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Decoupling packaging waste production from economic growth
Jordi Bruno
2nd UPC International Seminar on Sustainable Technology Development
9.06.2009
2
Trends – waste generation
Packaging waste generation per capita and by country
Source: EEA
3
Trends – waste generation
Average packaging waste generation per capita 1997-2006 (kg/year)
Source: EEA
4
Trends – waste generation
Generation of packaging waste and GDP in the EU-15
Source: EEA
5
Trends – waste generation
Per capita packaging consumption in EU-15, 1998-2006 (in kg)
Source: EUROPEN, 2009
6
Trends – waste generation
Municipal waste generation in Catalonia
Source: ARC
7
Trends – waste generation
Packaging waste per capita in Catalonia
Source: Fundació Catalana per a la Prevenció de Residus i el Consum Responsable
8
Trends – waste recycling
Progress towards the EU recycling targets (2006)
Source: EUROPEN, 2009
9
Trends – waste treatment
Treatment of packaging waste
Source: EEA
10
Trends – waste recycling
Energy recovery and recycling rates in EU-27, 2006
Source: EUROPEN, 2009
11
Packaging & Society
Factors driving packaging waste
Lifestyles Consumption patterns
Packaging
• Reduction of household average size• Ageing of population• Less time devoted at home• More consumption and specialization
• Reduction of household average size• Ageing of population• Less time devoted at home• More consumption and specialization
• Smaller packaging units• Increase of pre-cooked food•Adapted to old people and children• Consumption outside home
• Smaller packaging units• Increase of pre-cooked food•Adapted to old people and children• Consumption outside home
Social changes Demand of new products
Source: ECOEMBES
12
Packaging & Society
Packaging functions
TRADITIONALMODERN
Source: FCPRCR & EUROPEN
• Containment• Protection• Conservation• (transport)
Potential barriers to waste prevention!
13
Packaging & Society
Influencing factors when purchasing food products (%)
Source: ECOEMBES – Shopping Basket Study (Nielsen / IRI)
Prize
Trade mark
Amount of product
Recommended
Easy to manage
Easy to storage
Advertised on TV
Packg. material
• Law 9/2008, on waste management• Selective waste collection• Material recovery more important than proximity
• Directive 2008/98/CE, on waste• Waste hierarchy: prevention, preparing for re-use, recycling,
other recovery (i.e. energy recovery), disposal• 50% objective for recycling and recovery in 2020• Follow-up indicators
Legislation & policy
• Objective in PROGREMIC 2007-2012:
• To reach this (in packaging waste):• Encourage the use of products with reusable containers.• Promote the consumption of tap water.• Develop reusable bags.• To avoid the over-packaging.
Legislation & policy
“Prevent waste generation in weight, volume, variety and hazard, decoupling waste production from
economic growth”.
Municipal Waste Planning in Catalonia
Legislation & policy
PROGREMIC – potential reduction of packaging waste
Action Production (kg/inh/yr)
Potential reduction (kg/inh/yr)
Potential CO2 reduction (kg/inh/yr)
Encourage reusable packaging
35 12 7
To promote use of tap water 6 2 4
To develop reusable bags 2 1 2
To avoid over-packaging 107 10 17
150 25 30
• Grants to prevent municipal waste generation (834 projects during 2004-2008; 14M€)
• Dissemination:– Waste Reduction Week
– Awareness campaigns (aquireduim.cat)
– Specific publications on methodologies, guidelines,…
• Studies• Specific projects and collaboration agreements• Awards (Design for recycling)
17
Legislation & policy
Actions at the Catalan Waste Agency
Source: ARC