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Deepwater Oil & Gas Facilities Deepwater Oil & Gas Facilities

6th China-US OGIF, New Orleans, USA

June 28 – 29, 20052005年6月28日至29日

Bill SoesterV.P. EngineeringJ. Ray McDermott

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Definitions of DeepwaterDefinitions of Deepwater

Relative, change as technologies progress

10 Years agoDeepwater: >300 meters

TodayDeepwater: > 500 metersUltra-deepwater: > 1,500 meters

Water Depth Records ( 2004)Production – dry tree: 1,710 m, Devils Tower Spar, GOMProduction – wet tree: 1,920 m, NaKika Semi, GOMDrilling: 3,051 Meters, Toledo #1, GOM

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Deepwater Development SolutionsDeepwater Development Solutions

Advances in Deep Water Production Capability

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1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

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Deepwater Development SolutionsDeepwater Development Solutions

C. Tower

Spar and Semi

TLPRelative

Total Cost

1300 ft 2000 ft 4000 ft 6000 ft 8000 ft

Water Depth

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Deepwater Development SolutionsDeepwater Development Solutions

Solutions for Different Water Depths

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Conv.Fixed

Jacket

CompliantTower

TLP Semi-sub Spar FPSO

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– for Dry TreesDeepwater Production Facilities – for Dry Trees

Compliant Tower Tension Leg Platform Spar

(TLP)

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Deepwater Production Facilities – for Wet TreesDeepwater Production Facilities – for Wet Trees

Floating Production,

Storage and Offloading (FPSO)

Semi-submersible

(Semi)

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Inputs to theFPSO vs. non-FPSO Decision

Inputs to theFPSO vs. non-FPSO Decision

Access to Pipeline Grid or shoreOil Export Site – Political or Economical factorsLife of Field Dry Tree vs. Wet TreeReservoir Development PlanTolerance to Production Down Time

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Factors in Choosing between Non-FPSO Solutions (Spars, Towers, TLPs, Semis)Factors in Choosing between Non-FPSO Solutions (Spars, Towers, TLPs, Semis)

Water DepthEnvironment ConditionsInitial vs. future Topside WeightNo. of Risers Drilling ProgramAccess to Wells: Wet vs. DryInstallation CapabilitiesInitial vs. Total Life Cycle Cost

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ing Hybrid Solution – Obtaining the

Benefits of both Types of Facilities Hybrid Solution – Obtaining the Benefits of both Types of Facilities

TLP or SparDrillingDry TreesEasy Intervention

and

FPSOProcessingStorageOffloading

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Compliant TowerCompliant Tower

Design:Tower – Slender jacketCompliant –designed to avoid resonance with large waves

Application – most cost effective in 300 to 670 m.Advantages:

Dry treeRobust relative to payload changesLess steel tonnages required (in the above depth range)Simpler, conventional fabricationInstallation flexibility

Disadvantages :Limited water depth range

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Compliant Tower – Tallest Man Made StructureCompliant Tower – Tallest Man Made Structure

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Semi-submersibleSemi-submersible

Design – vertical columns supporting topsides and supported on large pontoons, anchored to the seafloor with spread mooring lines.

Applicable W.D. – 80 m to 2,500 m

Advantages:Large number of flexible risers possibleQuayside Topsides-hull integration

Disadvantages:Wet tree onlyhigh maintenance costFatigue motion – not friendly to risersSensitive to deck payload

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Tension Leg Platform (TLP)Tension Leg Platform (TLP)

Design – Similar to a semi-submersible but anchored to the seafloor with vertical tendons.

Application - more cost effective from 600 m to 1,200 mAdvantages:

Dry treeFriendly to SCRQuayside topsides-hull integrationLow maintenance cost

Disadvantages:Sensitive to deck payload changeActive hull systemNot friendly to offset drillingTendon fatigue

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SparSpar

Design – Large vertical column supporting topsides and connected below to the ballast tank with a truss section. A spread mooring system is used for station-keeping.Application – 550 m to 3,000 m

Advantages:Superior stabilityDry treesFriendly to SCRAccommodates payload changesFriendly to offset drillingPassive hull systemLow maintenance cost

Disadvantages:Topside lift at installation siteLarge derrick barge required for topsides installation

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Deepwater Technology SuppliersDeepwater Technology Suppliers

Compliant TowerJ. Ray McDermottWood Group

TLPJ. Ray McDermott (JV with Keppel)MODECSBMAker-Kvaerner

SparJ. Ray McDermottTechnip

FPSOVarious

Semi-submersibleVarious

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The Industry’s Deepwater ExperienceThe Industry’s Deepwater Experience

Compliant Tower – 3 eachSpar – 13TLP – 21Semi (production type) – 43FPSO – 119

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The Future The Future

Improved design tools – providing lower weight and less expensive hulls

Improved hull shapes – greater motion stability and payload capacity

Improved deepwater riser technology

Synthetic mooring lines for ultra deep water

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ConclusionConclusion

China is proceeding with deepwater exploration

Deepwater solutions are available for China’s O&G development plans, from 300 meters to 3000 meters

Cooperation between China and the deepwater technology contractors makes good business sense

Thank You