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7/28/2019 Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Intelligence, Counterinsurgency (COIN) Intelligence, Surveillance, a
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rfdslnsglrtjasdppdrfntrfcuktdnkftlfnedeflntjasassufdrfvdrafh,`utlnfmfyrfdslnas
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wdataneglrqufstalnstl`fdsmfh,rdtjfrtjdntryanetldntakapdtftjfi.Xjasdpprldkjidy
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Idny, ag nlt ilst, spfkagak KLAN A[P rfquarfifnts drf plpucdtalnkfntrak dnh drf nlt
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pfrkfnt lg usfguc lpfrdtalndc hdtd glr KLAN hlfs nlt klif grli cfedky antfccaefnkf
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lrednazdtalns.Dntjrlplcleakdc,slkalkucturdc,jastlrakdc,juidneflerdpjakdc,fhukdtalndc,
pu`cakjfdctj,dnhidnyltjfrtypfslgslkadcdnh`fjdvalrdcskafnkfhdtddnhanglridtaln
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prltfktalnrfquarfifnts.
Anrfdctfris,A[PsupplrtlgKLANasnltdsjaejdpralratyglrtjfKli`dtdntKliidnhs,
Iacatdry Hfpdrtifnts, dnh Hfgfnsf Defnkafs ds KX dnh glrkf prltfktaln, tjus dhvfrsfcy
aipdktane tjffggfktavfnfsslg KLANlpfrdtalns. KLAN as nltnfkfssdracy dndctfrndtavf tl
KX=slifA[Prfquarfifntsdrfkliilntl`ltjmanhslglpfrdtalns,`utKLAN,pdrtakucdrcy
plpucdtalnkfntrakKLAN,rfquarfsslifA[Plgatslwn.
5.KLAN
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ansurefnkafscaiatslptalnsdnhankrfdsfsrasmlgunrfklvfrd`cfKLANprl`cfis,hfspatf
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Dgejdnastdn?Vnatfh[tdtfsFi`dssyMd`uc/V[GLP,Dueust0221).
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vaaa KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[
Ansurefnkyjds`ffn tjfilstprfvdcfnt glrilgdrifhklngcaktsankfdt cfdst4181.
Hfspatf tjdt gdkt, glcclwane tjf Waftndi Udr dnh tjrluej tjf`dcdnkflg tjf Klch
Udr, tjf V.[. iacatdry fstd`casjifnt turnfh ats `dkm ln ansurefnky, rfgusane tl
klnsahfr lpfrdtalns dedanst ansurefnts ds dnytjane ltjfr tjdn d cfssfrankcuhfh
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ilrf camfcy ag d stdtf kdnnlt prlvahf gunhdifntdc sfrvakfs dnh ag tjf plpucdtaln`fcafvfs
tjfydrfdtrasm.Andhhataln,ltjfr gdktlrs,sukjdstjfqudcatylg cfdhfrsjap andpdrtakucdr
kluntrydnh tjdtkluntrysplcatakdckucturfkdn`f aiplrtdnt gdktlrs anwjftjfrlrnltdn
ansurefnky hfvfclps. Xjf Xdsm Glrkf hlfs nlt prlplsf tjdt dny spfkagak kli`andtaln lg
gdktlrs wacc rfsuct an dn ansurefnky. Nlnftjfcfss, rfkfnt jastlry kdn `f anstruktavf.
Klcli`ad,glrfxdipcf,jds`ffnerappfh`ydtfndkalusansurefnky,fvfndstjfhruetrdhf
jds aipfracfh tjdt elvfrnifnts d`acaty tl elvfrn fggfktavfcy. Klcli`ads strlne plcatakdc
cfdhfrsjap,jlwfvfr,jdsidhffggfktavfusflgV.[.sfkuratydnhhfvfclpifntdssastdnkf,ds
wfccdstjfplcatakdcdnhhapclidtaksupplrtlgV.[.cfdhfrs.Dsdrfsuct,tjfV.[.jdsnlt`ffnklipfccfh tl kliiat su`stdntadc V.[. glrkfs tl kli`dt dn ansurefnky dnh hfgfnh tjf
slvfrfaenprfrledtavfslgKlcli`adselvfrnifnt.Anklntrdst,tjfyfdrscfdhaneuptl1/44
watnfssfhcattcfV.[.elvfrnifntanvlcvfifntanDgejdnastdn.Dsdrfsuct,V.[.anglridtaln
slurkfs an Dgejdnastdn wfrf caiatfh, wjakj klnstrdanfh V.[. pltfntadc tl jfcp sjdpf an
DgejdnastdndsatudtalncfsshdnefrlustlV.[.antfrfsts.Xjffvfntslg1/44cfgttjfV.[.watj
gfwlptalnsanDgejdnastdn=kli`dtdrfeaiftjdtdcclwfhtfrrlraststldttdkmus,lrcavfwatj
dhdnefrlusstdtusqul.XjfXdsmGlrkftjfrfglrfouhefstjdtfdrcyantfrvfntalnpralrtldn
ansurefnkytdmanejlchwlucheavftjfV.[.ilrflptalnsdnhrfhukftjfcamfcajllhlgidolr
kli`dtantfrvfntaln.42
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wacc klntanuf tl`f dn fnhurane kjdccfnef tl rfealndc std`acaty dnh V.[. ndtalndc sfkuraty
antfrfsts. Fifreane dnh fnhurane KLAN assufs nffh dttfntaln nlw. Dhhrfssane pltfntadc
ansurefnkafs an tjfar ankapafnt pjdsf (a.f., cfgt lg`dne) wacc prlvahf plcakyidmfrs dnh
kliidnhfrs ilrf wjlcflgelvfrnifnt lptalns dnh d`fttfr prlspfkt glr hftfrrane lr
prfvfntanetjfnffhglrkli`dtlpfrdtalns.@uachanedklccfktalndnhdndcytakfgglrtcfgtlg
`dne dcsl prlvahfs tjf ifdns glr sustdanfh, klnsastfnt, dnh ilrf fggfktavf A[P supplrt
sjluch dn ansurefnky`fklif dktavf. Xjas idmfs nfkfssdry d ilrf glkusfh dpprldkj tl
KLAN antfccaefnkf supplrt, ankcuhane d Ndtalndc Antfccaefnkf Idndefr (NAI) glr KLAN,
antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnts harfktfh spfkagakdccy tl KLAN (ankcuhane plpucdtalnkfntrak
mnlwcfhef), dnh d strdtfeak anhakdtalns dnh wdrnane (A&U) ilhfc tl fnd`cf fdrcy
1 Kjrastlpjfr Rduc, Klcan R. Kcdrmf, dnh @ftj Eracc, Waktlry Jds d Xjlusdnh Gdtjfrs? [lurkfs lg [ukkfss an
Kluntfransurefnky([dntdIlnakd,KD?XjfPDNHKlrplrdtaln,0242)?xaaa.
42XjfXdsmGlrkfrfvafwfh6;kdsfstuhafslg ansurefnkafs. Anfvfrykdsftjfdktalns tdmfnwfrfrfdktavfdnh
lkkurrfhdgtfrtjfansurefnkyjdhtdmfnjlch.[ffMdcfvA.[fpp,@fstRrdktakfsanKluntfransurefnky,Iacatdry
Pfvafw(IdyOunf0226)?:40.
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FZFKVXAWF[VIIDPQ ax
aipcfifntdtaln lg wjlcflgelvfrnifnt lptalns. [lif A&U anhakdtlrs drf prl`d`cy
dcrfdhydvdacd`cf.
d.FggfktavfKLAN,dnh antfccaefnkfglrKLAN,iust rfgcfktdwjlcflgelvfrnifntfgglrt
dnhwjlcflgelvfrnifntkdpd`acatafs.
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lutlgjlstacatafs.Nlwjfrf as tjasnffhilrfsdcafnttjdn glrKLAN.Dhhrfssane tjffntarf
cagfkykcflgKLANrfquarfsmnlwcfhefidndefifntkdpd`acatafstjdtsfrvfdwahfvdraftylg
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antfccaefnkf supplrt tl KLAN fnd`canedmnlwcfhef idndefifnt kdpd`acaty tjdtsupplrts
wjlcflgelvfrnifnt fgglrts dnh wjakj wluch fnklurdef usf lg d `rldhfr rdnef lg
anglridtalnslurkfstjdtel`fylnhcfedkyantfccaefnkfklccfktaln.
:. Xjf hfcuef lg sfnslr hdtd as krfdtane d krasas an prlkfssane, fxpclatdtaln, dnh
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hfkasalns.
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hdtd,lvfrwjfcianetjfd`acatytlprlvahfusfguc,dktalnd`cfantfccaefnkfandtaifcyidnnfr.
Xjas krasas an RFH as fxdkfr`dtfh `y pcdnnfh dnh prlerdiifh klccfktaln dssfts dnh
hfidnhsnfw[&XslcutalnstlaiprlvftjffggakafnkydnhfggfktavfnfsslgA[Psupplrtglr
KLAN.
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iust`fhlnfiukjfdrcafrantjfkdrffrslgtjf`fstdndcysts.Xjascfvfclgdndcysasasnffhfh
dt tjfvfry grlntfnhlgdny guturfklngcakt,nltsfvfrdcyfdrshlwn tjfrldh.Xrdanane glrDhvdnkfhDndcysas wluch stdrtdt tjfvfry`feannanelgdn dndcysts kdrffrdnhklntanuf
tjrluejlutjas/jfrkdrffr.Atankcuhfscdneudef,hffpkucturdcdwdrfnfss,dnhsfcfktglrislg
fnvarlnifntdctrdananewjakjfnklurdefsdnhsupplrtsdndcysaslntjfjfdctjlgdrfealn.
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tl kratakdc dssaenifnts watjan tjfar antfccaefnkf defnky. Ilrf dnh ilrf, tjf dndcysts wacc
nffh tl`fpcdkfh an tjf gafch anlrhfr tl`f`fstplsturfh glr antfccaefnkflpfrdtalnsdnh
klngcaktsdstjfydrasf.
1. Nfw dnh fifreane tfkjnlcleafs dnh tfkjnaqufs kdn `f fipclyfh tl aiprlvf
unhfrstdnhanelgKLANfnvarlnifnts.
Xfkjnlcleafs drf fifreane tl aiprlvf unhfrstdnhane lg tjf pjysakdc dttra`utfs (ianfrdc
rfslurkfs,kcaidtfs,eflerdpjafs,ankcuhanekucturdceflerdpjy),dswfccdstjlsfpfrtanfnttl
ahfntagyanepdttfrnlgcagfdktavatafslgerlupsdnhanhavahudcs.Xfkjnlcleafskdnrfcdtftjfsf
dttra`utfstlankapafntdnhrfdcansurefnkafs.Nfwdndcytaktfkjnlcleafsjlchtjfprliasflg
skdcaneuptjfd`acatytlgactfrrdwhdtd,ahfntagyifdnanepdttfrnslgdktavaty,dnhprfsfnt
dndcystswatjidtfradcusfguc tlunhfrstdnhaneKLANsatudtalns, tjusdcclwanedndcysts tl
pfrglrirfdcdndcysas,rdtjfrtjdnfxjdusttjfisfcvfskuccanerdwhdtd.Xfkjnlcleykdndcsl
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x KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[
`ffipclyfhtlunhfrstdnhwjdt asnlridc andpdrtakucdrfnvarlnifnt,jfcpanetlsplt
trfnhs tjdt rfprfsfnt dnlidcafs tjdt idy plrtfnh clnetfri kjdnefs dnh tjf rasf lg
anstd`acaty.
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4.ANXPLHVKXALN,XD[MANE,DNH[XVHQ[XPVKXVPF 44
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supplrtlgKLANlpfrdtalns.Xjasrfplrtassu`iattfhanrfsplnsftltjfXfrislgPfgfrfnkf
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pu`casjfh`y tjfHfgfnsf[kafnkf@ldrh an 0228,fxdianfh tjfnffh tl putkdpd`acatafs an
pcdkftlprfpdrflndElvfrnifntwahf`dsasglrjlstacatafs,dswfccdstlhaianasjV.[.
iacatdry anvlcvfifnt an tjlsf dktavatafs an dn lrhfrcy dnh fggfktavf idnnfr. 44 Xjf 0228
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kliiunakdtaln=mnlwcfhef,unhfrstdnhanednhantfccaefnkf=dnhahfntagakdtaln,clkdtaln,dnh
trdkmane glr dsyiiftrak wdrgdrf.40 Xjf prakf lg nlt jdvane tjfsf kdpd`acatafs an pcdkf, lr
pcdnnane tl usf tjfsf kdpd`acatafs wds stacc unglchane ds tjdt stuhy wds wrattfn. Xjffnlrilushaifnsalnslgtjdtprakfdrfkcfdrtlhdy.AtsdprakftjfV.[.aspdyaneancavfsdnh
anndtalndctrfdsurf.Xjf0228rfplrtnltfhtjfwahfsftlgrfquarfifntstjdtiust`fifttl
dhhrfss tjf gucc cagfkykcflgjlstacatafs.Xjasstuhy tdmfs antldkklunt tjfl`sfrvdtalnsdnh
rfkliifnhdtalns lg tjdt rfplrt, fxtfnhane atsrfkliifnhdtalns antlklnkfpts tl fnjdnkf
tjfkdpd`acatafslgtjfV[E anefnfrdc,dnhtjfAK anpdrtakucdr,tlput anpcdkfantfccaefnkf
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cagfkykcflgtjlsflpfrdtalns,grlipcdnnane,tlfxat.
Xjf XLP harfktfh tjf Xdsm Glrkf tl prlvahf ganhanes tjdt kdn`f usfh tl angcufnkf A[P
anvfstifnt hfkasalns ds tjfy rfcdtf tl KLAN. Dctjluej tjf XLP fipjdsazfh skafnkf dnh
tfkjnlcleyeavfntjfarpltfntadccysaenagakdntklntra`utalntlantfccaefnkfsupplrttlKLAN,
tjfXLPdcslharfktfhtjfXdsmGlrkftldssfssansurefnkafsdnhunhfrstdnhdplpucdtaln
an tjfar fnvarlnifnt. Xjf XLP dcsl nltfh tjdt jlst ndtaln kavacadn sfntaifnt kratakdccy
aipdkts KLAN sukkfss, anhakdtane dntjrlplcleakdc dnh slkalkucturdc gdktlrs iust dcsl`f
dhhrfssfh.Xjfsfgdktlrs,dnhtjfiuctahaifnsalndc,kldcatalnndturflgKLANlpfrdtalns,
jdvf aipcakdtalns glr tjf sklpf lg tjas Xdsm Glrkfs fgglrts, d plant idhf kcfdr`y tjf
haskussalnslggfrfhan[fktalns;.4.0(Ujldrftjfkustlifrs
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40 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[
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kluntfrtfrrlrasi
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4.ANXPLHVKXALN,XD[MANE,DNH[XVHQ[XPVKXVPF 4;
Xjf Xdsm Glrkf glunh sfvfrdc anklnsastfnt hfganatalns glr tjf tfri KLAN ankcuhfh an d
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dcclw HlH lrednazdtalns dnh AK ifi`frs tl kjllsf tjf lnf(s) tjfy camf`fst, kdusane
klngusaln dnh haggfrfnt antfrprftdtalns dilne hfkasalnidmfrs dnh lpfrdtlrs. Xjfsf
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kluntfrtfrrlrasi,arrfeucdrwdrgdrf,dnhglrkfprltfktaln.
HlH A[P dcsl jdsd nui`frlg hfganatalns. An atssaipcfst glri, HlH A[P as usfh`y
ilst HlH dnh AK ifi`frs tl ifdn tfkjnakdc klccfktaln grli idnnfh lr unidnnfh
dar`lrnfpcdtglriscamftjfIT1/Pfdpfr,PT8/Ecl`dcJdwm,lrIK40/Ca`frty.Xjasvafw,
wjfn dppcafh tl KLAN, tfnhs tl fxkcuhf ltjfr trdhatalndc slurkfs lg antfccaefnkf= f.e.,
L[ANX dnh JVIANX. At dcsl aenlrfs dnh prfkcuhfs tjf usf lg ltjfr fxtrfifcy vdcud`cf
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KLAN.Xjfsftfris,dnhdhfskraptalnlgjlw tjfXdsmGlrkfusfhtjfi,drfdhhrfssfh an
erfdtfrhftdacan[fktaln0lgtjfrfplrt.
Xjf sfklnh pdrt lg tjf garst tdsm (wjl drf tjf kustlifrs dnh wjdt drf tjf
rfquarfifnts
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4.ANXPLHVKXALN,XD[MANE,DNH[XVHQ[XPVKXVPF 46
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ahfntagafh dnh tjfn ilhagafh tl suat d spfkagak kluntry hfpfnhane ln kurrfnt strdtfeak
rfquarfifnts.XjfXdsmGlrkf ahfntagafh,ds accustrdtfh anGaeurf;,d rfprfsfntdtavf castlg
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47A`ah.,v.
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drrdylgdssftsrfslurkfh`ytjfIacatdryAntfccaefnkfRrlerdi(IAR),iukjcfsstjflvfrdcc
kdpd`acatafsdnhkdpdkatylgtjfndtalnsantfccaefnkffntfrprasf.
A[P glr KLAN (dnh A[P an efnfrdc) ankcuhfs dcc antfccaefnkf haskapcanfs, dcc slurkfs lg
anglridtaln, dnh dcc dspfkts lg tjf prlkfss lg klccfktane hdtd dnh turnane at antl
lpfrdtalndccy usfguc antfccaefnkf upln wjakj tl fstd`casj klntfxt, krfdtf mnlwcfhef, dnh
anglrihfkasalnsdnhdktalns.Atfnklipdssfspcdnnanednhharfktalnlgantfccaefnkf,iassaln
dnh klccfktaln idndefifnt, tdsmane, juidn dnh tfkjnakdc klccfktaln, prlkfssane,
fxpclatdtaln, prlhuktaln, dnh hassfiandtaln. Ilrflvfr, watj rfspfkt tl L[ANX at ankcuhfs
nlntrdhatalndc slurkfs lg plcatakdc, slkalkucturdc,`fjdvalrdc, fklnliak, dnh ltjfr slkadc
skafnkfanglridtalnglunhantjfpu`cakdnhpravdtfsfktlrs.
Glrtjfpurplsfslgtjasstuhy,tjfXdsmGlrkfusfhtjfhfganatalnsglunhanOlantRu`cakdtaln
(OR)420,HfpdrtifntlgHfgfnsfHaktalndrylgIacatdrydnhDsslkadtfhXfris?41
ArrfeucdrUdrgdrf(AU)?Dvalcfntstrueecfdilnestdtfdnhnlnstdtfdktlrsglr
cfeataidky dnh angcufnkf lvfr tjf rfcfvdnt plpucdtaln(s). Arrfeucdr wdrgdrf gdvlrs
anharfktdnhdsyiiftrakdpprldkjfs,tjluejatidyfipclytjfguccrdneflgiacatdry
dnh ltjfr kdpdkatafs, an lrhfr tl frlhf dn dhvfrsdrys plwfr, angcufnkf, dnh wacc.
(087)
Ansurefnky? Xjf lrednazfh usf lg su`vfrsaln lr valcfnkf `y d erlup lr
ilvfifnt tjdt sffms tl lvfrtjrlw lr glrkf kjdnef lg d elvfrnane dutjlraty.
Ansurefnkykdndcslrfgfrtltjferlupatsfcg.(0;;)
41OR420HfpdrtifntlgHfgfnsfHaktalndrylgIacatdrydnhDsslkadtfhXfris(Udsjanetln,HK?XjfOlant[tdgg,Dprac
0242).
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08 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[
Kluntfransurefnky (KLAN)? Kliprfjfnsavfkavacadndnhiacatdryfgglrts tdmfn
tlhfgfdtdnansurefnkydnhtldhhrfssdnyklrferafvdnkfs.(444)
Kluntfrtfrrlrasi (KX)? Dktalns tdmfn harfktcy dedanst tfrrlrast nftwlrms dnh
anharfktcytlangcufnkfdnhrfnhfrecl`dcdnhrfealndcfnvarlnifntsanjlspatd`cftl
tfrrlrastnftwlrms.(44;)
Antfccaefnkf?Xjfprlhuktrfsuctane grli tjfklccfktaln,prlkfssane, antferdtaln,
fvdcudtaln,dndcysas,dnh antfrprftdtalnlgdvdacd`cf anglridtalnklnkfrnane glrfaen
ndtalns, jlstacf lr pltfntadccy jlstacf glrkfs lr fcfifnts, lr drfds lg dktudc lr
pltfntadc lpfrdtalns. Xjf tfri as dcsl dppcafh tl tjf dktavaty wjakj rfsucts an tjf
prlhuktdnhtltjflrednazdtalnsfnedefhansukjdktavaty.(0;8)
[urvfaccdnkf? Xjf systfidtak l`sfrvdtaln lg dfrlspdkf, surgdkf, lr su`surgdkf
drfds,pcdkfs,pfrslns,lr tjanes`yvasudc,durdc,fcfktrlnak,pjltlerdpjak,lrltjfr
ifdns.(867)
Pfklnndassdnkf?Diassalnunhfrtdmfntll`tdan,`yvasudcl`sfrvdtalnlrltjfr
hftfktaln iftjlhs, anglridtaln d`lut tjf dktavatafs dnh rfslurkfs lg dn fnfiy lr
dhvfrsdry, lr tl sfkurf hdtd klnkfrnane tjf iftflrlcleakdc, jyhrlerdpjak, lr
eflerdpjakkjdrdktfrastakslgdpdrtakucdrdrfd.(;1;)
A[P?Dndktavatytjdtsynkjrlnazfsdnhantferdtfstjfpcdnnanednhlpfrdtalnlg
sfnslrs, dssfts, dnh prlkfssane, fxpclatdtaln, dnh hassfiandtaln systfis an harfkt
supplrt lg kurrfnt dnh guturf lpfrdtalns. Xjas as dn antferdtfh antfccaefnkf dnh
lpfrdtalnsgunktaln.(0;5)
Ansuiidry,angcufnkaneglrfaenelvfrnifntsdnhplpucdtalnsasdklipcfxdnhanjfrfntcyplcatakdcdktavaty.Xjfiacatdryrlcfanarrfeucdrwdrgdrfkdipdaensanefnfrdc,dnhKLANan
pdrtakucdr rfquarfs tjf d`acaty tl pcdn, klnhukt, dnh sustdan antferdtfh lpfrdtalns lg
antfrdefnky dnh iuctandtalndc kavacadn dnh iacatdry lrednazdtalns tl supplrt d glrfaen
elvfrnifntlrplpucdtalntjrfdtfnfh`yarrfeucdrdhvfrsdrafs.Anltjfrwlrhs,atrfquarfs
tjfwjlcflgelvfrnifntdpprldkjhfskra`fh`ytjf[fkrftdrafslg[tdtfdnhHfgfnsfantjf
V.[. Elvfrnifnt Kluntfransurefnky Euahf. Ujacf V.[. glrkfs drf supfr`cy trdanfh an tjf
trdhatalndcdspfktslgvalcfntkli`dt,tjfsfarrfeucdrwdrgdrfdnhKLANkdipdaensidygdac
ag wdefh `y iacatdry ifdns dclnf. Eavfn tjdt at as V[E plcaky tl hftfr dnh kluntfr
ansurefnkafs,tjfntjfhfgfnsfantfccaefnkfkliiunatysjluchpcdkfilrffipjdsaslncfgt
lg`dne
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kli`dt
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dpprldkjsjluch`feavfntjfkdpd`acatafsnfkfssdrytlsukkffh.A[Psjluch`fkrdgtfhdnh
rfslurkfhtlsupplrttjasdpprldkj.
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;.XLPXD[M[ 06
;;.. XXLLPPXXDD[[MM[[
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07 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[
XjfV[H(A)asdssaenfhrfsplnsa`acatytl?
d. Idantdan stdnhdrhs dnh euahf tjf hfvfclpifnt lg kdpd`acatafs dnh kdpdkaty glr
pfrsastfnt antfccaefnkf, survfaccdnkf, dnh rfklnndassdnkf dnh dssfssifnt lg
lpfrdtalndc drfds dnh fnvarlnifnts tjdt idy sfrvf ds sdgf jdvfns glr arrfeucdr
tjrfdts.
`. Dhvdnkf antfccaefnkf dnh anglridtaln pdrtnfrsjaps watj antfrdefnky dnh
antfrndtalndc pdrtnfrs, ds dpprlpradtf, tl ahfntagy dnh prfvfnt lr hfgfdt arrfeucdr
tjrfdtsgrlistdtfdnhnlnstdtfdktlrsdkrlsslpfrdtalndcdrfdsdnhfnvarlnifnts.
k.Andkklrhdnkfwatjstrdtfeakeuahdnkfhlkuifnts,aiprlvfdccslurkfklccfktalntl
ahfntagyarrfeucdrtjrfdtsgrlistdtfdnhnlnstdtfdktlrs.Fnsurftaifcyanglridtaln
hassfiandtaln grli tjf strdtfeak tl tjf tdktakdc cfvfc, rfklenazane tjdt arrfeucdr
wdrgdrf pcdkfspdrtakucdr rfcadnkf ln rfcfdsd`cfprlhukts tl gdkacatdtfwlrmanewatj
glrfaensfkuratypdrtnfrs.
h.Idndeftjfhfvfclpifntlgdpprlpradtfdndcytakdcantfccaefnkfilhfcs,tllcs,dnhhdtdtlprlvahfantfccaefnkfsupplrttlV.[.DrifhGlrkfsglrarrfeucdrwdrgdrf.
f. Anklrplrdtf antl antfccaefnkf prlhukts anglridtaln hfravfh grli slkadc dnh
`fjdvalrdcskafnkfslurkfsantjfpu`cakdnhpravdtfsfktlrs.
g.Rrlofktdktavatypdttfrnslndrfealndcdnhecl`dcskdcfglrdndcyzane`ltjgrafnhcydnhdhvfrsdryjuidnnftwlrmstjrluejilhfcanednhsaiucdtalnkdpd`acatafs.
e. An klnounktaln watj tjf KKHPs, pralratazf kdpd`acatafs tl ahfntagy, clkdtf, trdkm,
dnh tdreft dhvfrsdry nftwlrms, kfccs, dnh anhavahudcs an lrhfr tl nfutrdcazf tjfarangcufnkfdnhlpfrdtalndckdpdkaty.
j. Rrliltf antfccaefnkf dnh kluntfrantfccaefnkf kdrffr pdtjs tjdt dttrdkt dnh rftdan
tjf qudntaty dnh qudcaty lg pfrslnnfc watj arrfeucdr wdrgdrfrfcfvdnt smaccs, an
kllrhandtaln watj tjf [fkrftdrafs lg tjf Iacatdry Hfpdrtifnts dnh tjf Vnhfr
[fkrftdrylgHfgfnsfglrRfrslnnfcdnhPfdhanfss(V[H(R&P)).00
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fxdianfstjlsfrfdslns,ankcuhanetjffxaefnkafslglnelanekli`dtlpfrdtalns.
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tl dhhrfss nfw tjrfdts tl V.[. ndtalndc antfrfsts. An dhhataln tl tjf cdref glridtalns lg
rfcdtavfcy stdtak tdrefts kliprasane tjf drifh glrkfs dnh supplrtane angrdstrukturf lg dn
dhvfrsdradcstdtf, tjfhfgfnsf antfccaefnkfkliiunatyiustnlw glkuslnsidcc,haspfrsfh
tdrefts tjdt kjdrdktfrazf sukj nlnstdtf dktlrs ds tfrrlrast dnh ansurefnt nftwlrms. At idy
00A`ah.,7.
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;.XLPXD[M[ 05
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systfis, tjus janhfrane lpfrdtalns tjdt rfquarf rfslurkfs `fylnh tjlsf lg tjf V.[.
elvfrnifnt.
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saendturfstll`sfrvfnlrfnhuranesaendcstlantfrkfpt.Xjfyklnkfdctjfisfcvfswatjantjf
clkdc plpucdtaln dnh utacazf ecl`dc kliiunakdtalns, gandnkf, dnh tfcfkliiunakdtalns
angrdstrukturfs tl jfcp kliidnh, klntrlc, dnh fxfkutf tjfar lpfrdtalns. Xjfsf tjrfdts drf
jahhfn,idsmfh,dnhgcfftane.Ilrflvfr,kluntfrdktanetjfsftjrfdtsdnhhfnyanetjfitjf
d`acaty tl dkjafvf tjfar plcatakdciacatdry l`ofktavfs rfquarfs nfw dnh haggfrfnt typfs dnh
kli`andtalnslgantfccaefnkf/anglridtaln.
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slurkflganglridtalntlslcvftjfkjdccfnefsplsfh`yKLANlpfrdtalns.Anhffh,dccslurkf
dnhiuctaANXantfccaefnkfasfssfntadcglrdkjafvanetjfpfrsastfnt,prfhaktavf,dktavaty`dsfh
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A[Pglrarrfeucdrwdrgdrfiustglkuslnhasklvfranetjfunmnlwndktavatylgdndhvfrsdry,
kjdrdktfrazane at,dnhfxpclatane at.GlrsupplrtlgKLANlpfrdtalns atdcslrfquarfsdkcfdr
dnhsustdanfhglkuslnplpucdtalnkfntrakdktavatafssukjdselvfrndnkf,hfvfclpifnt,dnh
clkdc plpucdtaln sliftaifs `fglrf tjf stdrt lg jlstacatafs. Xjas hfidnhs d tjlrluej
unhfrstdnhane lg jastlrakdc, slkalkucturdc, fklnliak, fhukdtalndc, dnh fnvarlnifntdc
dspfktslgtjfdrfdlglpfrdtalnsandhhatalntlplcatakdcdnhiacatdrygdktlrsdnhtrfnhs.Xjas
an turn rfquarfs ilrf `dsak lr gunhdifntdc antfccaefnkf ds wfcc ds dsslkadtfh slkadc,
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0: KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[
`fjdvalrdc,dnhplcatakdcskafnkfsanglridtalngrlislurkfsantjfpu`cakdnhpravdtfsfktlrs.
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klnsfqufnkfslgpcdns.
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hfganfh an tjf`rldhfst sfnsf. Xjf Xdsm Glrkf dpprfkadtfs tjf patgdccs lg klnsahfrane tjf
dppcakdtalnlgHlHA[Pkdpd`acatafstjdtel`fylnhtrdhatalndciacatdrylpfrdtalns,`uttjfrf
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;.XLPXD[M[ 01
asdnaipcakatnffhtldppcyslifA[Pkdpd`acatafsdedanstdspfktslgKLANtjdtdrfpraidracy
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rfcdtfh nftwlrm lpfrdtalns as tl prlvahf dktavaty`dsfh antfccaefnkf (D@A). D@A as krlss
haskapcanfdnhiuctaANXdnhasdppcakd`cf`ltjtlpjysakdcdnhnlnpjysakdcdktavatafsdnh
trdnsdktalns, ankcuhane slkalkucturdc`fcafgs dnh`fjdvalrs, gandnkadc trdnsdktalns, lpfn
slurkf anglridtaln,dnhky`frdktavatafs. At cfnhs atsfcg tlunhfrstdnhanepdttfrnslg cagf,
cdrefrslkadcnftwlrms,dnhunusudclrsuspakalusdktavaty.
Xjf`cfnhanelgD@Awatjwahfdrfdsurvfaccdnkf,juidneflerdpjy,dnhltjfrkdpd`acatafs
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d`cfnhwaccjfcpsupplrt?
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Ahfntagakdtalndnheflclkdtalnlgtjffntatafsklnhuktanetrdnsdktalns/dktavatafs=
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;2 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[
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klccfktane anglridtaln tl mffp d ganefr ln tjf pucsf lg d plpucdtaln dnh supplrt KLAN
lpfrdtalns.Glrfxdipcf,tjfIdranfKlrpsFxpfhatalndryAntfccaefnkfPldhIdp(nlwanhrdgt)
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tjdtiahcfvfcidndefrsdtidolrantfccaefnkfdefnkafshlnltfnklurdefcdneudeftrdanane
lrtlursantjfgafch,dnhanslifkdsfshasklurdeftjfsfdctleftjfr.XjfXdsmGlrkflutcanfh
tjrluejlut tjas rfplrt slif rfkliifnhdtalns, wjakj ag aipcfifntfh an d sustdanfh
idnnfr,waccjfcpaiprlvftjfAKsd`acatytlunhfrstdnhdnhrfplrtlnclkdckucturfs.
An rfkfnt yfdrs tjf HlHs A[P klccfktaln anvfstifnt nfkfssdracy glkusfh ln ifftane tjf
rfquarfifntslgtjfkurrfntklngcakt,rfsuctaneantjfprlkurfifntlgdsuatflgsfnslrsdnh
pcdtglris tjdtdrflptaiazfh glrklccfktaln anhfsfrtdnhiluntdanlus tfrrdans.Ilrflvfr,
tjfsf sfnslrs drf cdrefcy hfsaenfh (dnh fipclyfh) tl supplrt G; lpfrdtalns tjdt drf
nfkfssdryglrklnhuktaneKXdnhkli`dtlpfrdtalns.XjasfipjdsascfdvfsHlHpltfntadccy
sjlrtantjfd`acatytlklccfktanltjfrtypfslgtfrrdan.(f.e.ounecf)dswfccdsltjfrpjdsfslg
tjfKLANiassaln(f.e.,wjfrfansurefntsidy`fstdrtanetlturndplpucdtalnerlup).Andhhataln,tjfidsslghdtd`faneklccfktfh`ytjfpcdtglrisdnhsfnslrskurrfntcy anusf as
glrkanetjfnffhtl`uachdilrffggfktavfRFHkdpd`acaty,lnftjdtprlvahfsswagtfrglrfnsaks
tl fxdianf dnh dndcyzf dntfkfhfnt dktavatafs, dcclws glr dccslurkf dndcysas, dnh idmfs
`fttfr usf lg`dnhwahtj dnh kliiunakdtaln kdpd`acatafs. [u`stdntadc fgglrts lg HlHs A[P
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fipclyfhtljdnhcftjfgcllhlgnfwklccfktalnhdtd.Xjaswaccnfkfssatdtfidssavfkjdnefs
ankucturftlpfriatilrfdutlidtaln,tjfhaskdrhanelgcfssusfguchdtd,dnhtjfdkkfptdnkf
lgnfwglridtslgA[Prfplrtane.
Uatjantjfkurrfntlpfrdtalndcfnvarlnifnt,tjfrfdrfgfwfggfktavf,tfiplrdccydkkfptd`cf
iftjlhlcleafs glr tjf antferdtaln (lr gusaln) lg kurrfnt cfvfcs lg hdtd strfdiane grli tjf
idny spdkf`dsfh, dar`lrnf, il`acf, an satu, dnh tfrrfstradc rfiltf sfnslrs, cft dclnf rfdc
taif antferdtaln. Xjas aipfhfs HlHs d`acaty tl cfvfrdef iuctapcf, nftwlrmfh
sfnslr/pcdtglri kli`andtalns an d taifcy gdsjaln tl dkjafvf hliandnt satudtalndc
dwdrfnfss. Xjas gusaln prl`cfi wacc lncy`f fxdkfr`dtfh`y tjf gcllh lg hdtd grli nfw
klccfktalnsystfisd`luttl`fgafchfh.
Fgglrts drf unhfrwdy tl klrrfkt tjf idssavf prl`cfis lg hdtd dkkfss. Xjf Anglridtaln
[jdraneAntferdtfhRrlhuktXfdi(ARX),fstd`casjfhunhfrtjfduspakfslgtjfV[H(A),glrtjf
purplsf lgsynkjrlnazane anglridtaln sjdrane anatadtavfs ansupplrt lg A[DG rfquarfifnts
dnhVnatfh[tdtfsglrkfsanDgejdnastdn,idhfsu`stdntadcprlerfss.Jlwfvfr,tjfA[PXdsmGlrkfsjluchvasatfdkjlgtjfidanhassfiandtalnnlhfs(sukjdstjfHastra`utfhKliiln
Erlunh[tdtaln(HKE[))tlhftfrianftjffxtfnttlwjakjdndcyststjfrfjdvftjfnfkfssdry
tllcs tl fxfkutf tjfar`dsak KLAN iassaln dnh idmf nfkfssdry quakm gax anvfstifnts tl
rfifhysjlrtgdccs.
An dhhataln, tjf plrtglcal dndcysas dpprldkj hfskra`fh an tjf prfvalus sfktaln wluch dcsl
jfcpfstd`casjd`fttfr,sjlrttfriplrtglcaldnh`dcdnkflgA[PrfslurkfsglrkurrfntKLAN
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80 KLANA[PLRFPDXALN[
lpfrdtalns.Lvfrtaif,fxpdnhfhsaiucdtaln,ediane,dnhgafchtfstanesjluch`ffipclyfh
tlsupplrtdssfssifntslgjlwA[Pklccfktalndnhdndcysaskdn`faiprlvfhdsatdppcafstld
KLAN kdipdaen. Glr fxdipcf, klccfktaln efliftrafs lg tdreft drfds drf haggfrfnt glr fdkj
rfealn wjfrf ansurefnkafs fxast lr kluch tdmf rllt. Glr anstdnkf, Dgejdnastdn as
prfhliandtfcy
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dttrdktavftdreftsglrtrdkmane.
Xl gdkacatdtf tjas saiucdtaln fgglrt, HlH iaejt klnsahfr ilhagyane lr klnstruktane d tfst
rdnefaniluntdanlustfrrdanhfsaenfhtldssfssKLAN assufs.[ukjdrdnefiaejt ankcuhf
wahfcyhaspfrsfh vaccdefs tl gdkacatdtf dnh fvdcudtf nfw klccfktaln dnh sdipcane
strdtfeafs,dswfccdstltfstdctfrndtavfsfkuratyKLNLR[dnhplcakafs.
Gandccy, tjfrf as nl dppdrfnt glridc AK prlkfss glr dssfssane AK pfrglridnkf dedanst d
kustlifrs dccslurkf rfquarfifnts (a.f., iftraks) spfkagakdccy glr KLAN dnh ifdsurane
tjf lpplrtunaty klst glr aipcfifntane sukj nfw rfquarfifnts.01 Gurtjfr, iftraks tjdtfvdcudtfprlerfsslgtjfansurefnky,dssffngrlitjfvafwplantlgtjfansurefntcfdhfrsjap,
drf d kratakdc dnh lgtfn lvfrcllmfh antfccaefnkf rfquarfifnt.;2 Xjas rfh pfrspfktavf
dndcysas iust hrdw upln d hffp unhfrstdnhane lg tjf vdcufs dnh eldcs lg ansurefnt
cfdhfrsjap. D rfvafw lg pltfntadc iftraks glr antfccaefnkf supplrt tl KLAN sjluch `f
unhfrtdmfn`y V[H(A) (dnh pfrjdps tjf HNA) ds pdrt lg dn lvfrdcc duhat lg antfccaefnkf
rfquarfifnts.
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pdrtakapdtalnlgtjfwjlcflgelvfrnifnt,watjkavacadndefnkafsantjfcfdhdnhtjfiacatdry
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ndtalns cfeataidtf elvfrnifnt, dnh tjf dggfktfh plpucdtaln, ds wfcc ds tjf iacatdry,
wlrmane tleftjfr`dsfh ln d kljfrfnt strdtfey as tjf ilst camfcy pdtj tl dkjafvane V.[.
KLAN l`ofktavfs. HlH cfdhfrs sjluch idmf tjf kdsf glr sukj d strdtfey dnh wlrm watj
cfdhfrs lg ltjfr defnkafs tl krfdtf tjf kdpdkaty glr d wjlcflgelvfrnifnt dpprldkj. A[P
rfslurkfpcdnnanesjluchtdmfantldkklunttjfnffhslgdwjlcflgelvfrnifntdpprldkj,
dnhtjfnffhtlsupplrtHlHdnhnlnHlHkliplnfnts.
Andsaiacdrvfan,A[Prfslurkfpcdnnanesjluchdkkliilhdtffifreaneplpucdtalnkfntrak
klnkfptsdswfcc.HlHjdstdmfnslifstfpsantjasharfktaln.[tuhafslnpdttfrnslgcagfdn