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New presentation given at parking lot seminar in Austin last December. The Slideshare conversion did something weird with one of the fonts though.
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Introduction:Decorative Concrete vs. “Normal” Concrete
Decorative Basics- TreatmentsColorTextureSealers & Joint Sealants
Bringing It all Together: Ensuring Success from Documentation to
Execution
The level of quality in any concrete project is directly proportional to the level of engagement… This is especially true where visual quality is of concern since we are primarily visual beings and it is the characteristic that is most readily recognized.
Aesthetics- it just looks better
Typically more attention to detail
Take advantage of easy (cheap) opportunities
Generally, an added cost
Traditionally, bigger scope = bigger risk
Lack of tools
Local RMC producers, supply houses, & vendors
Concrete Network online
CCAA Guide to Flatwork Finisheswww.concrete.net.au
ACI 303.1
PigmentsPowderLiquid
StainsHardeners
Topical Color
ASTM C979 Standard: Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
Color Chemical Formula Chemical Description Common Name
Black Fe3O4 Iron(II, III)oxide Iron Oxide BlackRed a-Fe2O3 Iron(III)oxide Iron Oxide Red Yellow a-FeOOH Iron(III)oxide hydroxide Iron Oxide YellowBrown Mixture of a-FeOOH Iron Oxide Brown
and/or Fe2O3 with Fe3O4
Green Cr2O3 Chrome(III)oxide Chrome Oxide Green
Blue CoAl2O4 Cobalt aluminate Cobalt BlueWhite TiO2 Titanium(IV)oxide Titanium Dioxide
Influence of the Cement Color on the Final Color Shade
Grey cement
White cement
Withoutpigment
Blue Yellow Green Red Brown Black
Bayferrox 920 Bayferrox 110 Bayferrox 318
2 %
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8C
olo
ur
inte
nsi
tyPigment concentration [%]
based on cement
4 %
6 %
8 %
0 %
Bayferrox 318Bayferrox 110Bayferrox 920
Pigmentation Level Versus Final Color Shade
Influence of the Water-Cement (w/c) Ratio on the Color of the
Concrete
w/c 0.40
4 % Bayferrox 130
unpigmented
w/c 0.50w/c 0.45
Powder or Liquid
Dosage rate based on cement content
Added directly to transit mixer
Acid-based reagentsWater-based
reagents(not dyes)
Dry-shake
Hardners
Water-Based
Portland cementSilica sandPigment(s)
Trowel- finishBroom- finishStampsEmbedments/Rock
Salt
Surface RetardersAcid EtchBlast EtchSaw Cutting
Etching
HeavyLightSwirlWavyStraight
Broom
HeavyLightGenerally not
recommendedRequires slip-resistant
sealer
SkinsStampsRollers?
Acid EtchBlast EtchExposed Aggregate
“Traditional”Surface Retarders
Aggregates: Integral or Seededdepth of exposure should not be more than
40% of the coarse aggregate's diameterlight, medium, or deep exposures (and in-
between)w/c ratio can effect exposure depth
Width flares to ½”½” deep
1/8” wide1/16”-1/4” deep
Sawed
Brings out the colorResists StainingResists UV
DegradationPrevents Salt/Deicer/
Water Intrusion
Prevents Intrusion of Water & Incompressibles
Helps Reduce Pumping
Protects Against Joint Spalling & Deterioration
Joint Sealants
Acrylics are easiest to apply and dry quickly but require more maintenance. Both solvent and water based
Polyurethanes are thicker but moisture intolerant. Both solvent and water based.
Penetrating sealers (silanes, siloxanes, and silicates) provide great protection but produce matte finish.
Epoxies are generally not UV resistant and not suitable for exterior.
Cure & SealWater-basedSolvent-basedTinted sealersSlip- resistant grit
Ground polyethylene Silica sand
Many types availablePolyurethane or Polyurea
Great performaneEase of use
Backer RodClosed cell sealant backing: polyethylene foam w/
surface skinOpen cell sealant backing: urethane foam w/o a skin
Width-to depth ratio important-2:1 okay; 3:2 is better
Pavements with saw cuts and stabilized subgrades may not need sealant
Polyureathane
Ensure owner understands maintenance commitment
Maintain according to system manufacturerOtherwise follow ACI-330 guidelines
• Most stains will oxidize with time• Clean up wet oil and antifreeze with
absorbents prior to cleaning• Scrap dried and hard materials prior to
cleaning operations• Two main types of cleaning:
• Physical• Chemical
• Power Washing- may restore brightness to concrete but will not remove most stains
• Abrasive Blasting-Likely more expensive and will remove 1/16” of tops surface• Shot Blasting (will not remove heavy grease)• Sand Blasting
• Typically spot applied & scrubbed with stiff brush
• Rinsing the surface with water removes the cleaner and oil stains
• A variety of chemicals may be used (following manufacturers’ instructions):• sodium metasilicates• petroleum distillates• Trisodium phosphate (TSP)• sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution mixed with
ground limestone
Reference ACI303.1Use proprietary spec if using a systemSpell out:
Who?What ?When?Where?Why?How?
Ensure bids cover what is spec’dUse a Design Reference StandardInsist on preconstruction meetingUtilize Field Mockup to mitigate
any issuesVisual field inspection is more
important that materials testingContractor Qualifications
ACI Flatwork FinisherPortfolio of previous work
Raise you expectations.
Specify product systems & certified finishers.
Insist on the best and do NOT accept shortcuts or substitutions (only proven equals).