Deepwater Field Development - Floating Production System ... · spon s e TLP Ship (Beam) Semi Spar 5 Seconds 20 Seconds Wave Period (Seconds) Sea Energy Ship (Bow) Motion Response

MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004

Floating Production System Deepwater Development Options

by

Pieter Wybro

Sea Engineering, Inc.

Owner

Text Box

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1. Deepwater Platform Options2. Market Trends3. Primary Drivers4. Technology Issues5. Future Trends

Presentation Topics


Local Host Development Option


Satellite Wellhead Platforms to Central Hub

Hub Facility

WHP

WI Wells


Production Floater Hull Types

Monohull

FPSO - Production, Storage, and Shuttle OfftakeFSO - Storage and Shuttle OfftakeFPU - Production and Pipeline Offtake


Production Floater Hull Types

MonohullMonohullMonohull

Semi-Submersibles----------------------------------------------

Conversions

New Generation New Build


Deepwater Floater Hull Types


SemiSemiSemi---SubmersiblesSubmersiblesSubmersibles----------------------------------------------

Spars

Classic Spar Truss Spar


Deepwater Floater Hull Types


SemiSemiSemi---SubmersiblesSubmersiblesSubmersibles----------------------------------------------

SparsSparsSparsTension Leg Platforms (TLP)

Classic TLP Monocolumn TLP

Moses TLP


Floating Production Systems Growth

Mature Technology.Historically has been primarily conversions.Historically, FPS were used in medium water depth, early production, short field life, flexible risers.

Floating

Reference: International Maritime Consultants 2004Reference: International Maritime Consultants 2004


GOM Floating Systems

(Source: MMS Deepwater GOM Report 2004)

198819891990199119921993199419951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

20032004

2005

2006

TLPSPAR

Semi

0

1

2

3

Number

Year


Recent Exploration Trends

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

num

ber

of e

xplo

ratio

n w

ells

co

mpl

eted

>75005000-74991500-49991000-1499

Ultra-deep water Trend



GOM Discoveries > 7000’ WDPro je c t Name Block WD, ft Year

Aconcagua MC 305 7,379 1999Camden Hills MC 348 7,530 1999Blind Faith MC 696 7,116 2001Merganser AT 37 8,064 2001St. Malo WR 678 7,326 2001Trident AC 903 9,816 2001Cascade WR 206 8,143 2002Great White AC 857 7,425 2002Vortex AT 261 8,422 2002Atlas LL 50 9,180 2003Chinook WR 469 9,104 2003Jubilee AT 349 8,891 2003Spiderman/Amazon DC 621 8,100 2003



Waterdepth Records for FPU Types

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Year

Wat

erde

pth,

ft

TLP SPAR Semi


Primary Drivers for Deepwater FPUsWaterdepth.PayloadProduction Characteristics – Well Access Requirements. Availability of Infrastructure & Market location. Platform drilling, predrilling vs postdrillingGas Disposal Requirements.Local Content Requirements.Field Life.Metocean Conditions.


Wellbore Access: Direct vs Subsea?

Direct (Dry Tree)Single Drill CenterLower OPEX and Life Cycle Costs Simpler well HardwareMinimize well intervention Cost and downtimeLess Flow Assurance RiskHigher recovery Strict motion requirements

Indirect (Wet Tree)Multi Drill CentersHigher OPEXMinimize Drilling Costs and Risks for Large Areal Extent ReservoirsMaximize Development Plan FlexibilityCapability for wide range of hull types More complex flow assurance issuesSeafloor intervention, vessel availability


Proven Deepwater Technology

Semi FPS

Compliant Tower

Conventional TLP

New GenerationTLPs

Truss Spar

Classic Spar

Dry Tree SolutionsWet Tree Solutions

Shipshape FPSO

Source: Offshore MagazineDeepwater Production Solutions poster; Sept.,2000

2A-4


Riser Options

Steel Catenary Risers (SCR)Hybrid RisersFlexible Catenary Risers

StricterHull MotionRequirements

StricterHull MotionRequirements

Direct Tensioned Riser Air Can Tensioned Riser Tubing Tie-back RiserCompliant Vertical Access Riser (CVAR)*

Near or At-Surface Completion*

Drilling/Completion/WO riser

Direct Vertical Access Options:

TTR

Wet Tree Options:

Note: * Option is unproven


Sea

Ener

gy /

Hea

ve R

espo

nse

TLP

Ship (Beam)

Semi Spar

5 Seconds 20 SecondsWave Period (Seconds)

Sea Energy

Ship (Bow)Sea

Ener

gy /

Hea

ve R

espo

nse

TLP

Ship (Beam)

Semi Spar

5 Seconds 20 SecondsWave Period (Seconds)

Sea Energy

Ship (Bow)

Motion Response Characteristics


GOM FPU Motion Comparison

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Heave D.A. (ft)

TLP SPAR CP Semi Semi Monohull


Mooring Options

Catenary leg mooringsSemi-taut leg mooringsTaut leg polyester mooring

Mooring Leg Options: Offsets Vert. Load

Foundation Options:Uplift

Steel Driven PilesSuction PilesSEPLAVLADrag Embedment


Installed & Sanctioned FPSOsWater Depths > 300 m

Brazil (8)Brazil (8)

Angola (2)Angola (2)

Italy (1)Italy (1)

Norway (2)Norway (2)

UK (2)UK (2)

China (2)China (2)

Source: Aker Maritime’s & Mustang Engineering 2001 Worldwide Survey of FPSOs; Aug, 2001 Issue of Offshore Magazine


Monohull Mooring Types

• Internal Turret

••• External TurretExternal TurretExternal Turret

••• Yoke SystemYoke SystemYoke System

••• Spread mooredSpread mooredSpread moored



••• Internal TurretInternal TurretInternal Turret

• External Turret


••• Spread mooredSpread mooredSpread moored





• Yoke System

••• Spread mooredSpread mooredSpread moored • Old style• Not Applicable to deep water






• Spread moored

• Directional environment• Offtake issues


Offtake


FPSOno oil export pipeline requiredConverted tankers, if used, can lower initial cost & scheduleAvailable payload & deck area---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oil field use only (no advantage for gas field)Wet Tree – no direct well accessPotentially high cost for well workoverHigh turret/fluid swivel cost potential


Worldwide Installed & Sanctioned Semi - FPSsWater Depths > 300 m

Brazil (13)Brazil (13)

Norway (7)Norway (7)

China (1)China (1)US GoM (5)US GoM (5)


Semisubmersible FPU

Hull steel weight equivalent to a TLPDeck can be pre-integrated inshoreInstalled with anchor handling vesselsHull motions generally acceptable for SCR risers.

CP Semi – New Generation Semi


SemisubmersiblesLow structure weightCatenary or Taut-Leg Spread moored Good motions, SCRs are possiblePlatform drilling or workover rig is possibleSubsea trees with vertical access------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DVA risers w/dry trees unprovenLarge mooring footprintPipeline offtake


Installed & Sanctioned SPARsWater Depths > 300 m

GoM (14)GoM (14)


SPARS International Technip

Spar Installations


Spar Installations

Medusa2002

Devils Tower 2004

Front Runner2004

2,322’GOM

5,610’ GOM

3,500’GOM


Spar Installation


Air Can Risers


SparsDry tree capableLow heave motionsCatenary or taut leg mooringsLow sensitivity to topsides weight-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Large structure weightLarge seabed footprintLarge lateral motions at deck and keelHull VIM may cause fatigue of components (aircan, riser, mooring etc.)


Installed & Sanctioned TLPsWater Depths > 300 m

Conv. TLP (1)Conv. TLP (1)Conv. TLPs (2)Conv. TLPs (2)

TLWP (2)TLWP (2)

US GOM - TLP (9)US GOM - TLP (9)US GOM - Mini TLP (4)US GOM - Mini TLP (4)

US GOM - TLWP (1)US GOM - TLWP (1)

TLWP (2)TLWP (2)

TLWP (2)


Classic TLPs

TLWP

Concrete

PDQ


Seno Development

FPUFPU

Seno Field (1000m WD)

TLWP

Drilling Tender


MOSES New Generation TLP

Marco Polo TLP in 4300 ft Waterdepth


GoMW AfricaW Africa

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

Wat

er D

epth

(ft)

Steel Tendon Practical Depth LimitsClassic TLP

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

SE AsiaSE Asia

2,000 6,000 10,000 14,000 18,000 22,000 26,000

Payload (st), excludes deck steel, includes risers


GoMW AfricaW Africa

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

Wat

er D

epth

(ft) SE AsiaSE Asia

Steel Tendon Practical Depth LimitsNew Generation TLP

0.4

1.5

0.8

0.2

0.5

0.8

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 2000 4000 6000

W a te rd e p th (ft)

RA

TIO

: Te

ndon

Wt /

Pay

load

0 .4

1 .5

0.8

0.2

0.5

0.8

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 2000 4000 6000

W a te rd e p th (ft)

RA

TIO

: Te

ndon

Wt /

Pay

load

Classic

Moses

8,000

7,000

6,000

5,000

2,000 6,000 10,000 14,000 18,000 22,000 26,000

Payload (st), excludes deck steel, includes risers


Integrated TLP Tow out


Direct Tensioned Risers


Tension Leg PlatformStable with minimal heave, roll and pitch motionsDry Tree capable Small seabed footprint Scalable to small fieldsLow structure weightInshore integration-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

No oil storage Sensitive to topsides weightHas water depth limit with steel tendons


Global Design Efficiency

Payload Excludes Deck steel and product storage

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000

Displacement, st

Dis

plac

emen

t/Pay

load

Conventional TLPSeastar TLPMoses TLPConventional SemiSparUnocal TLPC P Semi

Magnolia

Marco PoloAuger

Brutus

Mars

Ram-Pow ell

Ursa

JollietMarlinPrince

MorpethTyphoon

Matterhorn NaKika

Neptune

Boomvang/NansenHorn Mountain

Genesis

Seno ASeno B

Allegheny

Kizomba A

AtlantisThunder Horse

CP Semi 28000CP Semi 12000


SPARHull design less depth sensitive

Riser aircans are weight sensitive

Lower Payload Sensitivity of hull

Simpler mooring system

Simpler hull construction

TLPSimpler risers

Less motions

Lower Hull Weight

Small seabed footprint

Topsides can be integrated inshore

Deepwater System Comparisons

2A-19


Deepwater System ComparisonsSemi

Used in areas with accessible infrastructure

SCR Risers feasible

Efficient hull weight

Simpler Mooring system

FPSOUsed in area lacking pipeline infrastructure

Oil storage and offtakecapability

Gas handling and offtakeis an issue.

SCR Risers are generally not feasible

2A-20


Technical and Commercial Maturity

TECHNICALLY COMMERCIALLYMATURE MATURE

FPSO Yes YesSpar - Classic Yes NoSpar - Truss Yes NoSemi FPS Yes Yes DD Semi No NoTLP Yes Yes

SYSTEM TECHNICALLY COMMERCIALLYMATURE MATURE

FPSO Yes YesSpar - Classic Yes NoSpar - Truss Yes NoSemi FPS Yes Yes DD Semi No NoTLP Yes Yes

SYSTEM


Deepwater FPU Design ChallengesEfficient Hulls with good performanceEfficient Hulls with good performanceReducing Installation costs & risksReducing Installation costs & risksDeepwater mooring designsDeepwater mooring designsDVA riser designs DVA riser designs Deep currents & VIV of risers and tendonsDeep currents & VIV of risers and tendonsReduce drilling costsReduce drilling costsNonNon--linear hydrodynamics linear hydrodynamics –– VIM, run up, free VIM, run up, free surface effects, higher order loadssurface effects, higher order loadsModel Testing scale effects and mooring truncation Model Testing scale effects and mooring truncation effectseffects


Emerging Deepwater Production Solutions

Deep Draft SemisubmersiblesFDPSOs Floating LNG

2A-19


FPU Technology Direction

UltraUltra--deep waterdeep waterNew Generation efficient hullsNew Generation efficient hullsImproved lightweight topsidesImproved lightweight topsidesTender Assisted Drilling (TAD)Tender Assisted Drilling (TAD)Improved moorings and foundationsImproved moorings and foundationsImproved risersImproved risersMore efficient platform installation methodsMore efficient platform installation methods


New Generation Hulls + Lightweight TopsidesUS GOM Production TLPs and Semisubs

0 50 100 150 200 250

Design Throughput, KBOEPD

Hull

+ De

ck S

teel

, ton

s

Magnolia

Marco Polo

Auger

Brutus

MarsRam-Powell

Ursa

Jolliet

Marlin

Prince

Matterhorn

Typhoon

NaKika

Prince

Marco Polo

Dry Tree TLPs in GoM


SummarySPARS, proven to 6000’ and TLPs, proven to 5000’ dominate deepwater in GOM.

SPAR w/dry trees can be extended to 10,000 ft water depth; riserand mooring systems are a challenge.

Semis and FPSO w/wet trees can be extended to 10,000 ft waterdepth; mooring system is a challenge.

Development of emerging tendon technology is required to extend TLP beyond 7500 ft water depth.

Costs and schedule for deepwater floating systems are market driven.

“Best System” dependent on water depth, field size, existing infrastructure, market conditions, and reservoir characteristics

2A-20

Documents

Deepwater Field Development - Floating Production System ... · spon s e TLP Ship (Beam) Semi Spar 5 Seconds 20 Seconds Wave Period (Seconds) Sea Energy Ship (Bow) Motion Response