Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 81 · plate tectonics. Thes reports contain the results of the ini-tial studies of the recovered core material and the associated

Initial Reportsof the

Deep Sea Drilling Project

A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of theJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)

VOLUME LXXXIcovering Leg 81 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger

Southampton, United Kingdom, to Ponta Delgada, Azores IslandsJuly-September, 1981

PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS

David G. Roberts, Detmar Schnitker,Jan Backman, Jack G. Baldauf, Alain Desprairies, Reiner Homrighausen,

Paul Huddlestun, Alfred J. Kaltenback, Klaus A. O. Krumsiek, Andrew C. Morton,

John W. Murray, Jean Westberg-Smith, and Herman B. Zimmerman

SHIPBOARD SCIENCE REPRESENTATIVE

John B. Keene

SENIOR SCIENCE EDITORJan Backman

Prepared for theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

National Ocean Sediment Coring ProgramUnder Contract C-482

By theUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Scripps Institution of OceanographyPrime Contractor for the Project

This material is based upon research supported by the NationalScience Foundation under Contract No. C-482.

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations ex-pressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

It is recommended that reference to the whole or to part of thisvolume be made in one of the following forms, as appropriate:

Roberts, D. G., Schnitker, D., et al., 19 Init. Repts. DSDP, 81:Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office).

Latouche, C , and Maillet, N., 19 X-ray mineralogy study oftertiary deposits, Leg 81, Sites 552-555. In Roberts, D. G.,Schnitker, D., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 81: Washington (U.S.Govt. Printing Office), -

Effective Publication Dates of DSDP Initial Reports

According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date ofpublication of a work and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclatureis the date on which the publication was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, orwhen the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailed to institutions and in-dividuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printeddate, is the correct one.

Mailing dates of the more recent Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectare as follows:

Volume 70—April, 1983Volume 71—September, 1983Volume 72—December, 1983Volume 73—January, 1984Volume 74—March, 1984Volume 75—June, 1984Volume 76—November, 1983

Printed December 1984

Stock Number 038-000-00551-1

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74—603338

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D. C. 20402

IV

The world's first major oceanographic expe-dition took place between 1872 and 1876. Thisfour year expedition, aboard the H.M.S. Chal-lenger covering nearly 70,000 nautical milesand gathering oceanographic data from 362 sta-tions, expanded our basic knowledge of theworld's oceans and provided a solid foundationfor future studies in marine geology. A centu-ry later, another vessel also named Challengerhas continued to expand our knowledge of theworld's ocean and has helped revolutionize ourconcepts of how the seafloor and the continentsform and change. The Drilling Vessel GlomarChallenger is plying the same waters as its his-toric counterpart, seeking answers to new ques-

. ^ tions concerning the history of our planet and-T O r β W O r C l the life it supports. The continued advancement

of knowledge about the fundamental processesand dynamics of the earth will lead to a greaterunderstanding of our planet and more intelli-gent use of its resources.

Since 1968, the Deep Sea Drilling Project hasbeen supported by the National Science Foun-dation, primarily through a contract with theUniversity of California which, in turn, sub-contracts to Global Marine Incorporated forthe services of the D/V Glomar Challenger.Scripps Institution of Oceanography is respon-sible for management of the University con-tract.

Through contracts with Joint OceanographicInstitutions, Inc. (JOI, Inc.), the National Sci-ence Foundation supports the scientific adviso-ry structure for the project and funds pre-drill-ing geophysical site surveys. Scientific planningis conducted under the auspices of the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sam-pling (JOIDES). The JOIDES advisory groupconsists of over 250 members who make up 24committees, panels and working groups. Themembers are distinguished scientists from aca-demic institutions, government agencies andprivate industry from all over the world.

In 1975, the International Phase of OceanDrilling (IPOD) began. Present IPOD membernations, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan,United Kingdom and France, provide partialsupport of the project. Each member nationtakes an active role in the scientific planning of

the project through membership in JOIDES.Scientists from these countries also participatein the field work aboard the D/V Glomar Chal-lenger and post-cruise scientific studies.

The first ocean coring operations for theDeep Sea Drilling Project began on August 11,1968. During the ensuing years of drilling op-erations in the Atlantic, Pacific and IndianOceans, the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea,Mediterranean Sea, and Antarctic waters, thescientific objectives that had been proposed weresuccessfully accomplished. Primarily, the ageof the ocean basins and their processes of devel-opment were determined. The validity of thehypothesis of sea floor spreading was firmlydemonstrated and its dynamics studied. Em-phasis was placed on broad reconnaissance andtesting the involvement of mid-oceanic ridgesystems in the development of the ocean basin.Later legs of the Challengers voyages concen-trated on the nature of the oceanic crust, thesedimentary history of the passive ocean mar-gins, sediment dynamics along active ocean mar-gins and other areas of interest. The accumu-lated results of this project have led to majornew interpretations of the pattern of sedimenta-tion and the physical and chemical characteris-tics of the ancient oceans.

Technological advances have provided newtools which in turn have opened new dimen-sions of scientific discovery. Since the introduc-tion of the Hydraulic Piston Corer in 1979 vir-tually undisturbed cores of soft sediment layerscan now be obtained. This technological ad-vance has greatly enhanced the ability of scien-tists to study ancient ocean environments, as re-corded by sediment characteristics and flora andfauna preserved in these sedimentary layers.

A second major advance is the use of thehole after it is drilled. The project continuallylogs holes and performs geophysical and geo-chemical studies before, during and after drill-ing. Long term downhole geophysical seismicmonitoring devices have been implanted suc-cessfully in DSDP holes. These new listeningdevices and geophysical studies have providedvaluable information as to the origin and na-ture of the dynamic processes involved withplate tectonics.

These reports contain the results of the ini-tial studies of the recovered core material andthe associated geophysical information. All peo-ple benefit either directly or indirectly from thisfundamental research. Knowledge about pastand present conditions and processes are thefoundations for future predictions and develop-ments. Both short and long term benefits areobtained by advances in drilling technology andinstrumentation. Information is being obtainedabout the origin and geographic distribution ofnatural resources. Just as the H.M.S. Challen-ger had a profound impact on scientific thoughtfor over a century, this second Challenger expe-dition has given and will continue to give agreater understanding of the oceans and theprocesses that form and shape the earth.

Edward A. Knapp,Director

Washington, D.C.July 1983

VI

Recognizing the need in the oceanographiccommunity for scientific planning of a programto obtain deep sedimentary cores from theocean bottoms, four of the major oceanograph-ic institutions that had strong interests andprograms in the fields of marine geology andgeophysics formed, in May 1964, the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep EarthSampling (JOIDES). This group, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory; RosenstielSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Science,University of Miami; the Scripps Institution ofOceanography, University of California at San

_ P I * G X c i C 3 € 3 Diego; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic In-stitution, expressed an interest in undertakingscientific planning and guidance of thesedimentary drilling program. It was the pur-pose of this group to foster programs to in-vestigate the sediments and rocks beneath thedeep oceans by drilling and coring. Themembership of this original group was laterenlarged in 1968 when the University ofWashington became a member, and again in1975 when University of Hawaii Institute ofGeophysics, the Oregon State UniversitySchool of Oceanography, the University ofRhode Island Graduate School of Oceanogra-phy, and Texas A&M University Department ofOceanography became members. In accordancewith international agreements, institutionsof participating nations became members ofJOIDES. Thus, during 1974 to 1976, theBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften undRohstoffe of the Federal Republic of Germany,the Centre National pour PExploitation desOceans of France, the National EnvironmentalResearch Council of the United Kingdom, theUniversity of Tokyo of Japan, and Academy ofSciences of the USSR became JOIDES members.

Through discussions sponsored by theJOIDES organization, with support from theNational Science Foundation, ColumbiaUniversity's Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory operated a drilling program in thesummer of 1965, on the Blake Plateau regionoff Jacksonville, Florida.

vn

With this success in hand, planning beganfor a more extensive deep sea effort. Thisresulted in the award of a contract by theNational Science Foundation to the Scripps In-stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali-fornia at San Diego for an eighteen-monthdrilling program in the Atlantic and Pacificoceans, termed the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP). Operations at sea began in August1968, using the now-famous drilling vessel, theGlomar Challenger.

The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectis to gather scientific information that will helpdetermine the age and processes of develop-ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategyis to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, rely-ing largely on technology developed by thepetroleum industry.

Through the efforts of the principal or-ganizations and of the panel members, whowere drawn from a large cross section of lead-ing earth scientists and associates, a scientificprogram was developed.

Cores recovered from deep beneath theocean floor provide reference material for amultitude of studies in fields such as biostratig-raphy, physical stratigraphy, and Paleomag-netism that afford a new scope for investigatingthe physical and chemical aspects of sedimentprovenance, transportation, deposition, anddiagenesis. In-hole measurements, as feasible,provide petrophysical data to permit inferenceof lithology of intervals from which no coreswere recovered.

A report, describing the core materials andinformation obtained both at sea and in lab-oratories onshore, is published after the com-pletion of each cruise. These reports are acooperative effort of shipboard and shore-based scientists and are intended primarily to bea compilation of results which, it is hoped, willbe the starting point for many future new andexciting research programs. Preliminary inter-pretations of the data and observations taken atsea are also included.

Core materials and data collected on eachcruise will be made available to qualified scien-tists through the Curator of the Deep Sea Drill-

ing Project, following a Sample DistributionPolicy (p. xvii) approved by the National Sci-ence Foundation.

The advent of Glomar Challenger, with itsdeep-water drilling capability, is exceedinglytimely. It has come when geophysical investiga-tion of the oceans has matured through 20 to 30years of vigorous growth to the point where wehave some knowledge about much of the for-merly unknown oceanic areas of our planet.About one million miles of traverses have beenmade which tell us much about the global pat-tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anoma-lies, and about the composition, thickness, andstratigraphy of the sedimentary cover of thedeep sea and continental margin. The coveragewith such data has enabled the site selectionpanels to pick choice locations for drilling. Theknowledge gained from each hole can be ex-tended into the surrounding area. Detailed geo-physical surveys were made for most of theselected locations prior to drilling.

The earth sciences have recently maturedfrom an empirical status to one in which sub-stantial theories and hypotheses about majortectonic processes are flourishing. Theoriesabout the origin of magnetic fields and mag-netic reversals, about ocean floor spreading andcontinental drift, and about the thermal historyof our planet have led to specific predictionsthat could be tested best by an enlightened pro-gram of sampling of deep sea and continentalmargin sediments and underlying rocks.

In October 1975, the International Phaseof Ocean Drilling (IPOD) began. This in-ternational interest, and the true participationof both the scientists and governments of anumber of nations, are eloquent testimony tothe importance of the work being done by theDeep Sea Drilling Project.

The members of JOIDES and DSDP andthe scientists from all interested organizationsand nations who have served on the various ad-visory panels are proud to have been of serviceand believe that the information and core ma-terials that have been obtained will be of valueto students of earth sciences and to all human-ity for many years to come.

Vlll

Deep SeaDrilling Project

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FORDEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):1

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,Federal Republic of Germany

University of California at San Diego,Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Centre National pour 1'Exploitation des Oceans, Paris

Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory

University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Natural Environment Research Council, London

Oregon State University, School of Oceanography

University of Rhode Island, Graduate School ofOceanography

Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography

University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute

University of Washington, Department ofOceanography

U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences2

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

OPERATING INSTITUTION:

Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaW. A. Nierenberg, Director

Includes member organizations during time of cruise.This institution and its committees and panel members were noncontribut-ing members of JOIDES at time of cruise.

DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT

Dr. M. N. A. PetersonPrincipal InvestigatorProject Manager

Mr. Robert S. BowerAssistant Project Manager forAdministration and Contracts

Dr. Yves LancelotChief Scientist

Dr. Matthew H. SalisburyAssociate Chief Scientist forScience Operations

Mr. Paul PorterOperations Manager

Mr. William T. SoderstromFinance Administrator

Ms. Sue StrainPersonnel Officer

IX

Participants al>oardGLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg Eighty-one

Dr. David G. RobertsCo-Chief Scientist

Institute of Oceanographic SciencesWormley, Godalming, SurreyUnited Kingdom

Dr. Detmar SchnitkerCo-Chief Scientist

Department of OceanographyUniversity of MaineWalpole, Maine 04573

Dr. Jan BackmanPaleontologist (nannofossils)

Geologiska InstitutionenUniversitet Stockholm113 86 StockholmSweden

Mr. Jack G. BaldaufPaleontologist (diatoms)

Paleontology and Stratigraphy BranchU.S. Geological SurveyMenlo Park, California 94025

Dr. Alain DesprairiesSedimentologist

Laboratoire de Géochimie desRoches SédimentairesUniversité de Paris XI91405 OrsayFrance

Dr. Reiner HomrighausenSedimentologist/Physical PropertiesSpecialist

Laboratorium für ErdolgewinnungDeutsche Texaco AG3101 WietzeFederal Republic of Germany

Mr. Paul HuddlestunPaleontologist (planktonic foraminifers)

Georgia Geological SurveyAtlanta, Georgia 30334

Mr. Alfred J. KaltenbackOrganic Geochemist

Denver Research CenterMarathon Oil CompanyLittleton, Colorado 80160

Dr. John B. KeeneSedimentologist/Staff ScienceRepresentative

Deep Sea Drilling ProjectScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093

Dr. Klaus A. O. KrumsiekPaleomagnetist

Geologisches Institut, BonnD-53 Bonn 1Federal Republic of Germany

Mr. Andrew C. MortonSedimentologist

Institute of Geological SciencesLeeds LS15 8TQUnited Kingdom

Dr. John W. MurrayPaleontologist (benthic foraminifers)

Department of GeologyUniversity of ExeterExeter, DevonUnited Kingdom

Ms. Jean Westberg-SmithPaleontologist (radiolarians)

Geological Research DivisionScripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093

Dr. Herman B. ZimmermanSedimentologist

Department of Mechanical EngineeringUnion CollegeSchenectady, New York 12308

Mr. Robert R. KnappCruise Operations Manager


Mr. Robert ConnollyWeatherman


XI

Captain Loyd E. DillMaster of the Drilling Vessel

Global Marine, Inc.San Diego, California 92111

Mr. A. C. Wheeler, Jr.Drilling Superintendent

Global Marine, Inc.San Diego, California 92111

Mr. Ted GustafsonLaboratory Officer


Mr. David AllardCuratorial Representative


Mr. Ken ThompsonChemist


Mr. Bryan PloofLogging Engineer

Schlumberger (Europe)London WC2B 6XHUnited Kingdom

Mr. Robert R. CurrentElectronics Technician


Mr. Michael ReitmeyerElectronics Technician


Mr. Craig HallmanMarine Technician


Mr. James PineMarine Technician


Mr. Tom WitteMarine Technician


Mr. John ChamberlainMarine Technician


Mr. Victor SoteloPhotographer


Ms. Joanne CollinsYeoperson


Deep Sea Drilling Project Publications Staff

Publications ManagerJan H. Blakeslee

Principal EditorRosemary Amidei

EditorsMarian G. BaileySusan OrlofskyElizabeth Whalen

Assistant EditorAnn Billingsley

Production ManagerRaymond F. Silk

Production AssistantsElaine BruerMadeleine A. Mahnken

Production CoordinatorsMary A. YoungCarolina Bertling

Art-Photo SupervisorVirginia L. Roman (this volume)

IllustratorsMyrtali AnagnostopoulosVicki CypherdKathleen SandersonAlice N. Thompson (this volume)

xn

JOIDES AdvisoryGroups *

Executive CommitteeDr. James D. Baker, Jr.

University of WashingtonProf. Dr. F. Bender

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. G. Ross Heath

Oregon State UniversityDr. Charles E. Helsley

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsSir Peter Kent, F.R.S.

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. John A. Knauss

University of Rhode IslandDr. Noriyuki Nasu

University of TokyoDr. William A. Nierenberg, Chairman

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Neil D. Opdyk

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. M. N. A. Peterson (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyMonsieur Gerard Piketty

Centre National pour 1'Exploitation des OceansDr. Robert D. Reid

Texas A&M UniversityDr. A. V. Sidorenko

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. John Steele

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Warren Wisby

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencePlanning Committee

Prof. Jean AubouinUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie

Dr. Helmut BeiersdorfBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Dr. William R. BryantTexas A&M University

Dr. Joe R. CannUniversity of Newcastle

Dr. John B. CorlissOregon State University

Dr. Joe S. CreagerUniversity of Washington

Mr. John EwingWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dr. Dennis E. HayesLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Kazuo KobayashiUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Ralph MoberlyHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. T. C. Moore, Jr.University of Rhode Island

Dr. Lev NikitinU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Wolfgang SchlagerUniversity of Miami

Dr. E. L. Winterer, ChairmanScripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrologyand Physical PropertiesDr. Michael A. Arthur

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Richard Bennett

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. John W. Handin

Texas A&M UniversityDr. George deVries Klein

University of IllinoisDr. Leland Kraft

McClelland Engineers, Inc.Dr. I. N. McCave

University of East AngliaDr. Frederic Mélières

Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. O. H. Pilkey

Duke UniversityDr. Adrian Richards, Chairman

Lehigh UniversityDr. Peter Rothe

Geographisches Institut der Universitat MannheimDr. Matthew H. Salisbury (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. P. P. Timofeev

U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Membership at time of cruise.

Xlll

Advisory Panel on Organic GeochemistryDr. Earl W. Baker

Florida Atlantic UniversityDr. John B. Corliss (ex-officio)

Oregon State UniversityDr. Geoffrey Eglinton (ex-officio)

University of BristolDr. J. Gordon Erdman

Phillips Petroleum CompanyDr. Eric M. Galimov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. John M. Hunt

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Keith Kvenvolden

US. Geological SurveyDr. Philip A. Meyers

University of MichiganDr. Kenneth A. Pisciotto (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Bernd R. T. Simoneit, Chairman

University of California, Los AngelesDr. C. P. Summerhayes

Exxon Production Research CompanyDr. Bernard Tissot

Institut Français du PetroleDr. Dietrich Welte

Lehrstuhl für Geologie, Geochemie, und Lagerstattendes Erdöls und der Kohle

Advisory Panel on Information HandlingDr. D. W. Appleman, Chairman

Smithsonian InstitutionDr. John C. Hathaway

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Alfred Loeblich, Jr.

University of California, Los AngelesDr. M. S. Loughridge

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. Marthe Melguen

Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (BNDO)Dr. T. C. Moore, Jr. (ex-officio)

University of Rhode IslandMrs. Judit Nowak

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeMr. Peter Woodbury (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. V. V. Zdorovenin

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesIndustrial Liaison PanelMr. R. L. Adams

Conoco IncorporatedDr. N. P. Budnikov

Ministry of Geology of the U.S.S.R.

Mr. Melvin J. HillGulf Oil Exploration and Production Company

Dr. Ing. Guenter PetersonDeutzche Schachtbau und Tiefbohrergesellschaft mbH

Mr. W. A. Roberts, ChairmanPhillips Petroleum Company

Monsieur Gilbert RutmanSocieté Nationale des Pétroles d'Aquitaine

Mr. G. WilliamsUnited Kingdom Offshore Operators Association Ltd.

Advisory Panel on Ocean CrustDr. Roger N. Anderson

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Henri Bougault

Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (CNEXO)Dr. John B. Corliss (ex-officio)

Oregon State UniversityDr. Rolf Emmermann

Universitat KarlsruheDr. Paul J. Fox, Chairman

University of Rhode IslandDr. Jose Honnorez

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesDr. H. P. Johnson

University of WashingtonDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. James H. Natland (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Minoru Ozima

University of TokyoDr. Hans Schouten

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Ralph Stephen

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. John Tarney

University of BirminghamDr. Andrei A. Tsvetkov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesAdvisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Active)Dr. Peter F. Barker

University of BirminghamDr. Jean-Paul Cadet

Université d'OrleansDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)

University of WashingtonDr. Y. I. Dmitriev

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Dennis E. Hayes (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. D. M. Hussong

Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

xiv

Dr. Daniel KarigCornell University

Dr. Kazuaki NakamuraUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. Thomas Shipley (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Roland von Huene, ChairmanU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. H. W. WaltherBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Advisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Passive)Dr. Mikael E. Artemiev

U.S.S.R. Academy of ScienciesDr. Arnold H. Bouma

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityMr. John A. Grow

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Karl Hinz

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Hideo Kagami

University of TokyoDr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Lucien Montadert

Institut Français du PétroleDr. D. G. Roberts

Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, SurreyDr. Robert E. Sheridan, Chairman

University of DelawareDr. Sigmund Snelson

Shell Development CompanyDr. Jdrn Thiede

Universiteit i OsloDr. Brian E. Tucholke

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. P. R. Vail

Exxon Production Research CompanyDr. Jan E. van Hinte

Vrije UniversiteitDr. E. L. Winterer (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyAdvisory Panel on Pollution Prevention and SafetyDr. N. I. Beliy

Ministry of Gas Industry, U.S.S.R.Dr. George Claypool

U.S. Geological SurveyMr. Brian E. Davies

Sohio Petroleum CompanyDr. R. G. Douglas (ex-officio)

University of Southern California

Dr. Paul J. Fox (ex-officio)University of Rhode Island

Dr. Louis E. Garrison, ChairmanU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. Arthur E. GreenExxon Production Research Company

Prof. A. J. HornAtherton, California

Dr. Ernst HotzDeminex, Essen, Federal Republic of Germany

Mr. Jean LaherrèreCompagnie Français des Pétroles

Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. David B. MacKenzieMarathon Oil Company

Dr. G. D. TaylorBritish Petroleum Company, Ltd.

Dr. Robert E. Sheridan (ex-officio)University of Delaware

Dr. Roland von Huene (ex-officio)U.S. Geological Survey

Dr. E. L. Winterer (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Inorganic GeochemistryDr. Joe R. Cann (ex-officio)

Uniersity of NewcastleDr. Henry Elderfield

University of LeedsDr. Joris M. Gieskes, Chairman

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Margaret Leinen

University of Rhode IslandDr. Kenneth A. Pisciotto (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. I. D. Ryabchikov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Samuel M. Savin

Case Western Reserve UniversityDr. Fred L. Sayles

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Yves Tardy

Laboratoire de Pédologie et Géochemie, ToulouseDr. Karl-Heinz Wedepohl

Geochemisches Institut der Universitat, GottingenStratigraphic Correlations PanelDr. Charles Adelseck (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. V. A. Basov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Lloyd H. Burckle

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatoryxv

Dr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)University of Washington

Dr. D. Graham JenkinsOpen University, Buckinghamshire

Dr. Erlend MartiniUniversitat Frankfurt

Dr. Catherine NigriniLa Habra Heights, California

Dr. Richard Z. Poore, ChairmanU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. J. B. SaundersNaturhistorisches Museum, Basel

Downhole Measurements PanelDr. Heinz Beckmann

Technische Universitat ClaustahlMr. R. E. Boyce (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Nikolas I. Christensen

University of WashingtonDr. Timothy J. G. Francis

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. Roy Hyndman, Chairman

Pacific Geoscience Centre, Sidney, BCMr. A. H. Jageler

Amoco Production Research CompanyDr. Hajimu Kinoshita

Chiba UniversityDr. Mark A. Mathews

Los Alamos Scientific LaboratoryDr. Yuri Neprochnov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Lev Nikitin (ex-officio)

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Vince Renard

Centre National pour VExploitation des OceansDr. Adrian Richards (ex-officio)

Lehigh UniversityAdvisory Panel on Ocean PaleoenvironmentDr. Charles Adelseck, Jr. (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Hervé Chamley

Université des Sciences et Techniques de LilleDr. Robert G. Douglas, Chairman

University of Southern CaliforniaDr. Geoffrey Eglinton (ex-officio)

University of Bristol

Dr. Dieter FüttererUniversitat Kiel

Dr. Robert E. GarrisonUniversity of California, Santa Cruz

Dr. James D. HaysLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Hugh C. JenkynsUniversity of Oxford

Dr. James P. KennettUniversity of Rhode Island

Dr. T. C. Moore, Jr. (ex-officio)University of Rhode Island

Dr. S. O. SchlangerUniversity of Hawaii

Dr. Y. TakayanagiTohoku University

Dr. Fritz TheyerUniversity of Hawaii

Dr. P. P. TimofeevU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Advisory Panel on Site SurveyingDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RofstoffeDr. LeRoy M. Dorman

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Robert G. Douglas (ex-officio)

University of Southern CaliforniaDr. Paul J. Fox (ex-officio)

University of Rhode IslandDr. Dennis E. Hayes (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. E. J. W. Jones, Chairman

University of LondonDr. Shozaburo Nagumo

University of TokyoDr. Philip D. Rabinowitz (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Wolfgang Schlager (ex-officio)

University of MiamiDr. Roland Schlich

Institut Physique du GlobeDr. A. A. Schreider

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Robert E. Sheridan (ex-officio)

University of DelawareDr. Thomas Shipley (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Roland von Huene (ex-officio)

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Wilfried Weigel

Universitat Hamburg

XVI

SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY

Distribution of Ocean Drilling Program and of DeepSea Drilling Project samples is undertaken in order to(1) provide support to shipboard scientists in achievingthe scientific objectives of their cruise, and supportshorebased investigators who are preparing contribu-tions to DSDP and ODP reports; (2) provide individ-ual investigators with materials to conduct detailedstudies beyond the scope of ODP reports; (3) providepaleontological reference centers with samples forreference and comparison purposes; and (4) provideeducators with samples for teaching purposes.

Funding for sample-related activities must be securedby the investigator independently of requesting thesamples.

The Ocean Drilling Program Curator is responsiblefor distributing samples and for preserving and con-serving core material. The Curator, who may acceptadvice from chairmen of the appropriate JOIDESadvisory panels, is responsible for enforcing the pro-visions of this sample distribution policy. He is re-sponsible for maintaining a record of all samples thathave been distributed, both onboard ship and subse-quently from the repositories, indicating the recipi-ents and the nature of investigations proposed. Thisinformation is available to interested investigators onrequest.

Every sample distributed from the ship or from a re-pository is labeled with a standard identifier, whichincludes leg number, hole number, core and sectionnumbers, and interval within the section from whichthe sample was removed. It is imperative that thisstandard identifier be associated with all data report-ed in the literature, and that residues of the sampleremain labeled throughout their lives, so that laterworkers can relate the data to the cores.Distribution of sample materials is made directly fromthe repositories (Lamont-Doherty Geological Observ-atory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, or TexasA&M University) by the Curator or his designatedrepresentative.

1. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toContributions to ODP Reports

Any investigator who wishes to contribute to the re-ports of a scheduled cruise may write to the Curator,Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A., in order torequest samples from that cruise. Requests for a spe-cific cruise must be received by the Curator at least

TWO MONTHS in advance of the departure of thatcruise, in order to allow time for the review of the re-quest in conjunction with other requests, so that asuitable shipboard sampling program can be assem-bled. The request should include a statement of thenature of the proposed research, size and approxi-mate number of samples required to complete thestudy, and any particular sampling technique or equip-ment which may be required. Requests will be re-viewed by the staff representative and co-chief scien-tists of the cruise and by the Curator. Approval/dis-approval will be based upon the scientific require-ments of the cruise as determined by the appropriateJOIDES advisory panel(s). The scope of a requestmust be such that samples can be processed, thatproposed research can be completed, and that the pa-per can be written in time for submission to the rele-vant ODP cruise report.

Except for rare, specific instances involving ephem-eral properties, the total volume of samples removedduring a cruise-related sampling program will not ex-ceed one-quarter of the volume of core recovered, andno interval will be depleted. One-half of all recoveredmaterials will be retained in the archives in as pristinea condition as is practicable. Investigators requestingshipboard samples of igneous materials may receive amaximum of 100 igneous samples per cruise.

Because many sample requests are received for ship-board work and because the time of the shipboardparty is at a premium, co-chief scientists are stronglyurged to limit shipboard sampling to the minimumnecessary to accomplish the cruise objectives. Shore-based investigators whose requests for cruise-relatedsamples are approved should expect that they will re-ceive the samples after the cores are returned to therepository, and should schedule research activities ac-cordingly.

Co-chief scientists may invite investigators who arenot cruise participants to perform special studies ofselected core samples in direct support of shipboardactivities. If this occurs, the names and addresses ofthese investigators and details of all samples loanedor distributed to them must be forwarded to the Cu-rator, via the ODP Staff Representative to that cruise,immediately after the cruise. These investigators areexpected to contribute to the cruise reports as thoughthey had been cruise participants. All requirementsof the Sample Distribution Policy apply.

Any publication of results other than in ODP re-ports within twelve (12) months of completion of the

xvu

cruise must be approved and authored by the wholeshipboard party and, where appropriate, shorebasedinvestigators. After twelve months, individual inves-tigators may submit related papers for open publica-tion provided they have already submitted their con-tributions to ODP reports. Investigations which arenot completed in time for inclusion in ODP reportsfor a specific cruise may be published in a later edi-tion of ODP reports; however, they may not appearin another journal until the ODP report for whichthey were intended has been published.

2. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toPublication Outside of the DSDP and ODP Reports

A. Researchers who wish to use samples for stud-ies beyond the scope of the DSDP or ODP re-ports should obtain sample request forms fromthe Curator, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Requestors are required to spe-cify the quantities and intervals of core re-quired, to make a clear statement of the natureof the proposed research, to state the timewhich will be required to complete the workand to submit results for publication, and tospecify funding status and the availability ofequipment and space for the research.

Additionally, if the requestor has received sam-ples from ODP or from DSDP previously, he/she will be required to account for the dispo-sition of those samples by citing publishedworks, six (6) copies of which must be sent tothe Curator. If no report has been published,this requirement can be fulfilled by sending abrief (two or three page) report of the statusof the research. Unused and residual samplesshould be returned and data should be sent tothe Curator if the project has terminated. Pa-leontological materials may be returned eitherto the Curator at ODP or to one of the desig-nated paleontological reference centers. If ma-terial is returned to a reference center, notifythe Curator when it is sent.

Requests for samples from researchers in in-dustrial laboratories will be honored in thesame manner as those from academic organi-zations. Industrial investigators have the sameobligations as other investigators to publish allresults promptly in the open literature and toprovide the Curator with copies of all reportspublished and of all data acquired in their re-search.

In order to ensure that all requests for highlydesirable but limited samples can be consid-

ered together, approval of requests and distri-bution of samples will be delayed until twelve(12) months after completion of the cruise ortwo (2) months after official publication of thecore descriptions, whichever occurs earlier. Theonly exceptions to this policy will be made forspecific requests involving ephemeral proper-ties. Requests for samples may be based oncore descriptions published in ODP reportsproduced by the shipboard party, copies ofwhich are on file at various institutionsthroughout the world. Copies of original corelogs and data are kept on open file at ODP,and at the repositories at Lamont-Doherty Ge-ological Observatory and at Scripps Institu-tion of Oceanography.

B. Most investigations can be accomplished hand-ily with sample volumes of 10 ml or less. In-vestigators must provide explicit justificationof requests for larger sample sizes or for fre-quent intervals within a core. Requests whichexceed reasonable size or frequency limits willrequire explicit justifications and more time toprocess, and are unlikely to be granted in theirentirety.Requests for samples from thin layers, fromstratigraphically important boundaries, fromsections which are badly depleted or in unusu-ally high demand may be delayed in order tocoordinate requests from several investigatorsor while the Curator seeks advice from thecommunity. Investigators who submit such re-quests may expect to receive suggestions foralternative sampling programs or that theyjoin a research consortium which will sharethe samples. In any event, such exceptional re-quests will require more time for processingthan will more routine requests.

Investigators who wish to study ephemeralproperties may request a waiver of the waitingperiod; however, such requests will be referredautomatically to the relevant co-chiefs. If ap-proved, the investigator will join the shore-based contributors to the shipboard scienceeffort, and will incur the obligations thereof(see section 1).

C. Samples will not be provided until the reques-tor assures the Curator that funding for theproposed research is available or unnecessary.If a sample request is dependent in any wayupon proposed funding, the Curator is pre-pared to provide the proposed funding organi-zation with information on the availability (orpotential availability) of suitable samples.

xvin

D. Investigators who receive samples incur the fol-lowing obligations:(1) To publish significant results promptly;however, no contribution may be submitted forpublication prior to twelve (12) months fol-lowing the termination of the relevant leg un-less it is approved and authored by the entireshipboard party.(2) To acknowledge in all publications that thesamples were supplied through the assistanceof the international Ocean Drilling Programand others as appropriate.(3) To submit six (6) copies of reprints of allpublished works to the Curator, Ocean Drill-ing Program, Texas A&M University, CollegeStation, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. These re-prints will be distributed to the repositories, tothe ship, to the National Science Foundation,and to the Curator's reprint file.

(4) To submit all final analytical data obtainedfrom the samples to Data Base Manager, OceanDrilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Pleaseconsult recent issues of the JOIDES Journalor call (409-845-2673) for information on ac-ceptable data formats. Investigators should beaware that they may have other data obliga-tions under NSF's Ocean Science Data Policyor under relevant policies of other fundingagencies which require submission of data tonational data centers.

(5) To return all unused or residual samples, ingood condition and with a detailed explana-tion of any processing they may have experi-enced, upon termination of the proposed re-search. In particular, all thin sections andsmear slides manufactured onboard the vesselor in the repositories are to be returned to theCurator. Paleontological materials may be re-turned either to the Curator at ODP or to oneof the designated paleontological reference cen-ters.

Failure to honor these obligations will preju-dice future applications for samples.

E. Cores are available for examination by inter-ested parties at the repositories. Investigatorsare welcome to visit the repositories in order toinspect cores and to specify sample locationswhen that is required for their research; how-ever, time and space in the workrooms are lim-ited, so advance appointments are required.Occasionally, the space may be fully bookedseveral weeks in advance, so investigators areurged to call for appointments well ahead in

order to avoid disappointment. Only the Cu-rator or his delegate may actually remove sam-ples from the cores.

F. A reference library of thin sections, smearslides, and archive photographs is maintainedin the repositories for the use of visting inves-tigators. All thin sections and smear slides pro-duced onboard the ship or in the repositoriesbelong to this library.

3. Distribution of Samples to Paleontological Refer-ence Centers

As a separate and special category of repository ac-tivity, selected samples are being distributed to pale-ontological reference centers, where the prepared ma-terial may be studied by visitors. As of this writing(mid-1984), Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofos-sils can be viewed; Radiolaria and Diatoms will beprepared in the future. The present centers are ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, California (W. R. Rie-del, tel. 619-452-4386); Basel Natural History Muse-um, Switzerland (J. B. Saunders, tel. 061-25.82.82);and New Zealand Geological Survey, Lower Hutt,New Zealand (A. R. Edwards, tel. 699.059). Futurecenters are likely to include Texas A&M University,College Station, Texas (S. Gartner, tel. 409-845-8479);Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NewYork; and an as yet undesignated center in Japan.

Further details concerning the paleontological refer-ence centers are reported periodically in the JOIDESJournal.

4. Distribution of Samples for Educational PurposesSamples may be available in limited quantities to col-lege-level educators for teaching purposes. Interestededucators should request application forms from theCurator, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M Uni-versity, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Re-questors are required to specify preferred sample sizeand location, to make a very clear statement of thenature of the coursework in which the samples will beused, to explain how the core samples will be pre-pared and how they will be used in the classroom, toexplain in detail why they cannot use similar materi-als derived from outcrops or dredge hauls (it is NOTacceptable to argue that it requires less effort for therequestor to obtain samples from ODP than to as-semble them from other sources), and to certify thatfunds are available to prepare the materials for class-room use. In general, only samples of materials whichare abundant in the collection and which are in littledemand for research purposes should be requestedfor educational purposes. The Curator will not ap-

xix

prove requests for materials which are limited in sup-ply or for which demand (real or potential) is great,including most paleontological materials.

5. Distribution of DataThe Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean DrillingProgram routinely capture much of the data gener-ated onboard ship and published in Program reports.Additionally, data supplied by investigators who havereceived samples are incorporated into the data bases,so data sets which are larger than can be publishedare available to investigators. Magnetics, downholelogging, seismic reflection, bathymetric data, and oth-er data collected by the drilling vessel become avail-able for distribution to investigators at the same timeas core samples.

At least through mid-1986, DSDP data will continueto be distributed by the Data Base Manager, DeepSea Drilling Project, A-031, University of California,San Diego, California 92093, U.S.A. A charge willbe made to recover expenses in excess of $50.00 in-curred in filling individual requests. If required, esti-mates of charges can be furnished before the work isperformed. As DSDP phases down, DSDP data willbe available primarily from the National GeophysicalData Center, Boulder, Colorado.

Requests for ODP data should be addressed to theData Base Manager, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469,U.S.A. Many varieties of DSDP data will be includedin ODP data bases. Information on sources of DSDPdata will be available from the ODP Data Base Man-ager.

XX

CONTENTS

Chapter Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1

PART I: INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION AND EXPLANATORYNOTES, LEG 81, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT 5D. G. Roberts, J. Backman, A. C. Morton,and J. B. Keene

PART II: SITE REPORTS

2. SITES 552-553 31Shipboard Scientific Party

3. SITE 554 235Shipboard Scientific Party

4. SITE 555 277Shipboard Scientific Party

PART III: PALEONTOLOGICAL STUDIES

5. CENOZOIC CALCAREOUS NANNOFOS-SIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY FROM THENORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN-DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 81 .. 403J. Backman

6. PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL BIO-STRATIGRAPHY, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 81 429P. F. Huddlestun

7. CENOZOIC DIATOM BIOSTRATIGRA-PHY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OFTHE ROCKALL PLATEAU REGION,NORTH ATLANTIC, DEEP SEA DRILL-ING PROJECT LEG 81 439J. G. Baldauf

8. RADIOLARIANS FROM THE WESTERNMARGIN OF THE ROCKALL PLATEAU:DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 81 .. 479M. J. Westberg-Smith and W. R. Riedel

9. PALEOGENE AND NEOGENE BENTHICFORAMINIFERS FROM ROCKALLPLATEAU 503J. W. Murray, with a contribution byJ. F. Weston

Chapter

10. BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC VALUE OF BOLBO-FORMA, LEG 81, ROCKALL PLATEAU...J. W. Murray

11. QUATERNARY DINOFLAGELLATECYSTS FROM HOLE 552A, ROCKALLPLATEAU, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJ-ECT LEG 81R. Harland

12. CENOZOIC SILICOFLAGELLATES FROMROCKALL PLATEAU, DEEP SEA DRILL-ING PROJECT LEG 81D. Bukry

13. DINOFLAGELLATE CYST BIOSTRATIG-RAPHY OF LATE PALEOCENE ANDEARLY EOCENE SEDIMENTS FROMHOLES 552, 553A, AND 555, LEG 81,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT (ROCK-ALL PLATEAU)S. Brown and C. Downie

14. MIOCENE DINOCYSTS FROM DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 81, ROCKALLPLATEAU, EASTERN NORTH ATLANTICOCEANL. E. Edwards

15. STABLE ISOTOPIC RESULTS ON UPPERMIOCENE AND LOWER PLIOCENE FOR-AMINIFERS FROM HOLE 552AL. D. Keigwin, Jr.

Page

535

541

547

565

581

595

16. OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE STRA-TIGRAPHY OF DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT HOLE 552A: PLIO-PLEISTO-CENE GLACIAL HISTORYN. J. Shackleton and M. A. Hall

17. HIGH RESOLUTION RECORDS OF BEN-THIC FORAMINIFERS IN THE LATENEOGENE OF THE NORTHEASTERNATLANTICD. Schnitker

18. PETROGRAPHY OF DEGRADED PLANTFRAGMENTS FROM PALEOCENE-EO-CENE SEDIMENTS OF DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 81, SITE 555,ROCKALL PLATEAUJ. Lund and W. Riegel

599

611

623

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Chapter

PART IV: SEDIMENTOLOGICAL STUDIES

19. PALEOGENE PYROCLASTIC VOLCAN-ISM IN THE SOUTHWEST ROCKALLPLATEAUA. C. Morton and J. B. Keene

Page

20.

21,

22.

GENESIS AND SIGNIFICANCE OFGLAUCONITIC SEDIMENTS OF THESOUTHWEST ROCKALL PLATEAU ..A. C. Morton, R. J. Merriman, andJ. G. Mitchell

633

645

HEAVY MINERALS FROM PALEOGENESEDIMENTS, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 81: THEIR BEARING ONSTRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENT PROVE-NANCE, AND THE EVOLUTION OF THENORTH ATLANTIC 653A. C. Morton

COARSE FRACTION OF PLIO-PLEISTO-CENE SEDIMENTS FROM DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT HOLE 552A,NORTHEAST ATLANTICA. C. Morton

23. X-RAY MINERALOGY STUDY OF TER-TIARY DEPOSITS, LEG 81, SITES 552-555C. Latouche and N. Maillet

24. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY AND CLAY MIN-ERALOGY OF THE WESTERN MARGINOF THE ROCKALL PLATEAU AND THEHATTON SEDIMENT DRIFTH. B. Zimmerman

25. HATTON DRIFT CONTOURITES,NORTHEAST ATLANTIC, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 81D. A. V. Stow and J. A. Holbrook

26. FOSSIL POLYMETALLIC CONCRETIONSFROM DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTLEG 81: MINERALOGICAL, GEOCHEMI-CAL, AND STATISTICAL STUDIESC. Jehanno, E. Lallier-Verges, C.Bonnot-Courtois, A. Desprairies, J. Bijon,and M. Riviere

27. FISSION TRACK DATING OF APATITEAND SPHENE FROM PALEOGENE SEDI-MENTS OF DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJ-ECT LEG 81, SITE 555I. R. Duddy, A. J. W. Gleadow, andJ. B. Keene

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Chapter Page

PART V: PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY

28. MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OFALTERATION PRODUCTS IN LEG 81BASALTS 733A. Desprairies, C. Bonnot-Courtois,C. Jehanno, S. Vernhet, and J. L. Joron

29. PETROLOGY, MINERALOGY, ANDCHEMISTRY OF BASALTIC ROCKS:LEG 81 743R. K. Harrison and R. J. Merriman, withcontributions by J. Evans, D. Hutchison,A. E. Davis, K. A. Holmes, P. Joseph,V. A. Judge, and C. W. Wheatley

30. ISOTOPIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF LAVASFROM SITES 553 AND 555 775R. M. Macintyre and P. J. Hamilton

31. STRONGLY DEPLETED THOLEIITESFROM THE ROCKALL PLATEAU MAR-GIN, NORTH ATLANTIC: GEOCHEMIS-TRY AND MINERALOGY 783J. L. Joron, H. Bougault, R. C. Maury, M.Bohn, and A. Desprairies

32. TRACE AND MAJOR ELEMENT GEO-CHEMISTRY OF BASALTS FROM LEG 81.. 795C. Richardson, P. J. Oakley, and J. R. Cann

683

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701

33. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC MATTER FROMLEG 81 (ROCKALL PLATEAU) 807A. J. Kaltenback, G. K. Guennel,W. B. Lyons, A. Moore, and J. W. Patton

PART VI: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES STUDIES

34. INTERSTITIAL WATER STUDIES, LEG 81 829J. M. Gieskes and K. Johnston

35. PALEOMAGNETICS OF TERTIARY SEDI-MENTS FROM THE SOUTHWEST ROCK-ALL PLATEAU, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 81K. Krumsiek and D. G. Roberts

837

725

PART VII: CRUISE SYNTHESIS STUDIES

36. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF LEG 81 SEDI-MENTS—A HIGH LATITUDE RECORDJ. Backman, M. J. Westberg-Smith, J. G.Baldauf, S. Brown, D. Bukry, L. Edwards,R. Harland, and P. Huddlestun

. 855

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Chapter Page Chapter Page

37. HISTORY OF PLIO-PLEISTOCENE CLI-MATE IN THE NORTHEASTERN ATLAN-TIC, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTHOLE 552A 861H. B. Zimmerman, N. J. Shackleton,J. Backman, D. V. Kent, J. G. Baldauf,A. J. Kaltenback, and A. C. Morton

38. GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE LOWEREOCENE AND UPPER PALEOCENE SE-QUENCES OF LEG 81 877J. Backman, A. C. Morton, D. G. Roberts,S. Brown, K. Krumsiek, andR. M. Macintyre

39. EVOLUTION OF VOLCANIC RIFTEDMARGINS: SYNTHESIS OF LEG 81RESULTS ON THE WEST MARGIN OFROCKALL PLATEAU 883D. G. Roberts, J. Backman, A. C. Morton,J. W. Murray, and J. B. Keene

40. LATE PALEOCENE-EOCENE VOLCANICEVENTS IN THE NORTHERN NORTHATLANTIC OCEAN 913D. G. Roberts, A. C. Morton, andJ. Backman

BACKPOCKET FOLDOUTS

CHAPTER 2: FIGURE 37. PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSUMMARY CHART WITH GAMMA-RAY LOG, HOLE553A.

CHAPTER 4: FIGURE 15. PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSUMMARY CHART WITH GAMMA RAY LOG, SITE555.

SUPERLOGS FOR SITES 552, 553, 554, AND 555.

xxii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

"You behold a range of exhausted volcanoes" Disraeli, 1873

Leg 81 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project was the third leg of IPODPhase II dedicated to drilling passive margins in the northeast Atlan-tic. The leg arose from the results of the earlier Leg 48 and representedthe first systematic attempt to understand the problems of the so-called dipping reflector type of margin by a drilling transect.

The ultimate success of the leg, which suffered many trials and trib-ulations, owes much to the freely given and sustained contributions ofmany persons before, during, and after the leg. Special thanks aregiven to Jan Backman who coordinated shipboard and shoreside bio-stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental studies.

Formulation of the objectives of passive margin drilling in generaland in the northeast Atlantic owes much to the vigorous discussion ofIPOD-I results and to the increasing availability of multichannel seis-mic data. The stimulus and fruitful contribution made by all membersof the JOIDES Ocean Passive Margin Panel was seminal in definingLeg 81 objectives and priorities. Special thanks are owed Robert Sheri-dan, Arnold Bouma, Karl Hinz, Hideo Kagami, Charlotte Keene, Lu-cien Montadert, Bill Ryan, Sig Snelson, Jérn Thiede, Brian Tucholke,Pete Vail, Jan van Hinte, Bill Bryant, Jerry Winterer, and Yves Lance-lot.

The success of Leg 81 resulted in large part from thorough multi-channel seismic surveys made before the cruise and the subsequent re-appraisal of the earlier Leg 48 results in light of these data. These sur-veys helped us to prioritize problems, areas, and scientific objectivesas a whole. The U.K. Department of Energy is thanked for its finan-cial support of precruise surveys and for agreeing to reproduce theseismic profiles in this Initial Report.

At sea, Captain L. Dill and his crew responded splendidly to thecontinual bad weather and kindly allowed completion of the loggingprogram at Site 555 despite atrocious conditions. The drilling crew areespecially thanked for reaming Site 555 after nearly losing the hole inthe bad weather. Bob Knapp, as always, was unstinting in his help un-til domestic tragedy forced a return to Ireland so that he could returnhome. Mike Storms ably took over and cooly coped with a successionof operational problems. The marine technicians, under the able guid-ance of Gus Gustafson, did a fine job, as did our yeoman, who—aid-ed by the new word processor—handled our demands with consum-mate ease. The logging program was carried out with great success byBryan Ploof of Schlumberger (Europe).

In preparing this volume, thanks are due to Russ Merrill, RosemaryAmidei, Mary Bethowen, Nancy Graham, Joanne Collins, and CarolBertling for their help and patience in assembling the volume duringthe DSDP phasedown; a special note of thanks is extended to theDSDP artists.

By no means least, there is an important debt to our colleagueswhose shoreside studies, support, and discussion have contributedmuch to the leg and volume. D. G. Roberts wishes to acknowledgeNERC/IOS and the Department of Energy for initially supporting hisparticipation in Leg 81 and BP Petroleum Development for allowinghis continued involvement and reprocessing some of the seismic data.D. G. Roberts also wishes to thank the UK IPOD Co-ordinating Com-mittee of the Natural Environment Research Council (Sir P. E. KentFRS, A. S. Laughton, FRS, J. C. Bowman) for their help and support.