DED Cambodia

ded | cambodia

Close to the people – Cooperation among partners

2

Wolfgang Möllers Country Director Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst (DED)

EditorialClose to the people, cooperation among partners – these are the principles of Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst (DED, German Development Service) in Cambodia.

We send professionals: rural develop-ment, the improvement of health ser-vices and good governance are at the centre of our attention.

Our trademark is knowledge transfer through professionals who cooperate at the provincial or local level with their Cambodian partner organizations. Further advantages: DED employees are not only based in the capital, but also in various provinces throughout the country. This network of expertise, pro-fessionalism and competence is what makes our operation special.

What part do we play as part of the German development cooperation with the Kingdom of Cambodia? In this brochure you will find examples of our work for the sustainable development of the country. For more detailed infor-mation please visit our website http://cambodia.ded.de.

Thank you very much.

3

Contents

Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst in Cambodia

Locations .......................................4

Close to the people .......................5

German Development Cooperation with Cambodia ........8

Sectors and Projects

Rural Development .....................10

Health .........................................18

Good Governance .......................22

Civil Peace Service ......................28

Weltwärts volunteers ..........34

Partners ....................................36

Locations

13

1212

6

4


Number of DED Experts

Rural Development

Health

Good Governance

Civil Peace Service

Topics of DED Cambodia

5

Close to the peopleClose to the people, cooperation among partners – these have been the principles of Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst (DED) since 2000, the start of its operations in Cambodia.

DED responds to requests from the Cambodian government and other organizations. Ap-proximately 40 development experts from Germany and other European countries are working in Cambodian projects providing advice to DED’s partners.

Transfer of knowledge by personnel

DED is one of the leading European develop-ment services for personnel cooperation. It was founded in 1963. Since then, more than 16,000 development experts have committed themselves to improving the living conditions of people in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Almost 2,000 development experts and local staff are currently working in 47 countries.

Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst

• Places experienced and committed specialists in developing countries;

• Supports local organizations by counsel-ling, financing small programmes and promoting local specialists.

DED’s field of expertise is the transfer of knowledge by personnel – professionals who work closely with their partners. They cooperate with their Cambodian counterparts in the capital Phnom Penh as well as in the provinces Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kam-pong Chhnang, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Siem Reap and Takeo. This network of exper-tise, professionalism and competence is what DED offers.

With 40 development experts DED’s country programme in the Kingdom of Cambodia is one of the biggest of all DED programmes worldwide.

6


Priority areas

DED’s activities are part of the overall German development cooperation with Cambodia.

At the centre of attention are:

• Rural development• Health

A cross-cutting task for cooperation is “Democracy, civil society, public adminis-tration and good governance”.

Sectors

DED’s activities in Cambodia focus on rural development, the health sector and good governance. The major target group is the population in rural areas.

Rural development

The DED programme on rural development concentrates on the promotion of economic productivity in rural areas. Another key area is the support of stone conservation in Angkor, world cultural heritage site in Cambodia.

7

Pressing land issuesThe pressing land issues in Cam-bodia which threaten political stability and the process of democratization are very much of DED’s concern.

Rapidly increasing popula-tion and economic expansion, ongoing land speculation and a concessionary system which leaves out large parts of the rural population are some of the main reasons for migration to the cities.

This results in further destruc-tion of natural resources and uncontrolled growth in urban areas. The planning administra-tions of Phnom Penh and most of the provincial towns are facing major tasks concerning the provision of urban infra-structure and new building areas.

As the large majority of people earn their livelihood in the agricultural sector, access to land is of profound importance. The legal position in this area is very ambiguous. Land conflict in Cambodia is an everyday issue.

Health

DED’s focus on health includes training and supervision of paramedic personnel, training nurses and midwives as well as improving care services.

Good governance

DED supports the urban and regional plan-ning processes on all administrative levels and contributes to reforms in decentralization and public administration on the local level.

Civil Peace Service

Ziviler Friedensdienst (ZFD, Civil Peace Service) is a special programme within the German development cooperation for the settlement of conflicts and peace building. The programme in Cambodia supports activities related to the ongoing Khmer Rouge tribunal.

8


German development cooperation combines bilateral and multilateral efforts. It operates in many countries throughout the world in accordance with the “Millennium Development Goals” of the United Nations and the specific “Poverty Reduction Strategies” of the individual partner countries. Germany is a key supporter of the Paris Declara-tion which aims at the harmonization and alignment of international support. Germany concentrates on a number of specific countries worldwide. Among them is the Kingdom of Cambodia.

In Cambodia, the offices of the German Technical Cooperation (Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit, GTZ), the KfW development bank (KfW) and the German Development Service

(Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst, DED) are located under one roof. This setup in the “German House for Develop-ment Cooperation” allows an excellent exchange of information, good coordi-nation and improvement of the overall efficiency of Germany’s development aid to Cambodia. In addition, there is a close cooperation with the German Embassy.

German development cooperation in Cambodia rests on two pillars: it is either initiated and organized by the German government, or devised and implemented by non-governmental organizations. Official development assistance embraces all technical and financial cooperation projects which are agreed on in contracts entered into with the government of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

German Development Cooperation with Cambodia

Country directors Heinrich-Jürgen Schilling (GTZ), Wolfgang Möllers (DED) and Volker Karl (KfW), l to r

9

The Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) commissions the implementing orga-nizations to realize the projects, which are entirely funded from the German national budget.

To date some 250 million Euro have been provided for programmes in Cambodia. For the years 2007-2008, the German Government has committed a total of 34 million Euros in grants for technical and financial cooperation in Cambodia.

Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst (DED, German Development Service) is a specialist in preparing and seconding development experts.

Technical cooperation with partner countries is the responsibility of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ, German Tech-nical Cooperation).

The KfW development bank is respon-sible for financial cooperation.

For further information please visit http://www.gdc-cambodia.org

10

Sector | Rural Development

Cambodia is one of the poorest coun-tries in the world. An estimated 35 per-cent of the population lives below the poverty line of 1 US-Dollar per day.

Agriculture is an important economic sector in development and the relief of poverty in Cambodia. Around 84 percent of the population work and live in the rural agriculture sector, which is still mainly characterized by subsistence farming and some plantations. The existing agricultural system is slowly but steadily moving from subsistence farm-ing towards a market-oriented economy. Legal uncertainty and a lack of trans-parency in land titles lead to conflicts that hinder agricultural productivity.

The private sector contributes only a quarter to the gross domestic product. Strong economies in Thailand and Vietnam, expensive production costs, difficult registration procedures and high credit costs are the major shortcomings for development. DED supports small and medium entrepreneurs, business as-sociations and chambers on local levels.

The DED programme on Rural Develop-ment concentrates on two key areas: Promotion of economic productivity in rural areas and stone conservation in Angkor, world heritage site in Cambodia.

Improving life in rural areas

11

Activities of DED

Agriculture

• Value chain development

• Market-oriented, sustainable agriculture production

• Certification and marketing of agriculture products

• Diversification of products

• Training and further education of local experts

Private Sector Promotion

• Support for small and medium entrepreneurs

• Support for business associations

• Marketing of value added or new products

• Market information system

Stone Conservation in Angkor

• Establishment of a Stone Conservation Unit within APSARA, a Cambodian organization.

Vegetables for sale on the new market in Siem Reap

12

Projects | Rural Development

Political reforms and economic develop-ment in Cambodia are steadily advancing but the reduction of people living below the poverty line is still too slow. The province of Siem Reap in the north of Cambodia is one of the poorest in the country. Even though there are more and more tourists coming to visit the temples of Angkor, the poor in rural areas gain little from the potential benefits from tourism.

German Development Cooperation with Cambodia in collaboration with local organizations are reducing poverty in the province with a regional economic de-velopment programme. DED’s contribu-tion to this project helps to increase the revenue and the market share of fruits, vegetables and handicraft products made in Cambodia at the markets of Siem Reap.

Increasing market share to reduce poverty

13

Traditional weaving of silk cloth

Silk farming

Growing of vegetables in Siem Reap province

14


In collaboration with the Cambodian organization CEDAC, a NGO in the area of rural development, DED sup-ports farmers in the production of high quality rice. Applying a method called “Systematical Rice Intensification” (SRI) farmers are increasingly producing their rice without agrochemicals.

The project is focused on improving quality and the support of farmers and their associations in marketing and certi-fication of rice. CEDAC is concentrating on the Cambodian market. The organi-

zation is also planning to help farmers to export their certified rice to Europe.

CEDAC envisions a Cambodian society where small farming households enjoy good living conditions and mutual cooperation. To achieve this vision, CEDAC is committed to work for the improve-ment of lives of small farmers and other rural poor by enabling them to increase food production and income while en-suring environmental sustainability and maintaining strong social cooperation.

Organic rice from Cambodia

15

CEDAC’s organic food outlet in Phnom Penh

Farmer harvesting rice for transplant

Organic rice

Conservation of a 1000 year old elephant statue at the East Mebon Temple in Angkor

16


About 23 international teams from 15 countries are working on the con-servation of Cambodia’s unique world heritage site, Angkor. Since 2007 DED has been supporting the Cambodian authority APSARA (Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap) to set up a stone conservation unit.

The project is conducted in cooperation with the German APSARA Conserva-tion Project under the direction of

the University of Applied Sciences of Cologne, financially supported by the German Federal Foreign Office.

Activites so far concentrated on conser-vation of elephant and lion statues at East Mebon Temple and demon statues at the Angkor Thom Victory Gate. At Angkor Wat Temple there was a cooperation with the World Monument Fund to restore the roof at one of the galleries.

Stone conservation in Angkor

17

Replacing an ancient god’s head at the Victory Gate

Inspecting a new discovery

Training of stone conservators on the site

18

Sector | Health

Public health services in rural areas in Cambodia are of low quality. Private health care is very expensive. This limits the access of the rural poor to basic services. Health indicators in Cambodia are among the worst in Asia. The high costs faced by private households in the case of illness due to payments to private and public health care providers and loss of earnings due to illness are among the main causes of poverty and impoverish-ment in Cambodia.

For this reason, the German develop-ment cooperation concentrates on improving the health situation of the poorest members of the population.

Rights on health

19

DED provides practical training to medical personnel in selected hospitals and health centres in the provinces of Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampot and Takeo. This includes training and supervision of paramedic personnel, training nurses and midwives as well as improving care services. The DED experts bridge the gap between a more theoretical education at the regional

training centres and the hospital’s needs related to practice. The work is part of a major cooperation between GTZ and the Ministry of Health. An ideal addi-tion to the training programme in the hospitals is the support of mother and child advice in assigned health centres. This has been achieved successfully in Kampong Thom province and will soon commence in Kampot.

Practical training for medical personnel

Surgeon instructing personnel at the Angkor Hospital for Children

Organizing daily training in Battambang hospital

20

Projects | Health

In Kampong Thom and Kampot pro-vince DED supports the work of the health centres, working together with the Provincial Health Departments. Experts are training and providing further educa-tion to midwives to reduce mother and child mortality. Courses to improve the qualifications of midwives in the health centres are being well accepted and are leading to more expectant mothers to seek advice from the midwives.

Training of midwives

21

Boy receiving treatment for malaria in the children’s medical

unit of Kampot hospital

Mother and child attend vitamin A campaign

in Kampong Thom

Training of midwives in Kampot

22

Sector | Good Governance

Good Governance is one of the key issues of German development coopera-tion with Cambodia. Decentralization, support for the Cambodian land reform and promotion of women’s rights are some of the topics.

What is needed, above all, are reforms that fight corruption, strengthen ad-ministrative institutions and increase awareness of democracy. This is vital to economic growth and poverty reduction.

Good Governance

Activities of DED:

• Reforming the public administration• Decentralization

The main focus in this area is on land is-sues. DED offers its Cambodian partner organizations additional expertise in the field of urban and regional planning.

DED also supports the relevant orga-nizations of Cambodian civil society financially and by deploying experts.

23

DED supports local organizations. They are active in the fields of civil society and the promotion of local democracy. DED provides assistance in financial form as well as advice on capacity building. The aim is to enable civil society to articulate their interests, hold government account-able and thereby implement their ideas for a democratic Cambodia in a sustain-able manner. The thematic focus of the small scale grant programme is on land issues and thus strongly related to the country programme.

Programme objectives• Enhance participation in local demo-

cratic processes • Raise awareness on land and housing

rights • Promote human rights • Empowerment of women

Promoting civil society

Empowered communesEven though at the commune level democratic representation was established after the local (Commune Council) elections in 2002, an outright local admin-istration as such still does not exist.

To support the process of decen-tralization, the democratically elected communal bodies need to be supported. Furthermore, the public institutions that are already in place need to be strengthened.

24

Projects | Good Governance

DED supports their Cambodian part-ners on different administrative levels by supplying personnel who focus on urban and regional land use planning aspects.To establish democratic planning proce-dures in Cambodia in the long term, it is essential to decentralize the planning administration and to introduce par-ticipatory methods and environmental approaches into the planning system.

In Battambang and Siem Reap provinces programmes are underway for decen-tralization and administrative reform. This is taking place in cooperation with the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung and their Cambodian partners. Further activities are planned in the provinces of Kampot and Takeo. This is how DED through the work of its professionals at a local level has a direct influence on the shap-ing of the laws on decentralization.

Urban and regional planning

25

On the national level

DED supports the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Con-struction with one urban and regional planning expert. This includes con-tributions to set up a functional plan-ning system and democratic planning procedures.

On the provincial level

DED supports the Provincial Depart-ment of Land Management and Urban Planning in Battambang in the field of regional planning. Furthermore, the provincial administration of Battam-bang is being advised in the setting up of a regional plan for Battambang province.

Assistance is being provided to the Provincial Department of Land Management and Urban Planning in Battambang in setting up a Commune Development Plan for Samlot Com-mune in cooperation with the Maddox Jolie Pitt Foundation.

Battambang master plan team meeting

26

Projects | Good Governance

DED supports the district administra-tion of Battambang with one urban planning expert in setting up a master plan and one administration expert for implementing the administrative reform. Another DED expert supports the Dis-trict Administration Battambang on the issue of informal settlements.

In Siem Reap DED advises the district administration in implementing the ad-ministrative reform. All projects on the district level are focused on decentraliza-tion.

Master plans on district level

27

The conservation of urban heritage buildings is one of the tasks of the master plan team.

The picture shows the old Provincial Hall in Battambang.

Master plan team at work

Digitising the master plan for Battambang

28

Sector | Civil Peace Service

Development needs peace

Ziviler Friedensdienst (ZFD, Civil Peace Ser-vice) is a programme within the German development cooperation, established and financed by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. The central goal of ZFD is to support mecha-nisms for the settlement of conflicts and the building of peace in order to support the development efforts of partner countries.

Since 2001 the Civil Peace Service has been represented in Cambodia and is today one of the largest ZFD country programmes world-wide. It is focused on the topic of "National reconciliation and justice in Cambodia". DED experts together with their local counterparts are working in partner organizations and sup-port them in realizing diverse activities around the Khmer Rouge tribunal.

Rebuilding CambodiaIt is the task of the nation to master the consequences of decades of armed conflict. During the 70’s, the reign of terror by the Khmer Rouge cost the lives of over 1.7 million people, about one quarter of the population. After thirty years the country is on the way to freedom and stability.

29

In 2006, the Royal Government of Cam-bodia in cooperation with the United Nations established the “Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia” (ECCC). 30 years after the defeat of the Khmer Rouge regime the tribunal aims to take the main perpetrators of the Khmer Rouge regime to court for the homicide of more than 1,7 million people.

Only with the active participation of surviving victims and perpetrators will it be possible to spread the message of justice and reconciliation within Cambo-dian society.

ZFD and its partner organizations are supporting various activities to enable the process of national reconciliation through activities related to the trial.

Information and discussions about the proceedings at the ECCC are spread via public events, radio programmes, televi-sion features and other media. Legal aid is offered to civil parties. A monitoring process of the trials is running and wit-nesses and complainants as well as other survivors suffering from trauma are psychologically supported.

The Khmer Rouge Tribunal

Khmer Rouge survivor with a questionnaire

Visit to former torture prison Tuol Sleng with Khmer Rouge survivors30

Projects | Civil Peace Service

The Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association (ADHOC) organizes seminars about the Khmer Rouge tribunal in Cambodian provinces and supports surviving victims in their application to participate as a civil party. The DED expert who is advising AD-HOC is at the same time the first inter-national lawyer for civil parties. ADHOC also lobbies the Cambodian government to change the national criminal law to conform to international standards.

The Cambodian Human Rights Action Committee (CHRAC) is Cambodia’s most important human rights network. It facilitates the coordination among its members and their activities around the Khmer Rouge tribunal. CHRAC is supporting active participation of civil parties to the ECCC. It is broadcasting radio programmes about the course of the proceedings and is monitoring the trials in collaboration with its interna-tional partner organizations.

Looking for justice

Visit to former torture prison Tuol Sleng with Khmer Rouge survivors 31

The Victims Unit of the ECCC is also supported by DED. The Victims Unit accepts complaints of surviving victims and applications for participation as a civil party. The documents are proceeded and remitted to prosecution or the co-investigative judges. The Victims Unit supports acknowledged civil parties and their lawyers and provides a network for coordination amongst them.

Youth for PeaceThe Cambodian organization Youth for Peace is realizing village dialogues in seven provinces in Cambodia and is advised by a DED expert. In the course of the village dialogues surviving victims and perpetrators are talking to young people about their experience with the Khmer Rouge past. The adolescents are encouraged by Youth for Peace to commit themselves for national reconciliation and democratic development in Cambodia.

32

Projects | Civil Peace Service

Supported by DED the Center for Social Development organizes public forums in Cambodian provinces to inform about the work of the ECCC. Surviving vic-tims and perpetrators have the opportu-nity to talk in public about their personal experience. A special team which is advised by a DED expert is offering emotional support for the participants to better cope with trauma.

Another partner organization work-ing in the area of psychosocial support and education on trauma is the Trans-Cultural Psychosocial Organization. This organization is offering psychological care to witnesses and civil parties before, during and after the proceedings at the ECCC and is advised by a DED expert.

Emotional support for victims

Visitors from the provinces at former torture prison Tuol Sleng in Phnom Penh

33

At the Department for Media and Com-munication of the Royal University of Phnom Penh one DED expert is training journalism students and teachers in the area of electronic media. The main topic of the classes is how the media deal with the Khmer Rouge past and responsible reporting on the tribunal.

A radio programme made by the Wom-en’s Media Center (WMC) reports on the Khmer Rouge regime and the proceed-ings at the ECCC. The programme is broadcast over large areas of Cambo-dia. Journalists and media students are taught how to report responsibly on the tribunal.

Free media – good journalists

34

Weltwärts volunteer programme

In 2007, the Federal Ministry for Eco-nomic Cooperation and Development started its new volunteer programme “weltwärts”. DED is one of the major German organizations placing German volunteers in developing countries.

DED is offering young people between 18 and 23 years the chance to spend one year working and “learning through

active involvement” at Cambodian partner organizations in the areas of environment, youth & peace and social services. Every year there will be around 23 German “weltwärts” volunteers in Cambodia.

Weltwärts volunteer programme

German and Cambodian volunteers in Battambang

35

Volunteer in action

Tooth brush lesson with weltwärts volunteer

Teaching and learning English

36

Partners

Rural Development• Authority for the Protection and Man-

agement of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap (APSARA)

• Buddhism for Development (BFD) • Cambodian Center for Study and De-

velopment in Agriculture (CEDAC) • Faculty of Agronomy (RUA) • Department of Agriculture, Siem

Reap Province • Department of Commerce, Siem

Reap Province • Department of Commerce, Kampong

Cham and Kampong Chhnang Prov-ince

• Department of Industry, Mines and Energy, Kampong Cham and Kam-pong Chhnang Province

Health • Provincial Health Department Kam-

pong Thom and Kampot• Provincial Referral Hospitals Battam-

bang, Kampong Cham, Kampot und Takeo

Good Governance• Ministry of Land Management, Urban

Planning and Construction, Phnom Penh

• Provincial Department of Land Man-agement and Urban Planning, Battam-bang

• District administration Battambang • District administration Siem Reap

Cambodian partners

37

Civil Peace Service

Local partner organizations supported by DED experts

• Cambodian Human Rights and Devel-opment Association (ADHOC)

• Cambodian Committee of Women (CAMBOW)

• Cambodian Human Rights Action Committee (CHRAC)

• Center for Social Development (CSD) • Department for Media and Commu-

nication (DMC) and Department for Psychology of the Royal University of Phnom Penh

• Trans-Cultural Psychosocial Organiza-tion (TPO)

• Victims Unit (VU) of the ECCC • Women’s Media Center (WMC) • Youth for Peace (YfP)

Other local partners

• Cambodian Defenders Project (CDP) • International Center for Conciliation

(ICFC) • Khmer Community Development

(KCD) • Khmer Kampuchea Krom Human

Rights Organization (KKKHRO) • Legal Aid of Cambodia (LAC)

Global commitment – local partnershipClose to the people, cooperation among partners – these have been guiding principles of DED Cambo-dia. DED is responding to requests of the Cambodian government and other organizations.

DED’s development experts are part of Cambodian projects and offer advice to Cambodian partner organizations.

38

ImprintDeutscher Entwicklungsdienst gGmbH

#17, Street 306P.O. Box 628Boeung Keng Kang IChamkar Mon Phnom PenhKingdom of Cambodia

Tel: +855 (23) 219 397Fax: +855 (23) 994 103 E-Mail: [email protected]://cambodia.ded.dehttp://www.gdc-cambodia.org

EditorsWolfgang Möllers (responsible)Mira Nürnberg

PrintJSRC Printing House, Phnom Penh

PicturesAdrian Bolliger, Lars Düerkop, Klaus Glatzel, Urte Heitmann, Kerstin Kasten-holz, Stefan Kiesel, Walter Koditek, Edwin de Korte, Anja Krbanjevic, Tanja-Elisabeth Lenz, Rabea Möllers, Wolfgang Möllers, Mira Nürnberg, Olga Platzer, Katinka Preiss, Isabel Rodde, Eva Pfannerstill, Jens Richter, Birgit Schindhelm, Anisha Schu-bert, Judith Strasser, Silke Studzinsky, Elke Tigges, Karien van Veggel, Matthias Witzel, Sandra Ziegengeist

Phnom Penh, June 2009

39

#17, Street 306P.O. Box 628Boeung Keng Kang 1, Chamkar MonPhnom PenhKingdom of Cambodia

Tel: +855 (23) 219 397Fax: +855 (23) 994 103E-Mail: [email protected] http://cambodia.ded.de http://www.gdc-cambodia.org

Documents

DED Cambodia