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7/26/2019 Deep Sea Pelagic Biota
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Deep Sea
Water column andseafloor with more than
200 m in depth
It supports higof habitat and s
enormous mresourc
Seafloor composes Earthsarea by 63% and water
column composes volume ofwater on Earth by 98.5%
It shows imecological fun
servic
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Deep Sea Environment
Cold (0 6 C)
Dark (No light)Low oxy
conte
Scarce fHigh hydrostatic
pressure (1 atm/ 10m depth)
Slow current (1m/s)
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Deep Sea Life
Few in number
Year-roundreproduction
Small br
Slow grLong life
High diversity
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Physiological Adaptations
There is no shallow counterparts, meanwhile watery tissues and flimsy bod
Deep sea fishes have thinly ossified bones and reduced protein and lipid leboth fishes and crustaceans.
Gelatinous animals, the exception to the pattern, rely on transparency rathelocomotion to avoid detection by their sighted predators and prey.
Cephalopods and fishes have big eye to increase sensitivity toward light.
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Behavioral Adaptation
Scarce food
Low oxygencontent
Energyconservation
Low activity levelPredationstrategies
Attracting prey
Waiting
Deploy
Biol
M
M
U
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Bioluminescence
Most common form of communication.
Functions:
Defensive information
Attracting prey
Illuminate prey
Communication media with others of the same species
It is produced, depends on species, by certain organ or bacterial symbionts.
Luciferin + O2
Luciferase
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Benthopelagic Fauna
Feed on the bottom but but spend the majority of their time swsuspended above it.
Including fishes, holothurians, crustaceans, gelatinous animals
Crossota millsae Viviparous Asexual reproduction Brooding their juveniles Shed their tentacles
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Benthopelagic Fauna
Enypniastes eximia Whole-body bioluminescence Very fragile skin, replaced
every 1-5 days
Squaliolus a Opportun Biolumin Delayed
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Megafauna
The giant siphonophores, e.g. Praya
- It is distributed through Atlantic Europe and the Gulf of M
- living at 700 m to 1000 m below sea level
- can grow to length of 40 m (130 ft)
Architeuthis dux(Giant squid)
- the largest chepalopods that have length up to 60 ft and900 kg.
- Concentrations of species found range from the North AtOcean, the South Atlantic in southern African waters, the NoPacific around Japan, and the southwestern Pacific around NZealand and Australia and circumglobal in the Southern Oce
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Megafauna
Praya dubiahttp://biolum.eemb.ucsb.edu/organism/pictures/praya.html
Architeuthis dux
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The Jelly Web
The jelly web is large andcomplex gelatinous faunain deep water canseasonally dominate thesecond and third trophiclevels of midwater
communities.
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References
Capezzuto, F., R. Carlucci, P. Maiorano, L. Sion, D. Battista, A. Giove, A. Indennidate, A. Tu2010. The Bathyal Benthopelagic Fauna in the North-Western Ionian Sea: StrucInteractions. Chemistry and Ecology26: 199-217.
Haddock, S. H. D., M. A. Moline, & J. F. Case. 2010. Bioluminescence in the Sea.Annual Revie2: 443-493.
Martin, R. A., & J. Treberg. 2000. Biology of Deep Sea Sharks: A Review. Downloaded fresearch.org/publications/pdfs/deep-sea-sharks.pdf[October 22nd, 2015].
Robinson, B. H. 2004. Deep Sea Biology.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
Thuesen, E. V. 2003. Crossota millsae (Cnidaria: Trachymedusae: Rhopalonematidae),Viviparous Hydromedusa from the Deep Sea Off California and Hawaii. Zootaxa309: 1-1
http://www.elasmo-research.org/publications/pdfs/deep-sea-sharks.pdfhttp://www.elasmo-research.org/publications/pdfs/deep-sea-sharks.pdfhttp://www.elasmo-research.org/publications/pdfs/deep-sea-sharks.pdfhttp://www.elasmo-research.org/publications/pdfs/deep-sea-sharks.pdf