvfclgdndcysasasnffhfh

    dt tjfvfry grlntfnhlgdny guturfklngcakt,nltsfvfrdcyfdrshlwn tjfrldh.Xrdanane glrDhvdnkfhDndcysas wluch stdrtdt tjfvfry`feannanelgdn dndcysts kdrffrdnhklntanuf

    tjrluejlutjas/jfrkdrffr.Atankcuhfscdneudef,hffpkucturdcdwdrfnfss,dnhsfcfktglrislg

    fnvarlnifntdctrdananewjakjfnklurdefsdnhsupplrtsdndcysaslntjfjfdctjlgdrfealn.

    Dndcystsnffhtlidmfprlerfsstlunhfrstdnhtjfkucturfgarstjdnhdnhtjfynffhtlrfturn

    tl kratakdc dssaenifnts watjan tjfar antfccaefnkf defnky. Ilrf dnh ilrf, tjf dndcysts wacc

    nffh tl`fpcdkfh an tjf gafch anlrhfr tl`f`fstplsturfh glr antfccaefnkflpfrdtalnsdnh

    klngcaktsdstjfydrasf.

    1. Nfw dnh fifreane tfkjnlcleafs dnh tfkjnaqufs kdn `f fipclyfh tl aiprlvf

    unhfrstdnhanelgKLANfnvarlnifnts.

    Xfkjnlcleafs drf fifreane tl aiprlvf unhfrstdnhane lg tjf pjysakdc dttra`utfs (ianfrdc

    rfslurkfs,kcaidtfs,eflerdpjafs,ankcuhanekucturdceflerdpjy),dswfccdstjlsfpfrtanfnttl

    ahfntagyanepdttfrnlgcagfdktavatafslgerlupsdnhanhavahudcs.Xfkjnlcleafskdnrfcdtftjfsf

    dttra`utfstlankapafntdnhrfdcansurefnkafs.Nfwdndcytaktfkjnlcleafsjlchtjfprliasflg

    skdcaneuptjfd`acatytlgactfrrdwhdtd,ahfntagyifdnanepdttfrnslgdktavaty,dnhprfsfnt

    dndcystswatjidtfradcusfguc tlunhfrstdnhaneKLANsatudtalns, tjusdcclwanedndcysts tl

    pfrglrirfdcdndcysas,rdtjfrtjdnfxjdusttjfisfcvfskuccanerdwhdtd.Xfkjnlcleykdndcsl

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    16/122

    x KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    `ffipclyfhtlunhfrstdnhwjdt asnlridc andpdrtakucdrfnvarlnifnt,jfcpanetlsplt

    trfnhs tjdt rfprfsfnt dnlidcafs tjdt idy plrtfnh clnetfri kjdnefs dnh tjf rasf lg

    anstd`acaty.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    17/122

    4.ANXPLHVKXALN,XD[MANE,DNH[XVHQ[XPVKXVPF 44

    44.. AANNXXPPLLHHVVKKXXAALLNN,,XXDD[[MMAANNEE,,DDNNHH[[XXVVHHQQ[[XXPPVVKKXXVVPPFF

    Xjas rfplrt klnvfys tjf ganhanes dnh rfkliifnhdtalns lg tjf Rfridnfnt Hfgfnsf

    Antfccaefnkf XdsmGlrkf (Xdsm Glrkflr XG) lg tjfHfgfnsf[kafnkf@ldrhrfcdtavf tl A[P an

    supplrtlgKLANlpfrdtalns.Xjasrfplrtassu`iattfhanrfsplnsftltjfXfrislgPfgfrfnkf

    lgIdrkj:,0242,prlvahfh`ytjfLggakflgtjfVnhfr[fkrftdrylgHfgfnsfglrAntfccaefnkf

    (LV[H(A)).DklpylgtjfXLPasprlvahfhanDppfnhaxDtltjasrfplrt.

    XjasstuhyklifsdtdnaiplrtdntilifntantjffvlcutalnlgV.[.ndtalndcsfkuraty.Dstuhy

    pu`casjfh`y tjfHfgfnsf[kafnkf@ldrh an 0228,fxdianfh tjfnffh tl putkdpd`acatafs an

    pcdkftlprfpdrflndElvfrnifntwahf`dsasglrjlstacatafs,dswfccdstlhaianasjV.[.

    iacatdry anvlcvfifnt an tjlsf dktavatafs an dn lrhfrcy dnh fggfktavf idnnfr. 44 Xjf 0228

    rfplrt nltfh tjf nffh glr kdpd`acatafs an std`acazdtaln dnh rfklnstruktaln= strdtfeak

    kliiunakdtaln=mnlwcfhef,unhfrstdnhanednhantfccaefnkf=dnhahfntagakdtaln,clkdtaln,dnh

    trdkmane glr dsyiiftrak wdrgdrf.40 Xjf prakf lg nlt jdvane tjfsf kdpd`acatafs an pcdkf, lr

    pcdnnane tl usf tjfsf kdpd`acatafs wds stacc unglchane ds tjdt stuhy wds wrattfn. Xjffnlrilushaifnsalnslgtjdtprakfdrfkcfdrtlhdy.AtsdprakftjfV.[.aspdyaneancavfsdnh

    anndtalndctrfdsurf.Xjf0228rfplrtnltfhtjfwahfsftlgrfquarfifntstjdtiust`fifttl

    dhhrfss tjf gucc cagfkykcflgjlstacatafs.Xjasstuhy tdmfs antldkklunt tjfl`sfrvdtalnsdnh

    rfkliifnhdtalns lg tjdt rfplrt, fxtfnhane atsrfkliifnhdtalns antlklnkfpts tl fnjdnkf

    tjfkdpd`acatafslgtjfV[E anefnfrdc,dnhtjfAK anpdrtakucdr,tlput anpcdkfantfccaefnkf

    kdpd`acatafstjdtsupplrtfifreanerfquarfifntsglrKLANlpfrdtalnstjrluejluttjffntarf

    cagfkykcflgtjlsflpfrdtalns,grlipcdnnane,tlfxat.

    Xjf XLP harfktfh tjf Xdsm Glrkf tl prlvahf ganhanes tjdt kdn`f usfh tl angcufnkf A[P

    anvfstifnt hfkasalns ds tjfy rfcdtf tl KLAN. Dctjluej tjf XLP fipjdsazfh skafnkf dnh

    tfkjnlcleyeavfntjfarpltfntadccysaenagakdntklntra`utalntlantfccaefnkfsupplrttlKLAN,

    tjfXLPdcslharfktfhtjfXdsmGlrkftldssfssansurefnkafsdnhunhfrstdnhdplpucdtaln

    an tjfar fnvarlnifnt. Xjf XLP dcsl nltfh tjdt jlst ndtaln kavacadn sfntaifnt kratakdccy

    aipdkts KLAN sukkfss, anhakdtane dntjrlplcleakdc dnh slkalkucturdc gdktlrs iust dcsl`f

    dhhrfssfh.Xjfsfgdktlrs,dnhtjfiuctahaifnsalndc,kldcatalnndturflgKLANlpfrdtalns,

    jdvf aipcakdtalns glr tjf sklpf lg tjas Xdsm Glrkfs fgglrts, d plant idhf kcfdr`y tjf

    haskussalnslggfrfhan[fktalns;.4.0(Ujldrftjfkustlifrs

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    18/122

    40 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    0. UjdtastjfrfkliifnhfhdcclkdtalndnhusflgHlHA[PrfslurkfstlsustdanKLANkdpd`acaty dclne watj ltjfr klipftane antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts, glr fxdipcf,

    kluntfrtfrrlrasi

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    19/122

    4.ANXPLHVKXALN,XD[MANE,DNH[XVHQ[XPVKXVPF 4;

    Xjf Xdsm Glrkf glunh sfvfrdc anklnsastfnt hfganatalns glr tjf tfri KLAN ankcuhfh an d

    vdrafty lg dutjlratdtavf slurkfs, ds wfcc ds haggfrane KLNLR[. Xjfsf haggfrfnt hfganatalns

    dcclw HlH lrednazdtalns dnh AK ifi`frs tl kjllsf tjf lnf(s) tjfy camf`fst, kdusane

    klngusaln dnh haggfrfnt antfrprftdtalns dilne hfkasalnidmfrs dnh lpfrdtlrs. Xjfsf

    haggfrfnkfs drf saenagakdnt wjfn lnf trafs tl rfcdtf KLAN tl ltjfr iacatdry dktalns= f.e.,

    kluntfrtfrrlrasi,arrfeucdrwdrgdrf,dnhglrkfprltfktaln.

    HlH A[P dcsl jdsd nui`frlg hfganatalns. An atssaipcfst glri, HlH A[P as usfh`y

    ilst HlH dnh AK ifi`frs tl ifdn tfkjnakdc klccfktaln grli idnnfh lr unidnnfh

    dar`lrnfpcdtglriscamftjfIT1/Pfdpfr,PT8/Ecl`dcJdwm,lrIK40/Ca`frty.Xjasvafw,

    wjfn dppcafh tl KLAN, tfnhs tl fxkcuhf ltjfr trdhatalndc slurkfs lg antfccaefnkf= f.e.,

    L[ANX dnh JVIANX. At dcsl aenlrfs dnh prfkcuhfs tjf usf lg ltjfr fxtrfifcy vdcud`cf

    slurkfs lg hdtd dnh mnlwcfhef grli tjf slkadc skafnkfs tjdt jdvf pdrtakucdr utacaty glr

    KLAN.Xjfsftfris,dnhdhfskraptalnlgjlw tjfXdsmGlrkfusfhtjfi,drfdhhrfssfh an

    erfdtfrhftdacan[fktaln0lgtjfrfplrt.

    Xjf sfklnh pdrt lg tjf garst tdsm (wjl drf tjf kustlifrs dnh wjdt drf tjf

    rfquarfifnts

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    20/122

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    21/122

    4.ANXPLHVKXALN,XD[MANE,DNH[XVHQ[XPVKXVPF 46

    GAEVPF0.[XVHQKLNXFZXXULAIRFPDXAWF[

    Xjf XG idmfs d nui`fr lg rfkliifnhdtalns watj rfspfkt tl tjfsf fifreane KLAN

    kjdccfnefs,fvfndstjfV.[.idyjdvftlhfdcwatjilrfurefntKLANskfndrals.XjfXdsm

    Glrkf`fcafvfsnlwastjftaiftlklnsahfrjlwtldhhrfssKLANantfccaefnkfrfquarfifnts

    glrtjfguturf.DstjfV.[.ElvfrnifntKluntfransurefnkyEuahfsprfgdkfnltfs?UjftjfrtjfVnatfh

    [tdtfs

    sjluch

    fnedef

    an

    dny

    pdrtakucdr

    kluntfransurefnky

    as

    d

    idttfr

    lg

    plcatakdc

    kjlakf,`ut tjdt at wacc fnedef an sukj klngcakts hurane tjf hfkdhfs tl klif as d nfdr

    kfrtdanty.47

    A[P glrKLANidyhaggfr grli kluntry tl kluntry,`ut tjfrf drf slif efnfrak`dsak A[P

    rfquarfifnts (tjdtunhfrcaf tjfXdsm Glrkfs ganhanes dnh rfkliifnhdtalns) tjdt kdn`f

    ahfntagafh dnh tjfn ilhagafh tl suat d spfkagak kluntry hfpfnhane ln kurrfnt strdtfeak

    rfquarfifnts.XjfXdsmGlrkf ahfntagafh,ds accustrdtfh anGaeurf;,d rfprfsfntdtavf castlg

    kluntrafs tjdt kurrfntcy plsf d pltfntadc KLAN kjdccfnef. [lif lg tjfsf kluntrafsidy

    rfprfsfntdnfifreaneKLANkjdccfnef,wjacfltjfrsidy`fklifilrfurefnt.Atsjluch`f

    fipjdsazfh tjdt tjas cast as prlvahfh glr accustrdtavf purplsfs dnh hlfs nlt nfkfssdracy

    rfprfsfntdny

    dssfssifnt

    `y

    tjf

    HlH

    lr

    tjf

    AK

    rfedrhane

    fifreane

    KLAN

    satudtalns,

    nlr

    as

    tjfcastanpralratylrhfr.[fttanetjfdktudcpralratafswluch`fdvfryhyndiakprlkfss`dsfh

    lnkurrfntndtalndcsfkuratyl`ofktavfs.

    47A`ah.,v.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    22/122

    47 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    GAEVPF;.RL[[A@CFKLANKJDCCFNEF[

    Xjf Xdsm Glrkf l`sfrvfh tjdt fklnliak krasfs, kcaidtf kjdnef, hfilerdpjak prfssurfs,

    rfslurkfskdrkaty,lrpllrelvfrndnkfkluchkdusftjfsfstdtfs(lrltjfrs)tlgdaclr`fklif

    slwfdmtjdttjfy`fkliftdreftsglrdeerfsslrs/ansurefnts.XjfXdsmGlrkf`fcafvfstjdtd

    elvfrnifnts clss lg ats d`acaty tl fxfrkasf slvfrfaen prfrledtavfs an aiplrtdnt rfealns,

    ankcuhane

    `lrhfr

    drfds,

    dcclwane

    dn

    ansurefnky

    tl

    edan

    kratakdc

    idss,

    idy

    rfprfsfnt

    dn

    aiplrtdnt KLAN prfhaktlr. Anstd`acaty kdn dssuif rfealndc haifnsalns rdpahcy.

    Anglridtaln, ecl`dc anglridtaln angrdstrukturf, dnh slkadcifhad kdn dipcagy tjf spffh,

    antfnsaty, dnh ilifntui lg fvfnts tjdt kjdccfnef rfeaif std`acaty. Xjf tjrfdt lg tjf

    prlcagfrdtalnlgwfdplnslgidssfggfkts antjfjdnhslgilrfndtalnsdnhnlnstdtfdktlrs

    gurtjfrklipcakdtfstjfidttfr.[ukjdrfdskluch`fklifsdnktudrafsgrliwjakjtlcdunkj

    dttdkmslntjfV.[.jlifcdnh,rfkruatpfrslnnfc,dnhgandnkf,trdan,dnhsuppcylpfrdtalns.

    Xjfrfglrf,andhhatalntl[&X,tjfXGkjlsftlfxdianftjfklntra`utalnstjdtslkadcskafnkfs

    (ankcuhane dntjrlplcley dnh slkalcley) kdn idmf tl fnsurane fggfktavf A[P supplrt tl

    KLAN, dswfcc ds tjf anvfstifnts tjdtiaejt`fidhf an juidn rfslurkfs/prlgfssalndc

    hfvfclpifnt.Xjf

    Xdsm

    Glrkfs

    klnsahfrdtalns

    wfrf

    angcufnkfh

    ds

    wfcc

    `y

    haskussalns

    tjdt

    accustrdtfhhaggfrfnkfsdilnetjfkurrfntKLANlpfrdtalns(DgejdnastdndnhArdq),dnhpdst

    dnh prlspfktavf KLAN lpfrdtalns sukj ds an Waftndi, tjfJlrn lgDgrakd, Cf`dnln, lr

    Ifxakl.

    XjfXdsmGlrkfklnkcuhfhtjdt agV.[.plcakyastlhftfrdnhprfvfntKLANsatudtalnsgrli

    `fklianeidolrklngcaktsilrffipjdsassjluch`fpcdkfhcfgtlg`dne(`fglrftjfnffhtl

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    23/122

    4.ANXPLHVKXALN,XD[MANE,DNH[XVHQ[XPVKXVPF 45

    idmfdidolrkliiatifntlgkli`dttrllps)dnhwjacftjfansurefnkyasstaccanatsankapafnt

    pjdsf.Dstjf0244NdtalndcIacatdry[trdtfeylgtjfVnatfh[tdtfslgDifrakdnltfs?Rrfvfntanewdrs as ds aiplrtdnt dswannane tjfi,dnh gdr cfss klstcy. 45Xjfrf drfidny rfdslns tlklnsahfr tjas sjagt tl cfgt lg `dne. Gaeurf 8 suiidrazfs tjf mfy dhvdntdefs dnh

    hasdhvdntdefslgidmanetjassjagt.

    GAEVPF8.DHWDNXDEF[DNHHA[DHWDNXDEF[LGILWANECFGXLG@DNE

    [jluchtjf

    V.[.

    ilvf

    tl

    dcfgt

    lg

    `dne

    dpprldkj

    tl

    KLAN,

    usfguc

    anhakdtlrs

    tl

    jfcp

    prfhakt

    ansurefnky skfndrals dnhhfdcwatj tjfi fdrcy drfnffhfh, tjusidmane anhakdtalns dnh

    wdrnanes (A&U) anhakdtlrs dn aiplrtdnt kliplnfnt lg guturf KLAN pcdnnane dnh

    lpfrdtalns (sff Gaeurf 6). At as aiplrtdnt tlnltf tjdt at asplssa`cf tljdvf saiuctdnflus

    lpfrdtalns(f.e.,KLAN,KX,klnvfntalndc,ftk.)hfpfnhanelntjfhfganataln(s)kjlsfn.

    45 Xjf Ndtalndc Iacatdry [trdtfey lg tjf Vnatfh [tdtfs lg Difrakd? Pfhfganane Difrakds Iacatdry Cfdhfrsjap(Udsjanetln,HK?KjdaridnlgtjfOlantKjafgslg[tdgg,:Gf`rudry0244)?5.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    24/122

    4: KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    GAEVPF6.KLANDNHXJFKLNGCAKX[RFKXPVI

    Hurane tjfKlchUdr, tjfV.[.wdsd`cf tlhfvfclpdstrdtfeak A&Uilhfc tjdtwdswfcc

    unhfrstllh. At prlhukfh kcfdrcy hfganfh antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts antfnhfh tl prfvfnt d

    surprasfnukcfdrdttdkm.AthrlvfA[Ppjysakdctfkjnlcleafs,klccfktalniftjlhs,dnhdndcysas=

    atyafchfhmfyanhakdtlrs(prankapdccyiacatdryanndturf)=dnhatrfquarfhdktavatynlris

    tlhasklvfrsaenagakdntkjdnefs.

    At as tjfXdsmGlrkfs`fcafg tjdtdsaiacdrstrdtfeak A&Uilhfckdn`fhfsaenfh glrKLAN.

    Xjasilhfcwluchnffhnfwdnhhaggfrfnt A[Prfquarfifnts=dkcfdrunhfrstdnhanelgtjf

    fnvarlnifntkratakdctlhftfriananekdusfs/lraeanslgprl`cfi(s)=dnhtjfdhhatalnlgslkadc

    skafnkfs tl tjfpjysakdc skafnkfs.Mfy anhakdtlrswaccilst camfcy`fnlniacatdry sukj ds

    plcatakdc, fklnliak, slkadc,dnh clsslgelvfrnifnt slvfrfaenprfrledtavfs anmfy rfealns.

    [ukjdndpprldkjwluch rfquarfdwjlcflgelvfrnifntpcdn tlhftfrianf rfquarfifnts,

    klccfktaln,dndcytakdc,dnhhassfiandtalnpralratafs.

    Ujacf d plpucdtalnkfntrak dpprldkj tl Dgejdnastdn dppfdrs wfccsuatfh tl tjf vaccdef

    `dsfh ndturf lg Dgejdn slkafty, d haggfrfnt dpprldkj idy `f rfquarfh tl kluntfr

    ansurefnkafstjdt

    hrdw

    tjfar

    strfnetj

    grli

    hrue

    kdrtfcs

    lr

    ltjfr

    iltavdtane

    glrkfs.

    Nlnftjfcfss, rfkfntKLAN tjanmanejds`ffn angcufnkfherfdtcy`y tjfplpucdtalnkfntrak

    vafwlgKLAN,lnftjdtfipjdsazfsslkadc,plcatakdc,dnhkucturdcklntfxtdsiukjdshftdacfh

    anglridtalnd`lut tjfdhvfrsdry.DsIEGcynnnltfs,tfnhfnky tllvfrfipjdsazfhftdacfhanglridtalnd`luttjffnfiydttjffxpfnsflgtjfplcatakdc,fklnliak,dnhkucturdcfnvarlnifnt4:4:

    Gcynn,ftdc.,GaxaneAntfc,5.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    25/122

    4.ANXPLHVKXALN,XD[MANE,DNH[XVHQ[XPVKXVPF 41

    Xjas vafw lg kurrfnt KLAN hlktranf dppfdrs tl fxfrt ilrf lr cfss angcufnkf ln iacatdry

    cfdhfrs, hfpfnhane ln tjfar lrafntdtaln dnh fxpfrafnkf. Ujacf tjas Xdsm Glrkf hlfs nlt

    fxprfssdnlpanalnlnKLANhlktranfdnhklnkfptslglpfrdtalns,atvafwstjfslkadcskafnkfs

    ds aiplrtdnt tl unhfrstdnhane tdreft plpucdtalns, tjf rlcf lg ansurefnkafs watjan dnh

    klnnfktfhtltjfsfplpucdtalns,dnhtjfnffhtlsfpdrdtftjfantfrfstslgtdreftplpucdtalns

    grli tjlsf lg ansurefnkafs. Xjf Xdsm Glrkf dcsl nltfs tjdt plstUlrch Udr AA skafntagak

    rfsfdrkj ankcuhfh wlrm an tjf hfvfclpifnt lg lrednazdtalndc hfsaen dnh hyndiaks dnh

    systfis dndcysas ds wdys tl dpprldkj rfsucts hravfn iacatdry lpfrdtalns dnh tjf fggakafnt

    dcclkdtalnlgrfslurkfstldkjafvfrfsucts.

    An efnfrdc, tjf Xdsm Glrkf vafws V.[. kluntfransurefnky ds dn fgglrt tl hfny sukkfss tl

    ansurefntilvfifntswjlwluchusftjftfrratlrytjfyklntrlctlfnhdnefrtjfsdgftylgtjf

    Vnatfh[tdtfsdnhatsdccafs.Dsdrfsuct,tjfsklpflgtjfXdsmGlrkfsklnsahfrdtalnankcuhfh

    tjf wahf rdnef lg pltfntadc KLAN skfndrals dnh lpfrdtalns= d wahf vdrafty lg skafnkf,

    tfkjnlcley, dnh ltjfr rfslurkfs=dnhd vafw tjdtskafnkf ankcuhfs tjf usflg tjfskafntagak

    iftjlh lg jypltjfsas efnfrdtaln, hdtd klccfktaln, dnh dndcysas dsslkadtfh watj tjf slkadcskafnkfs.Dnycfgtlg`dnedpprldkjtlKLANwaccrfquarftjfusflgslkadcskafnkfsanA[P,

    andhhatalntltjfdppcakdtalnlgtjfpjysakdcskafnkfs.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    26/122

    02 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    00.. HHFFGGAANNAANNEEKKLLAANNDDNNHHAA[[PP

    Xjf Xdsm Glrkf rfvafwfh kurrfnt plcaky, hlktranf, strdtfey, dnh pcdns tjdt fstd`casj tjf

    vasaln,l`ofktavfs,euahfcanfs,dnhrfsplnsa`acatafswatjan tjfV[Ednh tjfHlH glrKLAN=

    ltjfr

    dspfkts

    lg

    arrfeucdr

    wdrgdrf

    ankcuhane

    KX,

    unklnvfntalndc

    wdrgdrf

    (VU),

    glrfaen

    antfrndc hfgfnsf (GAH), dnh std`acaty lpfrdtalns ([L)= ds wfcc ds A[P. Xjf purplsf lg tjf

    rfvafwwdstlfstd`casjdkcfdr`dsfcanfglrtjasstuhy.

    An rfvafwane tjfsf dutjlratdtavf slurkfs, tjf Xdsm Glrkf glunh tjdt tjfrf as su`stdntadc

    plcaky euahdnkf ln mfy dspfkts lg KLAN dnh A[P ds wfcc ds nuifrlus, dnh anklnsastfnt

    hfganatalnslgtjfmfytfrisdsslkadtfhwatjtjasstuhy.Fxdipcfslgtjfsfhaskrfpdnkafsdrf

    haspcdyfhanXd`cfs4dnh0.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    27/122

    0.HFGANANEKLANDNHA[P 04

    Kluntfransurefnky(KLAN)

    Hfganataln [lurkf

    4 Xjf`cfnhlgkliprfjfnsavfkavacadndnhiacatdryfgglrtshfsaenfhtl

    saiuctdnfluscyklntdanansurefnkydnhdhhrfssatsrlltkdusfs.Vncamf

    klnvfntalndcwdrgdrf,nlniacatdryifdnsdrflgtfntjfilstfggfktavf

    fcfifnts,watj

    iacatdry

    glrkfs

    pcdyane

    dn

    fnd`cane

    rlcf.

    V.[.ElvfrnifntAntfrdefnkyKLAN

    Euahf(Odn0221)

    0 Xjlsfiacatdry,pdrdiacatdry,plcatakdc,fklnliak,psykjlcleakdc,dnhkavak

    dktalnstdmfn`ydelvfrnifnttlhfgfdtansurefnky.

    OlantRu`cakdtaln(OR)420

    HfpdrtifntlgHfgfnsfHaktalndrylg

    IacatdrydnhDsslkadtfhXfris(Dprac

    0224,difnhfh0242)

    ; Kliprfjfnsavfkavacadndnhiacatdryfgglrtstdmfntlhfgfdtdnansurefnky

    dnhtldhhrfssdnyklrferafvdnkfs.OR;08 KLANLpfrdtalns(Lkt0221)

    8 Dkluntfransurefnkykdipdaenasdiaxlglggfnsavf,hfgfnsavf,dnh

    std`acatylpfrdtalnsklnhuktfhdclneiuctapcfcanfslglpfrdtalns.

    DriyGafchIdnudc(GI); 08

    Kluntfransurefnky(Hfk0227)

    6 KLANlpfrdtalnsankcuhfsupplrtanedJlstNdtalnsiacatdry,

    pdrdiacatdry,plcatakdc,fklnliak,psykjlcleakdc,dnhkavakdktalnstdmfntl

    hfgfdtdnansurefnky.Dvlahanetjfkrfdtalnlgnfwansurefntsdnhglrkane

    fxastane

    ansurefnts

    tl

    fnh

    tjfar

    pdrtakapdtaln

    as

    vatdc

    tl

    hfgfdtane

    dn

    ansurefnky.KLANlpfrdtalnslgtfnankcuhfsfkuratydssastdnkfprlerdis

    sukjdsglrfaeniacatdrysdcfsprlerdis,tjfglrfaeniacatdrygandnkane

    prlerdi,dnhantfrndtalndciacatdrytrdananednhfhukdtalnprlerdis.

    [fvfnmfyKLANCanfslgFgglrt?4)Fstd`casjkavacsfkuraty

    0)Fstd`casjkavacklntrlc

    ;)[upplrtJNsfkuratyglrkfs

    8)[upplrttlelvfrndnkf

    6)Pfstlrffssfntadcsfrvakfs

    7)[upplrttlfklnliakdnhangrdstrukturfhfvfclpifnt

    5)Klnhuktanglridtalnfnedefifnt

    GIA; 08.0XdktaksanKLAN(Idrkj

    0221)

    7 [upplrttlKLANashfganfhdssupplrtprlvahfhtldelvfrnifntantjf

    iacatdry,pdrdiacatdry,plcatakdc,fklnliak,psykjlcleakdc,dnhkavakdktalnat

    unhfrtdmfstlhfgfdtansurefnky(OR420).Aipcakatantjashfganatalnasd

    cfeataidtfpdrtnfr

    ndtaln

    (RN)

    elvfrnifnt

    an

    plwfr

    watj

    slif

    kdpdkaty

    tl

    harfktdnhklnhuktKLANlpfrdtalns.[upplrttlKLANkdnankcuhfanharfkt

    supplrt,harfktsupplrt(nltanvlcvanekli`dt)dnhharfktsupplrt(anvlcvane

    kli`dt).

    Dar

    Glrkf

    Hlktranf

    Hlkuifnt

    (DGHH)

    0;ArrfeucdrUdrgdrf(Dueust0225)

    5 Xjfsftlgplcatakdc,fklnliak,slkadc,iacatdry,cdwfnglrkfifnt,kavacdnh

    psykjlcleakdcdktavatafswatjtjfdaitlhfgfdtansurefnkydnhdhhrfssdny

    klrferafvdnkfs.

    @a[KOlantLpfrdtalnsEuahfcanfs

    (OLE)42/24(NDXL)(Idy0242)

    : Dttra`utfslgKLAN?

    Rlcatakdcpraidky(dnhdkcfdrcyhfganfhplcatakdcl`ofktavf)

    Atasdstrueecfglrtjfplpucdtaln,nltdedansttjfplpucdtaln

    Xjfrfcfvdnkflgcfeataidky

    Antfccaefnkfhravfslpfrdtalns

    Vnatylgfgglrt(tjfrfquarfifntlgdkllrhandtfhelvfrnifnt strukturf)

    Nfutrdcazftjfansurefnkydnhaslcdtftjfansurefntsgrlitjfarsupplrt

    Rrfpdrf

    glr

    dprltrdktfh

    kdipdaen

    [fkuratyunhfrtjfrucflgcdwasfssfntadc

    Jdnhlvfrrfsplnsa`acatytltjfclkdcglrkfsdssllndsprdktakd`cf

    Cfdrndnhdhdptquakmcy

    DccafhOlantHlktranf(DOR);.8.8Olant

    HlktranfglrKLAN(NDXLpu`ln

    KLAN)(Nlv022:)

    [email protected][LGKLAN

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    28/122

    00 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    Antfccaefnkf,[urvfaccdnkf,dnhPfklnndassdnkf(A[P)

    Hfganataln [lurkf

    4 Dndktavatytjdtsynkjrlnazfsdnhantferdtfs tjfpcdnnanednh

    lpfrdtaln

    lg

    sfnslrs,

    dssfts,

    dnh

    prlkfssane,

    fxpclatdtaln,

    dnh

    hassfiandtalnsystfisanharfktsupplrtlgkurrfntdnhguturflpfrdtalns.

    Xjasasdnantferdtfhantfccaefnkfdnhlpfrdtalnsgunktaln.

    OR420HaktalndrylgIacatdrydnh

    Dsslkadtfh

    Xfris

    (Dprac

    0224,

    difnhfh0242)

    0 Antfccaefnkf,survfaccdnkf,dnhrfklnndassdnkfasdndktavatytjdt

    synkjrlnazfsdnhantferdtfstjfpcdnnanednhlpfrdtalnlgsfnslrs,

    dssfts,dnhprlkfssane,fxpclatdtaln,dnhhassfiandtalnlgsystfisan

    harfktsupplrtlgkurrfntdnhguturflpfrdtalns.Xjasasdnantferdtfh

    antfccaefnkf dnhlpfrdtalnsgunktaln.GlrDriyglrkfs,tjaskli`anfhdris

    lpfrdtalnglkusfslnpralratyantfccaefnkfrfquarfifntswjacfdnswfrane

    tjfkliidnhfrskratakdcanglridtalnrfquarfifnts.(OR024klntdansA[P

    hlktranf.)XjrluejA[P,kliidnhfrsdnhstdggsklntanuluscypcdn,tdsm,

    dnhfipclyklccfktalndssftsdnhglrkfs.Xjfsfklccfkt,prlkfss,dnh

    hassfiandtftaifcydnhdkkurdtfanglridtaln,kli`dtanglridtaln,dnh

    antfccaefnkf tlsdtasgytjfkliidnhfrskratakdcanglridtalnrfquarfifnts

    (KKAP)dnh

    ltjfr

    antfccaefnkf

    rfquarfifnts.

    Ujfn

    nfkfssdry,

    A[P

    dssfts

    idyglkuslnspfkadcrfquarfifnts,sukjdsanglridtalnrfquarfhglr

    pfrslnnfcrfklvfrylpfrdtalns.Atsupplrtsguccspfktruilpfrdtalns

    tjrluejglurtdsms? A[Psynkjrlnazdtaln,A[Pantferdtaln,[urvfaccdnkf,

    Pfklnndassdnkf.

    GI;2Lpfrdtalns(Gf`022:)

    ; Xjfpurplsflgantfccaefnkf, survfaccdnkf,dnhrfklnndassdnkf(A[P)

    lpfrdtalnshuranedKLANastlhfvfclptjfantfccaefnkf nffhfhtldhhrfss

    tjfassufshravanetjfansurefnky.[fvfrdcgdktlrsdrfpdrtakucdrcy

    aiplrtdntglrA[PlpfrdtalnsanKLANfnvarlnifnts.Xjfsfankcuhftjf

    glcclwane? dglkuslntjfclkdcplpucdkf=klccfktalnlkkurranedtdcc

    fkjfclns=clkdcazfhndturflgansurefnkafs.

    GI;08Kluntfransurefnky(Hfk

    0227)

    8 XjfeldclgA[Plpfrdtalnsastlprlvahfdkkurdtf,rfcfvdnt,dnhtaifcy

    antfccaefnkf tlhfkasalnidmfrs.XjfDarGlrkf`fstdkjafvfstjaseldc

    tjrluejfggfktavffipclyifntlgA[Pkdpd`acatafs,dnh`ykdpatdcazaneln

    tjfantfrlpfrd`acaty

    fxastane

    dilne

    lur

    A[P

    systfis,

    ds

    wfcc

    ds

    nln

    trdhatalndcslurkfs,tlkrfdtfsynfreytjrluejantferdtaln.

    DGHH01A[P(Ouc0225)

    6 [urvfaccdnkfdnhrfklnndassdnkfrfgfrtltjfifdns`ywjakjtjf

    anglridtalnasl`sfrvfh.[urvfaccdnkfassystfidtakl`sfrvdtalntl

    klccfktwjdtfvfrhdtdasdvdacd`cf,wjacfrfklnndassdnkfasdspfkagak

    iassalnpfrglrifhtll`tdanspfkagakhdtd.

    IacatdryXrdnsglridtaln?

    Antfccaefnkf[urvfaccdnkf,dnh

    Pfklnndassdnkf(Odn022;)

    [email protected][LGA[P

    Dsanhakdtfhprfvaluscy,haggfrfnthfganatalnslgtfrisdnhdsslkadtfhantfrprftdtalnslgtjfar

    ifdnanedcclwtjfHlHkliplnfnts,ankcuhanetjfantfccaefnkfkliplnfntslgtjfiacatdry

    hfpdrtifntsdnhkli`dtdntkliidnhsdnhtjfkli`dtsupplrtdefnkafstjdtdrfpdrtlgtjf

    AK, tl kjllsf tjf lnf(s) tjfy prfgfr. Xjas, an turn, prlhukfs d cdkm lg kcdraty dnh kdusfs

    klngusalnd`lutwjdtasifdnt`y`ltjKLANdnhA[P.

    [lifhfgfnsflggakadcs,glrfxdipcf,nfatjfrhaggfrfntadtfKLANgrliltjfrarrfeucdrwdrgdrf

    lpfrdtalnssukjdsKXnlrhastaneuasjatgrlitrdhatalndcmanftakiacatdrylpfrdtalns.Ujacf

    arrfeucdr wdrgdrf kdn `f klnhuktfh anhfpfnhfntcy lr an kli`andtaln watj trdhatalndc

    wdrgdrf (sff Gaeurf 6), KLAN as pdrt lg d spfktrui lg arrfeucdr wdrgdrf dktavatafs dnh

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    29/122

    0.HFGANANEKLANDNHA[P 0;

    lpfrdtalns ankcuhane KX, VU, GAH, dnh [L. Jlwfvfr, rfdc hastanktalns fxast dilne

    trdhatalndc wdrgdrf dnh arrfeucdr wdrgdrf dnh tjf gdacurf tl unhfrstdnh tjf haggfrfnkfs

    `ftwffn KLAN, KX, glrkf prltfktaln, dnh klnvfntalndc stramf lpfrdtalns jds dhvfrsf

    klnsfqufnkfsglrtjffxfkutalnlgV.[.ndtalndcsfkuratyplcakydnhstrdtfey.Xjasgdacurfjds

    dhfcftfralusfggfktlntjfHlHdnhAKsunhfrstdnhanelgtjfantfccaefnkfrfquarfifntsglr

    fggfktavfsupplrtlgV.[.,iuctandtalndc,dnhkldcatalnKLANlpfrdtalns.

    XjfXdsmGlrkfhasklvfrfhdsaiacdrcdkmlgkcdratydnhklngusalnwatjandnh`ftwffnHlH

    kliplnfnts dnh tjf AK d`lut tjf tfri A[P. Xjf deerfedtaln lg A[P as atsfcg slifwjdt

    klngusanesankf atfqudtfstjf aiplrtdnkflg antfccaefnkf,survfaccdnkf,dnhrfklnndassdnkf.

    Angdkt,antfccaefnkf astjfl`ofktavflgA[P,dnhsurvfaccdnkfdnhrfklnndassdnkfdrfkdrrafh

    luttlklntra`utftltjdtl`ofktavf.

    Ilrflvfr(dnhdsnltfhprfvaluscy),tjfXdsmGlrkfglunhtjdtsliffqudtfHfgfnsfA[P

    watjtfkjnakdcklccfktalnanefnfrdcdnhidnnfhdnhunidnnfhdarkrdgtanpdrtakucdr.[ukj

    iasantfrprftdtaln

    unnfkfssdracy

    klnstrdans

    tjf

    vafw

    lg

    plcakyidmfrs,

    pcdnnfrs,

    dnh

    wdrgaejtfrstldrfcdtavfcyndrrlwsftlgtfkjnakdcklccfktalnpcdtglrisrdtjfrtjdntjf`rldh

    drrdylgdssftsrfslurkfh`ytjfIacatdryAntfccaefnkfRrlerdi(IAR),iukjcfsstjflvfrdcc

    kdpd`acatafsdnhkdpdkatylgtjfndtalnsantfccaefnkffntfrprasf.

    A[P glr KLAN (dnh A[P an efnfrdc) ankcuhfs dcc antfccaefnkf haskapcanfs, dcc slurkfs lg

    anglridtaln, dnh dcc dspfkts lg tjf prlkfss lg klccfktane hdtd dnh turnane at antl

    lpfrdtalndccy usfguc antfccaefnkf upln wjakj tl fstd`casj klntfxt, krfdtf mnlwcfhef, dnh

    anglrihfkasalnsdnhdktalns.Atfnklipdssfspcdnnanednhharfktalnlgantfccaefnkf,iassaln

    dnh klccfktaln idndefifnt, tdsmane, juidn dnh tfkjnakdc klccfktaln, prlkfssane,

    fxpclatdtaln, prlhuktaln, dnh hassfiandtaln. Ilrflvfr, watj rfspfkt tl L[ANX at ankcuhfs

    nlntrdhatalndc slurkfs lg plcatakdc, slkalkucturdc,`fjdvalrdc, fklnliak, dnh ltjfr slkadc

    skafnkfanglridtalnglunhantjfpu`cakdnhpravdtfsfktlrs.

    Glrtjfpurplsfslgtjasstuhy,tjfXdsmGlrkfusfhtjfhfganatalnsglunhanOlantRu`cakdtaln

    (OR)420,HfpdrtifntlgHfgfnsfHaktalndrylgIacatdrydnhDsslkadtfhXfris?41

    ArrfeucdrUdrgdrf(AU)?Dvalcfntstrueecfdilnestdtfdnhnlnstdtfdktlrsglr

    cfeataidky dnh angcufnkf lvfr tjf rfcfvdnt plpucdtaln(s). Arrfeucdr wdrgdrf gdvlrs

    anharfktdnhdsyiiftrakdpprldkjfs,tjluejatidyfipclytjfguccrdneflgiacatdry

    dnh ltjfr kdpdkatafs, an lrhfr tl frlhf dn dhvfrsdrys plwfr, angcufnkf, dnh wacc.

    (087)

    Ansurefnky? Xjf lrednazfh usf lg su`vfrsaln lr valcfnkf `y d erlup lr

    ilvfifnt tjdt sffms tl lvfrtjrlw lr glrkf kjdnef lg d elvfrnane dutjlraty.

    Ansurefnkykdndcslrfgfrtltjferlupatsfcg.(0;;)

    41OR420HfpdrtifntlgHfgfnsfHaktalndrylgIacatdrydnhDsslkadtfhXfris(Udsjanetln,HK?XjfOlant[tdgg,Dprac

    0242).

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    30/122

    08 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    Kluntfransurefnky (KLAN)? Kliprfjfnsavfkavacadndnhiacatdryfgglrts tdmfn

    tlhfgfdtdnansurefnkydnhtldhhrfssdnyklrferafvdnkfs.(444)

    Kluntfrtfrrlrasi (KX)? Dktalns tdmfn harfktcy dedanst tfrrlrast nftwlrms dnh

    anharfktcytlangcufnkfdnhrfnhfrecl`dcdnhrfealndcfnvarlnifntsanjlspatd`cftl

    tfrrlrastnftwlrms.(44;)

    Antfccaefnkf?Xjfprlhuktrfsuctane grli tjfklccfktaln,prlkfssane, antferdtaln,

    fvdcudtaln,dndcysas,dnh antfrprftdtalnlgdvdacd`cf anglridtalnklnkfrnane glrfaen

    ndtalns, jlstacf lr pltfntadccy jlstacf glrkfs lr fcfifnts, lr drfds lg dktudc lr

    pltfntadc lpfrdtalns. Xjf tfri as dcsl dppcafh tl tjf dktavaty wjakj rfsucts an tjf

    prlhuktdnhtltjflrednazdtalnsfnedefhansukjdktavaty.(0;8)

    [urvfaccdnkf? Xjf systfidtak l`sfrvdtaln lg dfrlspdkf, surgdkf, lr su`surgdkf

    drfds,pcdkfs,pfrslns,lr tjanes`yvasudc,durdc,fcfktrlnak,pjltlerdpjak,lrltjfr

    ifdns.(867)

    Pfklnndassdnkf?Diassalnunhfrtdmfntll`tdan,`yvasudcl`sfrvdtalnlrltjfr

    hftfktaln iftjlhs, anglridtaln d`lut tjf dktavatafs dnh rfslurkfs lg dn fnfiy lr

    dhvfrsdry, lr tl sfkurf hdtd klnkfrnane tjf iftflrlcleakdc, jyhrlerdpjak, lr

    eflerdpjakkjdrdktfrastakslgdpdrtakucdrdrfd.(;1;)

    A[P?Dndktavatytjdtsynkjrlnazfsdnhantferdtfstjfpcdnnanednhlpfrdtalnlg

    sfnslrs, dssfts, dnh prlkfssane, fxpclatdtaln, dnh hassfiandtaln systfis an harfkt

    supplrt lg kurrfnt dnh guturf lpfrdtalns. Xjas as dn antferdtfh antfccaefnkf dnh

    lpfrdtalnsgunktaln.(0;5)

    Ansuiidry,angcufnkaneglrfaenelvfrnifntsdnhplpucdtalnsasdklipcfxdnhanjfrfntcyplcatakdcdktavaty.Xjfiacatdryrlcfanarrfeucdrwdrgdrfkdipdaensanefnfrdc,dnhKLANan

    pdrtakucdr rfquarfs tjf d`acaty tl pcdn, klnhukt, dnh sustdan antferdtfh lpfrdtalns lg

    antfrdefnky dnh iuctandtalndc kavacadn dnh iacatdry lrednazdtalns tl supplrt d glrfaen

    elvfrnifntlrplpucdtalntjrfdtfnfh`yarrfeucdrdhvfrsdrafs.Anltjfrwlrhs,atrfquarfs

    tjfwjlcflgelvfrnifntdpprldkjhfskra`fh`ytjf[fkrftdrafslg[tdtfdnhHfgfnsfantjf

    V.[. Elvfrnifnt Kluntfransurefnky Euahf. Ujacf V.[. glrkfs drf supfr`cy trdanfh an tjf

    trdhatalndcdspfktslgvalcfntkli`dt,tjfsfarrfeucdrwdrgdrfdnhKLANkdipdaensidygdac

    ag wdefh `y iacatdry ifdns dclnf. Eavfn tjdt at as V[E plcaky tl hftfr dnh kluntfr

    ansurefnkafs,tjfntjfhfgfnsfantfccaefnkfkliiunatysjluchpcdkfilrffipjdsaslncfgt

    lg`dne

    `fglrf

    tjf

    nffh

    glr

    d

    cdref

    kliiatifnt

    lg

    V.[.

    kli`dt

    trllps

    wjacf

    dn

    ansurefnkyasstaccandnankapafntstdeflghfvfclpifnt,dnhtjdttjfwjlcflgelvfrnifnt

    dpprldkjsjluch`feavfntjfkdpd`acatafsnfkfssdrytlsukkffh.A[Psjluch`fkrdgtfhdnh

    rfslurkfhtlsupplrttjasdpprldkj.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    31/122

    ;.XLPXD[M[ 06

    ;;.. XXLLPPXXDD[[MM[[

    ;.4. XLPXD[M4?UJDXA[XJFHFWFCLRANEPLCFLGHLHA[PANKLAN

    LRFPDXALN[=UJLDPFXJFKV[XLIFP[DNHUJDXDPFXJFPFTVAPFIFNX[

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    32/122

    07 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    XjfV[H(A)asdssaenfhrfsplnsa`acatytl?

    d. Idantdan stdnhdrhs dnh euahf tjf hfvfclpifnt lg kdpd`acatafs dnh kdpdkaty glr

    pfrsastfnt antfccaefnkf, survfaccdnkf, dnh rfklnndassdnkf dnh dssfssifnt lg

    lpfrdtalndc drfds dnh fnvarlnifnts tjdt idy sfrvf ds sdgf jdvfns glr arrfeucdr

    tjrfdts.

    `. Dhvdnkf antfccaefnkf dnh anglridtaln pdrtnfrsjaps watj antfrdefnky dnh

    antfrndtalndc pdrtnfrs, ds dpprlpradtf, tl ahfntagy dnh prfvfnt lr hfgfdt arrfeucdr

    tjrfdtsgrlistdtfdnhnlnstdtfdktlrsdkrlsslpfrdtalndcdrfdsdnhfnvarlnifnts.

    k.Andkklrhdnkfwatjstrdtfeakeuahdnkfhlkuifnts,aiprlvfdccslurkfklccfktalntl

    ahfntagyarrfeucdrtjrfdtsgrlistdtfdnhnlnstdtfdktlrs.Fnsurftaifcyanglridtaln

    hassfiandtaln grli tjf strdtfeak tl tjf tdktakdc cfvfc, rfklenazane tjdt arrfeucdr

    wdrgdrf pcdkfspdrtakucdr rfcadnkf ln rfcfdsd`cfprlhukts tl gdkacatdtfwlrmanewatj

    glrfaensfkuratypdrtnfrs.

    h.Idndeftjfhfvfclpifntlgdpprlpradtfdndcytakdcantfccaefnkfilhfcs,tllcs,dnhhdtdtlprlvahfantfccaefnkfsupplrttlV.[.DrifhGlrkfsglrarrfeucdrwdrgdrf.

    f. Anklrplrdtf antl antfccaefnkf prlhukts anglridtaln hfravfh grli slkadc dnh

    `fjdvalrdcskafnkfslurkfsantjfpu`cakdnhpravdtfsfktlrs.

    g.Rrlofktdktavatypdttfrnslndrfealndcdnhecl`dcskdcfglrdndcyzane`ltjgrafnhcydnhdhvfrsdryjuidnnftwlrmstjrluejilhfcanednhsaiucdtalnkdpd`acatafs.

    e. An klnounktaln watj tjf KKHPs, pralratazf kdpd`acatafs tl ahfntagy, clkdtf, trdkm,

    dnh tdreft dhvfrsdry nftwlrms, kfccs, dnh anhavahudcs an lrhfr tl nfutrdcazf tjfarangcufnkfdnhlpfrdtalndckdpdkaty.

    j. Rrliltf antfccaefnkf dnh kluntfrantfccaefnkf kdrffr pdtjs tjdt dttrdkt dnh rftdan

    tjf qudntaty dnh qudcaty lg pfrslnnfc watj arrfeucdr wdrgdrfrfcfvdnt smaccs, an

    kllrhandtaln watj tjf [fkrftdrafs lg tjf Iacatdry Hfpdrtifnts dnh tjf Vnhfr

    [fkrftdrylgHfgfnsfglrRfrslnnfcdnhPfdhanfss(V[H(R&P)).00

    Xjfrfasdsu`stdntadcedp`ftwffntjfplcakyeuahdnkfdnhatsaipcfifntdtaln.Xjasrfplrt

    fxdianfstjlsfrfdslns,ankcuhanetjffxaefnkafslglnelanekli`dtlpfrdtalns.

    ;.4.4. HFWFCLRANEPLCFLGHLHA[PANKLANLRFPDXALN[

    [ankftjf

    fnh

    lg

    tjf

    Klch

    Udr,

    tjf

    glkus

    lg

    tjf

    hfgfnsf

    antfccaefnkf

    kliiunaty

    jds

    kjdnefh

    tl dhhrfss nfw tjrfdts tl V.[. ndtalndc antfrfsts. An dhhataln tl tjf cdref glridtalns lg

    rfcdtavfcy stdtak tdrefts kliprasane tjf drifh glrkfs dnh supplrtane angrdstrukturf lg dn

    dhvfrsdradcstdtf, tjfhfgfnsf antfccaefnkfkliiunatyiustnlw glkuslnsidcc,haspfrsfh

    tdrefts tjdt kjdrdktfrazf sukj nlnstdtf dktlrs ds tfrrlrast dnh ansurefnt nftwlrms. At idy

    00A`ah.,7.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    33/122

    ;.XLPXD[M[ 05

    dcslnffhtlsupplrtwjlcflgelvfrnifntKLANstrdtfeafs,dswfccdssupplrttjffgglrtslg

    dccafswatjwjakjtjfV.[.idyhfsarftlwlrmwatjanifftaneKLANkjdccfnefsdrlunhtjf

    wlrch.[fktaln;.8.4nltfstjdtnftwlrmslgdccafsdnhNELsdrflgtfnanklipdta`cfwatjV.[.

    systfis, tjus janhfrane lpfrdtalns tjdt rfquarf rfslurkfs `fylnh tjlsf lg tjf V.[.

    elvfrnifnt.

    XjfsftjrfdtsdnhnffhshlnltjdvfdkliilnhlktranflrKLNLR[.Xjfyjdvfnfatjfr`ae

    saendturfstll`sfrvfnlrfnhuranesaendcstlantfrkfpt.Xjfyklnkfdctjfisfcvfswatjantjf

    clkdc plpucdtaln dnh utacazf ecl`dc kliiunakdtalns, gandnkf, dnh tfcfkliiunakdtalns

    angrdstrukturfs tl jfcp kliidnh, klntrlc, dnh fxfkutf tjfar lpfrdtalns. Xjfsf tjrfdts drf

    jahhfn,idsmfh,dnhgcfftane.Ilrflvfr,kluntfrdktanetjfsftjrfdtsdnhhfnyanetjfitjf

    d`acaty tl dkjafvf tjfar plcatakdciacatdry l`ofktavfs rfquarfs nfw dnh haggfrfnt typfs dnh

    kli`andtalnslgantfccaefnkf/anglridtaln.

    Dhhrfssane tjfsf nfw tjrfdts tjus rfquarfs antfccaefnkf/anglridtaln nlt lncy grli

    trdhatalndc

    antfccaefnkfslurkfs

    dnh

    iftjlhs,

    `ut

    dcsl

    grli

    dcc

    fkjfclns

    lg

    wdrgaejtfrs

    ds

    wfcc ds nlntrdhatalndc slurkfs. Xjfrf as nl hliandnt lr sanecf antfccaefnkf haskapcanf lr

    slurkflganglridtalntlslcvftjfkjdccfnefsplsfh`yKLANlpfrdtalns.Anhffh,dccslurkf

    dnhiuctaANXantfccaefnkfasfssfntadcglrdkjafvanetjfpfrsastfnt,prfhaktavf,dktavaty`dsfh

    A[PrfquarfhtlsukkfssguccykluntfrdnansurefnkydssjlwnanXd`cf;.

    [fcfktfhA[P[lurkfsglrAU

    KLIANX EIXA

    FCANX XjfridcDndcysas

    GA[ANX Ky`frDktavaty

    FL

    AIANX

    (f.e.,

    RDN,

    I[A,

    GIW)

    JVIANX

    Antfrrledtaln

    PDHDPAIANX [lurkfLpfrdtalns

    PGID[ANX Hf`rafganes

    FLID[ANX @aliftraks

    PDHDPID[ANX JuidnEflerdpjy/XfrrdanDndcysas

    EflpjysakdcID[ANX HlkuifntFxpclatdtaln(HLKFZ)

    Rlstfvfntglrfnsaks Hf`rafganes

    Juidn/KucturdcEflerdpjy [lkadcErlup/NftwlrmHyndiaks

    XD@CF;.[FCFKXFHA[P[LVPKF[GLPAPPFEVCDPUDPGDPF

    VncamftrdhatalndcA[P,wjfrftjfglkustypakdccyaslntjfclkdtalnlgdndntakapdtfhdktavaty,

    A[Pglrarrfeucdrwdrgdrfiustglkuslnhasklvfranetjfunmnlwndktavatylgdndhvfrsdry,

    kjdrdktfrazane at,dnhfxpclatane at.GlrsupplrtlgKLANlpfrdtalns atdcslrfquarfsdkcfdr

    dnhsustdanfhglkuslnplpucdtalnkfntrakdktavatafssukjdselvfrndnkf,hfvfclpifnt,dnh

    clkdc plpucdtaln sliftaifs `fglrf tjf stdrt lg jlstacatafs. Xjas hfidnhs d tjlrluej

    unhfrstdnhane lg jastlrakdc, slkalkucturdc, fklnliak, fhukdtalndc, dnh fnvarlnifntdc

    dspfktslgtjfdrfdlglpfrdtalnsandhhatalntlplcatakdcdnhiacatdrygdktlrsdnhtrfnhs.Xjas

    an turn rfquarfs ilrf `dsak lr gunhdifntdc antfccaefnkf ds wfcc ds dsslkadtfh slkadc,

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    34/122

    0: KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    `fjdvalrdc,dnhplcatakdcskafnkfsanglridtalngrlislurkfsantjfpu`cakdnhpravdtfsfktlrs.

    Xd`cf8klipdrfsdnhklntrdstsltjfrdspfktslgA[Pglrtrdhatalndcvfrsusarrfeucdrwdrgdrf.

    XrdhatalndcUdrgdrfvs.ArrfeucdrUdrgdrf[urvfaccdnkf

    XrdhatalndcUdrgdrfKlnkfpts ArrfeucdrUdrgdrfRdrdhaei

    UdrXaifJlrazln Pfcdtavfcy[jlrtHfkasavf@dttcfs ClneUdr

    RfrsastfntA[P Vn`canmaneFyf[idrtklccfktalnidndefifnt `dsfhln

    tjfgrfqufnkylgkjdnef

    Rfrsastfnt[urvfaccdnkf [anecf[fnslr08/5,AIANXRFH

    Dktavaty[urvfaccdnkf,iuctaANXRFH,

    Fxpclatdtalndnhklccfktalnnlclnefr

    tfiplrdccysynkjrlnazfh

    Eflrfeastrdtaln Hasklvfrytleflrfeastfr Eflrfeastfrtlhasklvfr

    KlccfktalnGlkus Xdrefthravfn Dktavatafsdnhtrdnsdktalnshravfn

    Antfntlgklccfktaln GanhrfidanfhpafkfstldpuzzcfVnhfrstdnhiystfrafs= Vnrdvfc

    nftwlrms

    KlccfktalnRfralh Ianutfs/jlurs Uffms/ilntjs

    RFHpjaclslpjy AIANX IuctaANX

    FxpclatdtalnRrlkfss 4st,0

    nh,;

    rhpjdsffxpclatdtaln

    Xaifpjdsfh,cdyfrfhdpprldkj,Pfdc

    taifdnhglrfnsaks

    RFHRrlhukts AR@/@HD/LvfrwdtkjRFHidynltyafchdganasjfhantfccaefnkf

    prlhukt

    Xdrefts IacatdryLrhfrlg@dttcf Rflpcfdnhnftwlrms

    Xdreft[aendturfs [lvaftstycfiacatdrysaendturfs

    Nlnklnvfntalndcsaendturfssukjds

    lrednazdtalndc strukturf,

    kliiunakdtalns,ilvfifnt

    XdreftAhfntagafr @FNui`fr RrlpfrNdif

    HdtdXdeeane

    [tlvfpapfh

    watjan

    ANX

    Iftdhdtd

    tdeefh

    tl

    canm

    sfnslr

    tl

    dktavatytleflrfgfrfnkftldktaln

    [fnslrutacazdtaln Nltantferdtfh Guccyantferdtfh

    HlktranfdnhXXRs UfccFstd`casjfh Nfwklnkfpts,cfdrnanewjacfhlane

    Xrdanane [anecfANXspfkadcazdtaln IuctaANXLpsAntfcspfkadcazdtaln

    Anglridtalnsjdrane Nffhtlmnlw Nffhtlsjdrf/iuctaANXsynfrey

    [email protected][.APPFEVCDPUDPGDPF[VPWFACCDNKF

    Dsnltfhd`lvf,tjfrfdrfidolredpsanA[Pkdpd`acatafsdnhkdpdkatafsglrKLANlpfrdtalns,

    pdrtakucdrcyanplpucdtalnglkusfhklccfktalndnhdndcysas.Ilrflvfr,tjfrfasdnd`sfnkflg

    dndcytakdc kdpd`acaty tjdt dhjfrfs tl iftjlhlcleafs lg ilhfrn slkadc skafnkf dnh

    psykjlcleakdcrfsfdrkjtfkjnaqufsdnhdssfssifnttllcs.Xjfd`sfnkflgtjasfxpfrtasfantjf

    gafchhfnafsdndcysts,pcdnnfrs,dnhlpfrdtlrsdnaiplrtdntwjdtagtllcglrdssfssanetjf

    klnsfqufnkfslgpcdns.

    Xl tjdt fnh, tjf Xdsm Glrkf glkusfh ln jlw A[P kdn supplrt tjlsf dspfkts lg KLAN, ds

    hfganfh an tjf`rldhfst sfnsf. Xjf Xdsm Glrkf dpprfkadtfs tjf patgdccs lg klnsahfrane tjf

    dppcakdtalnlgHlHA[Pkdpd`acatafstjdtel`fylnhtrdhatalndciacatdrylpfrdtalns,`uttjfrf

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    35/122

    ;.XLPXD[M[ 01

    asdnaipcakatnffhtldppcyslifA[Pkdpd`acatafsdedanstdspfktslgKLANtjdtdrfpraidracy

    kavacadnanndturf.Agwannanelvfrtjfclkdcplpucdkfastjfeldc,tjfntjfV.[.iustfipcly

    A[Pkdpd`acatafsandplpucdtalnkfntrakidnnfrwatjlut,jlwfvfr,prfkcuhaneA[Psanjfrfnt

    vdcufanhfdcanewatjansurefntstjrluejmanftakifdns.

    An pdrtakucdr, d mfy hfvfclpane rlcf lg Hfgfnsf A[P an KLAN dnh ltjfr arrfeucdr wdrgdrf

    rfcdtfh nftwlrm lpfrdtalns as tl prlvahf dktavaty`dsfh antfccaefnkf (D@A). D@A as krlss

    haskapcanfdnhiuctaANXdnhasdppcakd`cf`ltjtlpjysakdcdnhnlnpjysakdcdktavatafsdnh

    trdnsdktalns, ankcuhane slkalkucturdc`fcafgs dnh`fjdvalrs, gandnkadc trdnsdktalns, lpfn

    slurkf anglridtaln,dnhky`frdktavatafs. At cfnhs atsfcg tlunhfrstdnhanepdttfrnslg cagf,

    cdrefrslkadcnftwlrms,dnhunusudclrsuspakalusdktavaty.

    Xjf`cfnhanelgD@Awatjwahfdrfdsurvfaccdnkf,juidneflerdpjy,dnhltjfrkdpd`acatafs

    dppfdrstl`fdpdrtakucdrcyprliasanepdtjglrHlHA[PtlsupplrtKLANlpfrdtalns.[ukj

    d`cfnhwaccjfcpsupplrt?

    Hftfktaln,eflclkdtaln,dnhkjdrdktfrazdtalnlgtrdnsdktalns/dktavatafs=

    Ahfntagakdtalndnheflclkdtalnlgtjffntatafsklnhuktanetrdnsdktalns/dktavatafs=

    Ahfntagakdtalndnheflclkdtalnlgnftwlrmsdilnedktlrs/fntatafs=

    HfvfclpifntlgpdttfrnslgcagfsupplrtaneA&U,prfhaktavfdndcysas,dnhkluntfr

    hfnadcdnhhfkfptaln=dnh

    Vnhfrstdnhanetjf`rldhfrantfrdktalns`ftwffn/dilnenftwlrms.

    ;.4.0. UJLDPFXJFKV[XLIFP[

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    36/122

    ;2 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    iassalns.Dsdrfsuct,idnydspfktslgtjfKLANkdipdaen,`rldhcyhfganfh,drfrfcdtavfcy

    unhfrsfrvfh `y A[P, ankcuhane antfccaefnkf tjdt supplrts dkjafvane tjf trdnsglridtavf

    fggfktskdccfh glr`y tjfKliidnhfr lg tjf Antfrndtalndc [fkuratyDssastdnkfGlrkf (A[DG)

    dnh tjf Vnatfh [tdtfs Di`dssdhlr tl Dgejdnastdn, ds wfcc ds tl supplrt tl std`acaty

    lpfrdtalns

    dnh

    glrfaen

    antfrndc

    hfgfnsf.

    XlsdytjdtA[PunhfrsfrvfhtjfsfdspfktslgKLANasnltifdntdsdkratakasilgjlwA[Pas

    lpfrdtane tlhdy. An idny rfspfkts, A[P as fnlriluscy sukkfssguc an supplrtane tjf

    lpfrdtalnslgV.[.glrkfstlhfgfdttfrrlrastsdnhansurefnts.

    Ujy jdvf A[P kdpd`acatafs nlt`ffn dppcafh klnsastfntcy dedanst tjlsf dspfkts lg KLAN

    lpfrdtalns tjdt hfdc watj plpucdtalns

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    37/122

    ;.XLPXD[M[ ;4

    DkjafvanesfkuratylgtjfplpucdtalnastjfgarststfpandKLANkdipdaen.AnDgejdnastdn,ds

    andnyrfealnsu`ofkttldnansurefnky,tjfpflpcfiustgffcgrffgrlivalcfnkfdnhklfrkaln

    `y ansurefnts, kraiandcs, dnh tfrrlrasts, dnh iust klif tl trust tjf sfkuraty glrkfs lg tjf

    elvfrnifnt tl prltfkt tjfi. Xjf kjdccfnefs tl dkjafvane tjas cfvfc lg sfkuraty an

    Dgejdnastdndrfsu`stdntadc?

    Xjfrfdrfansuggakafntglrkfsprfsfnt(DgejdnNdtalndc[fkuratyGlrkfs(DN[G)dnh

    A[DG)tlsfkurfplpucdtalnkfntfrs.

    DgejdnNdtalndcRlcakf(DNR)hfvfclpifntjdscdeefhhuftlklrruptalndnhd`usf,

    pllrqudcatydnhftjnak`dcdnkflgrfkruats,jaejkdsudctyrdtfs,dttrataln,andhfqudtf

    cleastaks,pllrcfdhfrsjap,ansuggakafntDN[Gkllpfrdtaln,dnhunhfrrfslurkanednh

    ifntlrane.

    Antfrndtalndciacatdrydktalnrfsuctaneankavacadnkdsudctafsfxdkfr`dtfhplpucdr

    ansfkuratydnhankrfdsfhdcafndtaln.

    Xl rfifhy tjfsf sjlrtgdccs dnh krfdtf d sfkurf fnvarlnifnt glr tjf plpucdtaln, tjf

    IkKjrystdc/Famfn`frrykdipdaenpcdnkdccfhglrtwfcvftdsmstl`ffxfkutfh?

    KliiunatyCfvfcXdsms?

    Fstd`casj`dsanednhklnhuktlpfrdtalnsglrsfkuratyprfsfnkfankratakdcdrfds.

    Pfhukfkavacadnkdsudctafsdnhltjfrdktstjdtkrfdtflpplsatalndilnetjf

    plpucdtaln.

    PfglridnhifntlrDNRunatstlprltfktkliiunatafsdnhfstd`casjrucflgcdw.

    Fnsurf

    fqudc

    dkkfss

    tl

    DNR

    rfkruatifnt

    glr

    dcc

    plpucdtaln

    erlups

    tjrluej

    plcatakdc

    lutrfdkj.

    Il`acazfsupplrtdnhtrustglrDN[Gfgglrts.

    RrlvankadcCfvfcXdsms?

    @uachdnhifntlrKLANkdpd`cfDgejdnNdtalndcDriy(DND)tlhfgfdtantfrndc

    tjrfdtsdnhsupplrttjfDNRdsnfkfssdry.

    AiprlvfDN[Gantfrlpfrd`acaty,kllrhandtaln,kllpfrdtaln,dnhiutudcsupplrt,

    pdrtakucdrcyDNDansupplrtlgtjfDNRanklntfstfhdrfds.

    RcdkfDgejdnsankjdreflglpfrdtalnswlrmanetlwdrhstrdnsgfrlgcfdhsfkuratyrfsplnsa`acaty.

    NdtalndcCfvfcXdsms?

    HfvfclpIanastrylgHfgfnsf(ILH),DNDdnhIanastrylgtjfAntfralr(ILA)

    kdpdkatyglrdkkluntd`acaty,antfrlpfrd`acaty,dnhlvfrsaejt.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    38/122

    ;0 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    HfvfclpstrdtfeafsdnhankfntavfstliataedtfjaejcfvfcslgDN[Gdttrataln.

    XdsmsdtdccCfvfcs?

    [upplrtrfhuktalnlgDN[Gklrruptalndnhd`usf.

    Aiprlvf `lrhfr sfkuraty fgglrts tl stfi krlss `lrhfr gclw lg ansurefnts dnh

    ansurefntcleastaks.0;

    FdkjlgtjfsftdsmsaipcafshfsaenanedsftlgA[Ptdsms.Glrfxdipcf,tjfgarsttwltdsmsdt

    tjf Kliiunaty Cfvfc kdcc glr fstd`casjane`dsane dnh d sfkuraty prfsfnkf an kratakdc drfds

    dnhrfhukanekavacadnkdsudctafs(prfsuid`cygrli`ltjansurefntsdnhkldcatalnglrkfs).A[P

    supplrtwluchrfquarfsukj`dsakhdtddspjysakdcdssfssifntslgtfrrdan,canfslgsaejt,dnh

    dkkfss tl mfy angrdstrukturf. Fqudccy aiplrtdnt wluch `f tjf fvdcudtaln lg nlridc

    plpucdtaln ilvfifnt pdttfrnsdnh dktavatafs, kjdrdktfrazdtalnlg kjdnefs anpdttfrns, dnh

    dnunhfrstdnhanelgjlwdktavatafsvdryantjfklursflgdhdylrwffm.

    Pfhukane plpucdtaln kdsudctafs wluch fntdac hftfrianane tjf prlxaiaty lg ansurefnt

    dktavatafstlkavacadnjlifsdnh`usanfssfs.Jlwfvfr,atiaejtdcslifdnhfvfclpanednA[P

    strdtfey tlprldktavfcyhftfkt tjrfdtsdedanstmfy clkdc cfdhfrsdnhrfprfsfntdtavfslg clkdc

    elvfrnifnt, wdrnane kratfrad glr trdnsiattane tjrfdts tl Dgejdns wjl drf tdreftfh, tjf

    kdpd`acatytltrdkmclkdccfdhfrshuranetjrfdtpfralhs,dnhprlkfhurfsglrsfdrkjdnhrfskuf

    lgclkdcs.[ukjdnfgglrtwluchnffhtl`fwlrmfhlutwatjclkdcDgejdnplcakf.

    A[Plpfrdtalndcpcdnnanewaccnffhtltdmfantldkkluntprltfktalnlgslurkfsdnhiftjlhs,

    sjdraneplcakafs,dnhlpfrdtalndc caiatdtalns an tjf clkdcfnvarlnifnt.Ujacffdkjlg tjfsf

    assufswaccrfquarfdhfhakdtfhfgglrttlrfslcvf,tjfilstaiplrtdntplantantjasfxdipcfas

    tjdt A[P usf sjluch`f`dcdnkfh`ftwffn ganh, gax, dnh ganasj (G;) iassalns dnh harfkt

    supplrttlilnatlrtjfsfkuratylgplpucdtalnsdnhmfyanhavahudcs.

    0;Vnatfh[tdtfsAntferdtfhKavacadnIacatdryKdipdaenRcdnglr[upplrttlDgejdnastdn,6.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    39/122

    ;.XLPXD[M[ ;;

    ;.0. XLPXD[M0?UJDXA[XJFPFKLIIFNHFHDCCLKDXALNDNHV[FLGHLH

    A[PPF[LVPKF[XL[V[XDANKLANKDRD@ACAXQDCLNEUAXJLXJFP

    KLIRFXANEANXFCCAEFNKFPFTVAPFIFNX[,GLPFZDIRCFKX

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    40/122

    ;8 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    tjfy wacc krfdtf prl`cfis ag pcdnnfh dnh klnhuktfh watjlut rfedrh glr tjf rfcdtalnsjaps

    dilneKLAN,KX,dnhKAFHlpfrdtalns.

    Xjfklipcfxatylg KLANdnhltjfrkluntfrnftwlrmlpfrdtalnsrfquarfs dstrdtfeakrdtjfr

    tjdndhjlkdpprldkjtlA[Piassalnidndefifnt.Xjfantfccaefnkfrfquarfifntstlsupplrt

    dplpucdtalnkfntrakKLANstrdtfeydrfhaggfrfntgrlitjlsftlkluntfrtfrrlrastnftwlrms.An

    pdrtakucdr,tjfskdcfdnherdnucdratylganglridtalnrfquarfhtldssfsspdttfrnslg`fjdvalrdt

    clkdc, tra`dc, dnh slkaftdc cfvfcs dnh kliprfjfnh tjdt dktavaty drf haggfrfnt. Dn drrdy lg

    klccfktaln dssfts dnh sfnslr pjfnlifnlcley ds wfcc ds dsslkadtfh tdsmane, prlkfssane,

    fxpclatdtaln,dnhhassfiandtalnkdpd`acatafsdrf`fanefipclyfh tll`tdandnh unhfrstdnh

    pfrtanfnthdtddnh anglridtaln.Xjfsfkdpd`acatafsdrftypakdccynlt`fanelrkjfstrdtfh and

    wdy tl fnsurf tjdt kratakdc qufstalns d`lut tjf KLAN kdipdaen kdn `f dnswfrfh.

    Vnglrtundtfcy,tjfKLANkdipdaendppfdrstl`fdsfklnhdry,lrpfrjdpstfrtadry,pralraty

    glr A[P,`fjanh glrkfprltfktalndnhKX.KLAN unhfrtdmfncfgtlg`dne jlwfvfr,lggfrs

    tjfpltfntadctlhaianasjtjfnffhglrsu`sfqufntglrkfprltfktalndnhfvfnKXlpfrdtalns.

    Ds tjf 0244NdtalndcIacatdry

    [trdtfey

    nltfs? Ujacf sukj ]KXY lpfrdtalns hasrupt an tjf

    sjlrttfri, tjfy kdnnlt`f hfkasavf dnh hl nlt klnstatutf d vad`cf clnetfri strdtfey glr

    kli`dtanefxtrfiasi.06

    XjfXdsmGlrkfsanvfstaedtalnlgA[Plpfrdtalnstlhdyglunhdjaejhferfflgfipjdsasln

    iassalnstjdtanvlcvftjfrdpahhfgfdtlgtfrrlrastnftwlrmstjrluejtjffggfktavfdppcakdtaln

    lgG;tdktaks.XjfXdsmGlrkfhahnltganhdkcfdrdrtakucdtalnlgtjfhfsarfh`dcdnkf`ftwffn

    tjlsf iassalns dnh tjf iassalns tjdt drf spfkagafh an tjfIkKjrystdc/Famfn`frry kdipdaen

    pcdn.07

    Xjf hfgfnsf antfccaefnkf kucturf as fvlcvane sclwcy tl ifft tjf hfidnhs lg supplrtane

    iuctailhdc, jy`rah lpfrdtalns (dnh wjlcflgelvfrnifnt lpfrdtalns). Xjdt kucturf as

    praidracy glkusfh ln tdreftffrane dnh wfdplnffrane tl fnd`cf V.[. iacatdry glrkfs tl

    hfstrlyfnfiykli`dtdntsdnhtjfarwdridmanekdpdkaty.Andhhataln,HlHtrdhfkrdgtdnh

    kucturfsfpdrdtftdreftffrsdnhefnfrdcdndcysts.Xjfrfasansuggakafntdttfntalntltjfnffhtl

    prlvahf antfccaefnkf supplrt lg klipcfx lpfrdtalns dnh kluntfrdkt jy`rah, iuctailhdc

    klngcakt. Ds tjf KLAN prl`cfi `fklifs ilrf strdtfeak dnh prfvdcfnt, tjf fxpfrtasf lg

    lpfrdtlrs nffhs tl`f ilrfkclsfcyklupcfhwatj tjfefnfrdcdndcystdnhwatjdndcysts an

    gafchsrdneanegrlitdreftdndcysasdnhiassalnpcdnnanetltjfslkadcskafnkfs.

    Gandccy, tjf nffh tl dhhrfss KLAN kluntfrantfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts rfquarfs ilrf

    fipjdsas.JdrhcfsslnsanArdqdnhDgejdnastdn,nlttlifntalnltjfrfnvarlnifnts(grliDcefrad tl Cf`dnln) unhfrsklrf tjf slpjastakdtfh antfccaefnkf kdpd`acatafs lg ansurefnt

    ilvfifnts. Xjfsf kdpd`acatafs prlvahf ansurefnts tjf ifdns tl angactrdtf elvfrnifnt

    fntatafscfgtlg`dne, tldntakapdtf tjfiacatdrylpfrdtalnslg tjfelvfrnifnts tjfy gaejt,

    06XjfNdtalndcIacatdry[trdtfeylgtjfVnatfh[tdtfslgDifrakd,7.

    07Vnatfh[tdtfsElvfrnifntAntferdtfhKavacadnIacatdryKdipdaenRcdnglr[upplrttlDgejdnastdn.

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    41/122

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    42/122

    ;7 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    pcdndkllrhandtfhA[Pstrdtfeyglrdkjafvanedhfsarfhfggfkt,tjdtas,tjfnffhfhmnlwcfhef

    tl fxfkutf d kliplnfntlg tjfKLANpcdn.Xjas sjagt glrkfs dilrfhyndiak rfcdtalnsjap

    `ftwffntjfusfr,fntfrprasf,dnhklccfktalnpcdtglri,dnhhravfsdkllrhandtfhfgglrtdkrlss

    antfccaefnkf defnkafs tjdt elfs `fylnh saipcf tdreftane iassalns tjdt kdn typakdccy `f

    hfskra`fh

    ds

    tjf

    G;

    iassaln

    lg

    KX.

    Gaeurf

    7

    `fclw

    accustrdtfs

    tjas

    haggfrfnkf

    dnh

    jlw

    tjdt

    cfdhstldhaggfrfntsftlgqufstalnstjdtiust`fdnswfrfh`ytjfantfccaefnkfklccfktlrdnh

    dndcyst.Xjfprlkfss gclwln tjf cfgt asusfhilrfkliilncydnh tjf gclwln tjf raejt as

    wjdttjfXdsmGlrkfvafwsdsnffhfhpdrtakucdrcyandklipcfxKLANklntfxt.

    GAEVPF7.HF[APFHKJDNEFANA[PXD[MANERPLKF[[

    Gaeurf 7 kdpturfs tjf mfy kjdnefsnffhfh`ut as saipcastak.Dilrfhfsarfh fnh stdtf as

    accustrdtfhanGaeurf5.

    GAEVPF5.FGGFKX[@D[FHA[PXD[MANERPLKF[[

    @y glkusanefgglrts tlwdrhdkjafvanednfggfkt,iuctapcdtglri klccfktaln strdtfeafswacc`f

    rfganfh, tjf antfntlg tjfusfrwacc`f sdtasgafh,dnh andpprlpradtf A[P rfqufsts kdusfh`y

    cdkmlgusfrmnlwcfheflnA[Pkdpd`acatafsasnuccagafh.Fggfkts`dsfhA[Pfnd`cfsdndcyststl

    `filrf annlvdtavfdnh krfdtavf anhfvfclpane klccfktaln strdtfeafsdnh gusaneiuctaANX

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    43/122

    ;.XLPXD[M[ ;5

    hdtd strfdis. Xl grff up tjf dndcyst tl prl`cfislcvf dnh strdtfeakdccy pcdn, dutlidtfh

    iftjlhs iust `f hfvfclpfh (lr aiprlvfh) tl glkus tjf dndcyst ilrf quakmcy ln

    qufstalnd`cfdktavatydnhdutlidtfhtllcs`uacttldkklipcasjrlutanf`llmmffpanetdsms.

    Dgffh`dkmifkjdnasiaskratakdctlsukkfssgucfggfkts`dsfhA[Ptldssurfusfrantfntasift.

    Ahfdccy, tjas gffh`dkm ifkjdnasi anvlcvfs d rfdctaif kliiunakdtalns canm`ftwffn tjf

    usfr, dndcyst, dnh klccfktlr tl gdkacatdtf aiifhadtf rfdttdkm lg d tdreft hfkm wjacf tjf

    pcdtglriasstaccantjfdrfdlgantfrfst.Xjasrfdctaifklccd`lrdtalndcsldcclwstjfglchanean

    lgfifrefntlpplrtunatafslgjaejfrpralratytltjfusfr.

    ;.0.;. DGLPIDCDRRPLDKJXLNFFH@D[FHDNDCQ[A[

    AtasaiplrtdnttldcclkdtfA[Prfslurkfs`dsfhlndraelrlusplrtglcalidndefifntprlkfss

    tjdt`dcdnkfshfsarfhlpfrdtalndcnffhstlhdydnhtjlsfdntakapdtfhantjfguturf.KLANA[P

    rfquarfifnts sjluch`f sffn an tjf klntfxt lg tjf gucc spfktrui lg arrfeucdr wdrgdrf A[P

    rfquarfifnts.An

    dhhataln,

    KLAN

    A[P

    rfquarfifnts

    sjluch

    `f

    sffn

    an

    tjf

    klntfxt

    lg

    tjf

    A[P

    rfquarfifnts glr jy`rah, iuctailhdc sfkuraty lpfrdtalns. Xjf Xdsm Glrkf`fcafvfs tjdt

    tjfrfassu`stdntadclvfrcdpantjfA[Prfslurkfsrfquarfhdclnetjasspfktrui.Jlwfvfr,tjf

    `uheft prlkfss jds gdacfh tl rfklenazf KLAN lpfrdtalns ds hastankt grli KX, KAFH dnh

    ltjfr arrfeucdr wdrgdrf rfquarfifnts. Xjas kdusfh tjf A[P rfquarfifnts prlkfss tl smfw

    dedanst,dnh anslifkdsfs,lvfrcllm aiplrtdntKLANrfcdtfh A[Pkdpd`acatafs,rfsuctane an

    dnunhfranvfstifntlgRjdsf2dnhRjdsf4KLANlpfrdtalnA[Prfquarfifntsdstjfyrfcdtf

    tl ankapafnt ansurefnkafs dnh plpucdtalnkfntrak sfkuraty lpfrdtalns. Dppcyane d glridc

    plrtglcalidndefifntdpprldkjwluchfnsurfdilrfraelrlusdnhtrdnspdrfntprlkfss`y

    wjakjA[Prfslurkfdcclkdtalnskdn`fidhfansupplrtlgKLANdnhdccltjfrantfrrfcdtfh

    ilhfslgsfkuratylpfrdtalns.

    [ukj d prlkfss kdn`f dppcafh dt d nui`fr lg fkjfclns grli, glr fxdipcf, d spfkagak A[P

    iassalnpcdn,tltjfRFHprlkfss,tltjflvfrdccA[Piassalndrkjatfkturf,lrtlstrdtfeycfvfc

    glridolrA[Pdkquasatalnhfkasalns.Anfdkjkdsf,tjfmfyastlstdrtwatjtjfl`ofktavfsdnh

    hftfrianf tjf `fst lptaln rdtjfr tjdn tjf ilrf tfiptane prdktakf lg stdrtane watj tjf

    gdiacadr lptaln. Ds nltfh an d prfvalus H[@ rfplrt, tjf usf lg glridc hfkasalnsupplrt

    dpprldkjfs (ankcuhane systfis dndcysas dnh lpfrdtalns rfsfdrkj) kdn dah an tjf

    hfvfclpifntlgdnA[Pplrtglcal,dswfccdsantjfsfcfktalnlgspfkagakrfslurkfstldkjafvf

    spfkagakpurplsfs.0:

    Glcclwanesukj

    dn

    dpprldkj

    wacc

    jfcp

    fnsurf

    tjdt

    tjf

    klipcfxaty

    lg

    KLAN

    A[P

    rfquarfifnts

    asguccydpprfkadtfh,dnhtjdttjfsfrfquarfifntsdrfeavfnprlpfrdttfntalnantjfrfslurkf

    dcclkdtalnprlkfss.[ukjdndpprldkjkdnjfcp`dcdnkfKLANdnhltjfrrfquarfifnts,dnh

    dcclwA[Prfslurkfstl`fdkquarfhdnhidndefhantjfklntfxtlgtjfwahfrrfquarfifntslg

    dilrfklipcfx,wjlcflgelvfrnifntdpprldkj.

    0:Pfplrt lg tjfHfgfnsf [kafnkf@ldrhXdsm Glrkf ln AntfccaefnkfLpfrdtalnsPfsfdrkjDppcakdtalnsglr Antfccaefnkf,

    [urvfaccdnkf,dnhPfklnndassdnkf(Udsjanetln,HK?Hfgfnsf[kafnkf@ldrh,Odnudry0221).

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    44/122

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    45/122

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    46/122

    82 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    rdtjfrtjdnantfrisgdiacadrtltjfAK=tjdtas,tjfydrfdrtakucdtfhankustlifrspfdmrdtjfr

    tjdnAKspfdm.[lifkustlifrshlnltmnlwjlwtlkliiunakdtfglridccywatjtjfAKtl

    fnsurf tjfar rfquarfifnts drf dhhrfssfh. Ds d rfsuct, KLAN antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts drf

    nltidtfradccyaipdktaneA[Pklccfktalns.Dsfvahfnkf,tjfXdsmGlrkfnltfstjdttjfhfgfnsf

    antfccaefnkf

    kliiunaty

    jds

    nlt

    trdnscdtfh

    tjf

    kliidnhfrs

    antfnt

    ds

    stdtfh

    an

    tjf

    V[E

    Antferdtfh KavacadnIacatdry Kdipdaen Rcdn glr [upplrt tl Dgejdnastdn antl antfccaefnkf

    rfquarfifnts tl supplrt KLAN lpfrdtalns. Dctjluej tjas pcdn wds prliucedtfh tl

    drtakucdtftjfstrdtfeydnhtdsmsrfquarfhtldkjafvfV.[.dnhdccafhKLANl`ofktavfs,tjfrfas

    nldsslkadtfhsftlgantfccaefnkfrfquarfifntshfravfhtlsupplrtfxfkutalnlgtjfpcdn.Nlr

    as tjfrf d stdnhane tfipcdtf lg antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts tl supplrt KLAN lpfrdtalns an

    efnfrdc.

    Cllmane dt tjf prl`cfi grli tjf AKs pfrspfktavf, tjfrf drf nl ifkjdnasis glr

    systfidtakdccyrfklrhanednhglcclwaneuplntjfsdtasgdktalnlgantfccaefnkfrfquarfifntsds

    tjfy pfrtdan tl tjf haggfrfnt kliplnfnts lg d KLAN kdipdaen. Glr fxdipcf, tjf

    rfquarfifntshdtd`dsfkdccfhKLCA[FVIhlfsnltprlvahftjfklntfxt`fjanhrfqufstsglranglridtaln. Ds d rfsuct, ilst rfquarfifnts drf cfvafh lutsahf tjf KLCA[FVI prlkfss

    tjrluejlnflnlnfhaskussalnsdnhfidacs.

    Xl rfifhy tjas satudtaln, tjf Xdsm Glrkf rfkliifnhs tjdt tjf HNA dnh tjf V[H(A)

    unhfrtdmfdkliprfjfnsavfanvfntlrylgantfccaefnkfrfquarfifntsdstjfypfrtdantlKLAN,

    ankcuhanewjl lraeandtfh tjf rfquarfifnts,jlw tjfy drfrfklrhfhdnhhastra`utfh tl tjf

    AK,tjfpralraty,dnhdndssfssifntlgjlwwfcctjfAKassfrvakanetjlsfrfquarfifnts.[ukj

    dn anvfntlry sjluch sfrvf ds tjf garst stfp an hfvfclpane d kliprfjfnsavf, systfidtak

    prlkfss glr euahane AK klccfktaln dnh dndcysas tl supplrt kustlifr nffhs watj rfspfkt tl

    KLAN.

    Xjf anglridtalnnffhslg KLANdnh ltjfrklipcfxlpfrdtalns rfquarf diax lgklccfktaln

    kdpd`acatafsgrliidnyantfccaefnkfhaskapcanfs.Kurrfntiftjlhsglrpcdnnanednhgandnkane

    guturfklngcaktsdrfcdrefcyhravfn`ypcdnnaneglrIdolrKli`dtLpfrdtalns(IKLs).Xjas

    cfdhstldnai`dcdnkflgguturf anvfstifntwfaejtfhtlwdrh cdrefklccfktalnsystfis.Xjas

    ankcuhfs wahf drfd pfrsastfnt survfaccdnkf kdpd`acatafs, gucc iltaln vahfl (GIW), saendcs

    antfccaefnkf([AEANX),erlunhilvanetdreftanhakdtaln(EIXA),cdsfrhftfktalndnhrdneane,

    kliputfr nftwlrm fxpclatdtaln, gandnkadc antfccaefnkf (GANANX), hlkuifnt fxpclatdtaln,

    JVIANX,dnh`aliftraks.HlHgafchfhdnhprlerdiifhdvdstdrrdylgtfkjnakdcklccfktaln

    kdpd`acatafstjdtkdn`ffipclyfhfggfktavfcytliffttjftrdhatalndcKLANkjdccfnef.

    JVIANXdnh[pfkadcLpfrdtalnsGlrkfs([LG)tjdtdrfdssaenfhandpdrtakucdrkluntrylr

    rfealn lvfr dn fxtfnhfh pfralh lg taif drf pdrtakucdrcy vdcud`cf dssfts glr klccfktane

    anglridtaln tl supplrt KLAN lpfrdtalns. Kdsf lggakfrs dnh [pfkadc Glrkfs pfrslnnfc wjl

    drf aiifrsfh an tjf cdneudef dnh kucturf lg d pdrtakucdr slkafty drf kratakdc slurkfs glr

    klccfktane anglridtaln tl mffp d ganefr ln tjf pucsf lg d plpucdtaln dnh supplrt KLAN

    lpfrdtalns.Glrfxdipcf,tjfIdranfKlrpsFxpfhatalndryAntfccaefnkfPldhIdp(nlwanhrdgt)

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    47/122

    ;.XLPXD[M[ 84

    jaejcaejtstjfnffhglrdrkjavanednhilhfcaneslkadchyndiakswatjanpdrtakucdrkucturfs=

    fggfktavfcy`raneanetleftjfrtjfwlrmlgjunhrfhslgdndcystsglrusf`ytjfVnatfh[tdtfs

    IdranfKlrps(V[IK).Xjaswlrmiust`ffnklurdefhdnhdcclwfhtlerlw.@utlgtfntjas

    asnltjdppfnane.Lnfsfnalrantfccaefnkflggakfrwatjyfdrslggafchfxpfrafnkfplantfhlut

    tjdtiahcfvfcidndefrsdtidolrantfccaefnkfdefnkafshlnltfnklurdefcdneudeftrdanane

    lrtlursantjfgafch,dnhanslifkdsfshasklurdeftjfsfdctleftjfr.XjfXdsmGlrkflutcanfh

    tjrluejlut tjas rfplrt slif rfkliifnhdtalns, wjakj ag aipcfifntfh an d sustdanfh

    idnnfr,waccjfcpaiprlvftjfAKsd`acatytlunhfrstdnhdnhrfplrtlnclkdckucturfs.

    An rfkfnt yfdrs tjf HlHs A[P klccfktaln anvfstifnt nfkfssdracy glkusfh ln ifftane tjf

    rfquarfifntslgtjfkurrfntklngcakt,rfsuctaneantjfprlkurfifntlgdsuatflgsfnslrsdnh

    pcdtglris tjdtdrflptaiazfh glrklccfktaln anhfsfrtdnhiluntdanlus tfrrdans.Ilrflvfr,

    tjfsf sfnslrs drf cdrefcy hfsaenfh (dnh fipclyfh) tl supplrt G; lpfrdtalns tjdt drf

    nfkfssdryglrklnhuktaneKXdnhkli`dtlpfrdtalns.XjasfipjdsascfdvfsHlHpltfntadccy

    sjlrtantjfd`acatytlklccfktanltjfrtypfslgtfrrdan.(f.e.ounecf)dswfccdsltjfrpjdsfslg

    tjfKLANiassaln(f.e.,wjfrfansurefntsidy`fstdrtanetlturndplpucdtalnerlup).Andhhataln,tjfidsslghdtd`faneklccfktfh`ytjfpcdtglrisdnhsfnslrskurrfntcy anusf as

    glrkanetjfnffhtl`uachdilrffggfktavfRFHkdpd`acaty,lnftjdtprlvahfsswagtfrglrfnsaks

    tl fxdianf dnh dndcyzf dntfkfhfnt dktavatafs, dcclws glr dccslurkf dndcysas, dnh idmfs

    `fttfr usf lg`dnhwahtj dnh kliiunakdtaln kdpd`acatafs. [u`stdntadc fgglrts lg HlHs A[P

    XdsmGlrkfdrfunhfrwdytldhhrfsstjasprl`cfi,`utnfwRFHsystfisdnhXXRsiust`f

    fipclyfhtljdnhcftjfgcllhlgnfwklccfktalnhdtd.Xjaswaccnfkfssatdtfidssavfkjdnefs

    ankucturftlpfriatilrfdutlidtaln,tjfhaskdrhanelgcfssusfguchdtd,dnhtjfdkkfptdnkf

    lgnfwglridtslgA[Prfplrtane.

    Uatjantjfkurrfntlpfrdtalndcfnvarlnifnt,tjfrfdrfgfwfggfktavf,tfiplrdccydkkfptd`cf

    iftjlhlcleafs glr tjf antferdtaln (lr gusaln) lg kurrfnt cfvfcs lg hdtd strfdiane grli tjf

    idny spdkf`dsfh, dar`lrnf, il`acf, an satu, dnh tfrrfstradc rfiltf sfnslrs, cft dclnf rfdc

    taif antferdtaln. Xjas aipfhfs HlHs d`acaty tl cfvfrdef iuctapcf, nftwlrmfh

    sfnslr/pcdtglri kli`andtalns an d taifcy gdsjaln tl dkjafvf hliandnt satudtalndc

    dwdrfnfss. Xjas gusaln prl`cfi wacc lncy`f fxdkfr`dtfh`y tjf gcllh lg hdtd grli nfw

    klccfktalnsystfisd`luttl`fgafchfh.

    Fgglrts drf unhfrwdy tl klrrfkt tjf idssavf prl`cfis lg hdtd dkkfss. Xjf Anglridtaln

    [jdraneAntferdtfhRrlhuktXfdi(ARX),fstd`casjfhunhfrtjfduspakfslgtjfV[H(A),glrtjf

    purplsf lgsynkjrlnazane anglridtaln sjdrane anatadtavfs ansupplrt lg A[DG rfquarfifnts

    dnhVnatfh[tdtfsglrkfsanDgejdnastdn,idhfsu`stdntadcprlerfss.Jlwfvfr,tjfA[PXdsmGlrkfsjluchvasatfdkjlgtjfidanhassfiandtalnnlhfs(sukjdstjfHastra`utfhKliiln

    Erlunh[tdtaln(HKE[))tlhftfrianftjffxtfnttlwjakjdndcyststjfrfjdvftjfnfkfssdry

    tllcs tl fxfkutf tjfar`dsak KLAN iassaln dnh idmf nfkfssdry quakm gax anvfstifnts tl

    rfifhysjlrtgdccs.

    An dhhataln, tjf plrtglcal dndcysas dpprldkj hfskra`fh an tjf prfvalus sfktaln wluch dcsl

    jfcpfstd`casjd`fttfr,sjlrttfriplrtglcaldnh`dcdnkflgA[PrfslurkfsglrkurrfntKLAN

  • 7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a

    48/122

    80 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[

    lpfrdtalns.Lvfrtaif,fxpdnhfhsaiucdtaln,ediane,dnhgafchtfstanesjluch`ffipclyfh

    tlsupplrtdssfssifntslgjlwA[Pklccfktalndnhdndcysaskdn`faiprlvfhdsatdppcafstld

    KLAN kdipdaen. Glr fxdipcf, klccfktaln efliftrafs lg tdreft drfds drf haggfrfnt glr fdkj

    rfealn wjfrf ansurefnkafs fxast lr kluch tdmf rllt. Glr anstdnkf, Dgejdnastdn as

    prfhliandtfcy

    rurdc,

    watj

    jaej

    fcfvdtalns,

    wahfcy

    haspfrsfh

    clne

    dnh

    ndrrlw

    sfttcfifnts,

    dnhgfwvfjakcfs=wjacfArdqjdslnfcdrefhfnsfcyplpucdtfhur`dndrfd,wjfrfvfjakcfsdrf

    dttrdktavftdreftsglrtrdkmane.

    Xl gdkacatdtf tjas saiucdtaln fgglrt, HlH iaejt klnsahfr ilhagyane lr klnstruktane d tfst

    rdnefaniluntdanlustfrrdanhfsaenfhtldssfssKLAN assufs.[ukjdrdnefiaejt ankcuhf

    wahfcyhaspfrsfh vaccdefs tl gdkacatdtf dnh fvdcudtf nfw klccfktaln dnh sdipcane

    strdtfeafs,dswfccdstltfstdctfrndtavfsfkuratyKLNLR[dnhplcakafs.

    Gandccy, tjfrf as nl dppdrfnt glridc AK prlkfss glr dssfssane AK pfrglridnkf dedanst d

    kustlifrs dccslurkf rfquarfifnts (a.f., iftraks) spfkagakdccy glr KLAN dnh ifdsurane

    tjf lpplrtunaty klst glr aipcfifntane sukj nfw rfquarfifnts.01 Gurtjfr, iftraks tjdtfvdcudtfprlerfsslgtjfansurefnky,dssffngrlitjfvafwplantlgtjfansurefntcfdhfrsjap,

    drf d kratakdc dnh lgtfn lvfrcllmfh antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnt.;2 Xjas rfh pfrspfktavf

    dndcysas iust hrdw upln d hffp unhfrstdnhane lg tjf vdcufs dnh eldcs lg ansurefnt

    cfdhfrsjap. D rfvafw lg pltfntadc iftraks glr antfccaefnkf supplrt tl KLAN sjluch `f

    unhfrtdmfn`y V[H(A) (dnh pfrjdps tjf HNA) ds pdrt lg dn lvfrdcc duhat lg antfccaefnkf

    rfquarfifnts.

    ;.;.0. A[PAN[VRRLPXLGUJLCFLGELWFPNIFNX,RLRVCDXALNKFNXPAKKLAN

    ANAXADXAWF[

    Dcilst dcc hfganatalns lg KLAN lpfrdtalns kdcc glr tjf anvlcvfifnt dnh klnstruktavf

    pdrtakapdtalnlgtjfwjlcflgelvfrnifnt,watjkavacadndefnkafsantjfcfdhdnhtjfiacatdry

    andsupplrtanerlcfdndpprldkjlutcanfh`ytjf0221V.[.ElvfrnifntKluntfransurefnky

    Euahf. Xjf dktavf dnh klnstruktavf pdrtakapdtaln dnh cfdhfrsjap lg dccafs, NELs, d tdreft

    ndtalns cfeataidtf elvfrnifnt, dnh tjf dggfktfh plpucdtaln, ds wfcc ds tjf iacatdry,

    wlrmane tleftjfr`dsfh ln d kljfrfnt strdtfey as tjf ilst camfcy pdtj tl dkjafvane V.[.

    KLAN l`ofktavfs. HlH cfdhfrs sjluch idmf tjf kdsf glr sukj d strdtfey dnh wlrm watj

    cfdhfrs lg ltjfr defnkafs tl krfdtf tjf kdpdkaty glr d wjlcflgelvfrnifnt dpprldkj. A[P

    rfslurkfpcdnnanesjluchtdmfantldkklunttjfnffhslgdwjlcflgelvfrnifntdpprldkj,

    dnhtjfnffhtlsupplrtHlHdnhnlnHlHkliplnfnts.

    Andsaiacdrvfan,A[Prfslurkfpcdnnanesjluchdkkliilhdtffifreaneplpucdtalnkfntrak

    klnkfptsdswfcc.HlHjdstdmfnslifstfpsantjasharfktaln.[tuhafslnpdttfrnslgcagfdn