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Deconstruction to Reconstruction: How building materials reuse can help
conserve resource, create jobs, and bring
sustainability to communities.
Bob FalkResearch Engineer
US Forest Products Laboratory
Madison, Wisconsin
&
President
Building Materials Reuse Association
Chicago, Illinois
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Forest Products Laboratory
• US Forest Service
• National lab for wood products research.
• Established in 1910 in Madison, Wisconsin.
• Operate in cooperation with UW.
• Solid wood/composites & pulp/paper.
What the FPL Offers
• Unbiased research and information resource on the performance of wood and wood products.
• Thousands of publications on the use of wood.
• Expertise in wood performance, adhesives, preservation of wood, finishing of wood, durability, design standards, pulp & paper manufacture, recycling of wood and paper, etc.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
BMRA
• Building Materials Reuse Association
• 501 c3 non-profit educational organization.
• Mission is to facilitate the recovery and reuse of building materials through the deconstruction of buildings.
• Members include deconstruction practitioners, reuse businesses, green architects, recycling coordinators, etc.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
BMRA Governance
Executive Director
Anne Nicklin
Board of Directors
Bob Falk, USDA Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI
John Majercak, Center for Ecological Technology, Northampton, MA
Dave Bennick, Reuse Consulting, Bellingham, WA
Dirk Wassink, Second Use, Seattle, WA
Tom Napier, US Army CERL, Champaign, IL
Lancelot Coar, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, CANADA
Ted Reiff, The Reuse People, Oakland, CA
Elise Zelechowski, Rebuilding Exchange, Chicago, IL
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
What the BMRA Offers
• Website with information on building materials reuse, deconstruction, and green building.
• National Conference on Building Materials Reuse, Deconstruction, C&D Waste Recycling
• Training and other educational opportunities.
• Sponsorship and participation in related activities.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
What is Deconstruction?
• Deconstruction = dismantlement, unbuilding, reverse construction, etc.
• Deconstruction is a tool for the salvage of reusable building materials from remodeling or building removal.
• Deconstruction can involve the selective salvage of materials OR as a means to remove the whole building.
• Deconstruction can be an alternative to demolition, but can also be part of a building removal process that involves demolition.
• Deconstruction should be the first step in the building removal process.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Why Salvage & Reuse Building Materials?
• Avoid landfill waste.• For every ton of material reused, a ton less goes into our
landfills.
• Help reduce the consumption of new resources. • For every pound of material reused, about 16 pounds of
raw material are not mined, harvested, or manufactured.
• Reduce pollution & carbon impact.• By reusing, we avoid the pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions associated with product manufacture and transport.
• Utilize a valuable resource• Functional and high value materials exist in the buildings
we tear down every year.
• Help transform distressed neighborhoods into sustainable communities.• Deconstruction keeps the value of these materials in the
neighborhood, an asset in community redevelopment.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Why Salvage & Reuse Building Materials?
(cont.)
• Help expand job opportunities, small business creation, and workforce development skills.• The number of reused building materials centers has
grown rapidly over the last 15 years, estimated at over 1000 nationwide.
• Deconstruction and building materials reuse offers job skills that can be used in many other industries, including construction and retailing.
• Deconstruction offers opportunity for those with little or no job skills to enter the workforce.
• Supports the tenets of green building through materials reuse.• US Green Building Council’s LEED for Homes program
offers up to 6.5 points for materials reuse from a total of 8 for Environmentally Preferable Products (MR 2.1).
Current BMRA Activities
1. Training Development
2. EPA RRP Rule
3. DECON11 Conference
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Training Development
• Development of a standardized deconstruction training curriculum is in progress.
• This curriculum would reflect the collective knowledge of our membership and would be developed and reviewed by the deconstruction industry.
• Curriculums are being developed for use at both the community college level as well as for municipality-based trainees.
• Current development partners include Iowa Central Community College and the City of Seattle.
Core Competencies
Curriculum
TrainingAccreditation
Training Components
Core Competency Development
Deconstruction Master
Practitioners
Leading Researchers
Regulatory Agencies
•Roles and responsibilities of deconstruction workers
•Types of deconstruction and salvage workers
•Fundamental processes and timelines of deconstruction
•Professional standards of practice
•Essential knowledge and continuing education
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Curriculum Development
Deconstruction Master Practitioners
Leading Researchers
CORE COMPETENCIES
Community Colleges
Curriculum Experts
•Required readings and workbook
•Syllabus, lesson plans and quizzes.
•Plan for licensing curriculum, or certifying independently
developed curriculum
•Timelines for variable length courses.
•Train the trainer
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Training Development
•BMRA produced training of deconstruction workers
• BMRA approved training of deconstruction workers
• Train the trainer : Curriculum
• Train the trainer: On site training
TE
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Deconstruction Master Practitioners
Leading Researchers
CORE COMPETENCIES
Community Colleges
Curriculum Experts
Process Timeline
Core Competencies
Curriculum Development
Training Development
Accreditation Development
Fall 2010 Winter 2011 Spring 2011 Summer/Fall 2011
EPA’s RRP Rule
• Lead: Renovation, Repair, & Painting Rule
• Requested EPA to clarify Rule and its impact on salvage activities.
• Remodeling and painting contractors must be trained by a certified EPA firm and use lead-safe work practices and procedures: • Contain the work area.
• Minimize dust.
• Clean up thoroughly.
• Test.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Questions Posed
1. Does the RRP Rule apply to buildings slated for removal?
2. Does the RRP Rule apply to salvage in remodeling projects?
3. Does the RRP Rule affect the disposition of materials removed?
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
EPA’s RRP Rule
BMRA Interpretation:
1. The RRP does not apply to buildings slated for removal.
2. The RRP does apply to any remodeling project, regardless if salvage takes place or not.
3. The salvage and removal of materials or components coated with LBP is outside the scope of RRP.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
DECON11
• 2011 BMRA National Conference
• New Haven, CT
• May 15-19, 2011
• Yale University Campus
• Sponsors & Supporting Partners• CT Materials Reuse Network (MRN)
• CT Department of Environmental Protection
• Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies
• US EPA Regions I & II
• Reuse Consulting
• The Reuse People
• CT Construction Industries Association
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
DECON11
• Four simultaneous tracks of talks• Sustainable Communities/Economic Development
• Deconstruction Practices
• Building Materials Reuse
• C&D Waste Recycling
• Over 70 submitted presentations.
• Forums on LBP, wages, workforce development
• Trainings, tours, welcome reception, BBQ
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Some DECON11 Talks
• Diverting More C&D Waste from Your Renovation Projects.
• Creating and Implementing Volunteer-based Deconstruction Programs.
• Right Sizing Community Deconstruction Development
• Deconstruction of Houses Help Restore a Former Waterway.
• Using Construction Waste Recovery As a Green Education Tool.
• Green Collar Jobs: Reclaiming Jobs From the Landfill.
• The Econ of Decon: Recycling Money in Your Community
• Design for Deconstruction Website Teaching Aid.
DECON11
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Ongoing Research
• Environmental impact of reusing
lumber and wood strip flooring.
• Reusing lumber in construction.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Environmental Impact of
Reusing Wood
• Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Analysis
• Objective is to evaluate the environmental
consequence of reusing wood framing and
wood flooring compared to using a similar
“new” product.
• Cooperative study between FPL, Athena
Institute, US Army CERL, UW.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Life Cycle Assessment
• Methodology to assess the impact associated
with all the stages of a process from-cradle-to-
grave (i.e., from raw materials through materials
processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair
and maintenance, and disposal or recycling).
• LCA is composed of individual LCIs (interlinked).
Cradle-to-Grave Life Cycle Assessment
Composed of individual life-cycle stages (i.e. LCIs)
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Project Steps
1. LCI of new lumber & flooring
• Already developed by CORRIM (www.corrim.org)
• US LCI Database (www. nrel.gov/lci)
2. Develop LCIs of reclaimed lumber & flooring
• Survey of industry
• Quantification of processes/energy demands.
3. Compare 1 & 2
New Lumber LCI
Reclaimed Lumber LCI
Energy Requirements – Lumber
Planed dry softwood lumber Reclaimed lumber
PNW SE
MJ/m3 MJ/m3 MJ/m3
Coal 92 356 120
Crude oil 361 337 141
Natural gas 1447 279 38
Uranium 7 35 41
Biomass 1595 2473 0
Hydro 200 4 0
Electricity 3 8 0
Total 3705 3492 340
Air Emissions - Lumber
Planed dry softwood lumber Reclaimed lumber
PNW SE
kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3
CO 1.43 1.83 0.5
CO2 (biomass) 160 248 1.9
CO2 (fossil) 92 62 18.9
HAPS 0.01 0.01 –
CH4 0.19 0.1 0.3
Nitrogen oxides 0.67 0.64 0.2
Particulates 0.05 0.05 <0.1
SO2 1.03 0.43 0.1
VOCs 0.08 0.49 <0.1
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Next Steps
• Quantify Carbon Impact
• Forest sequestration
• End-of-life scenarios (wood as fuel,
landfilling)
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Reuse of Lumber
1. Two product types to consider
a. Large timbers
b. 2-by lumber
2. Building Code approval required for
both.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Large Timbers
• Either end up as:
• Timber frame construction.
• Flooring or other non-structural use.
Timber Frame Construction
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
2-by Lumber
• Problem
• Marketing of reclaimed 2-by lumber is
hampered.
• Acceptance is inconsistent.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
How to Solve Problem?
1. Test reclaimed lumber to determine:
a. Residual engineering properties.
b. Effects of damage on properties.
2. Work with wood industry to draft
appropriate amendments to grading
rules and design standards.
Testing
1. Graded 4000 pieces
of lumber from 5 sites.
2. Tested over 2000
pieces of lumber to
failure (1200 full
sized).
3. Analyzed results and
compared to existing
data bases.
Testing Results
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Rules/Standards
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
What’s Next?
1. Finalizing recommendations to grading
agencies via a white paper.
2. Hope that the wood industry moves
forward to approve.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Till Then?
1. West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau
(WCLIB) will regrade reclaimed
lumber.
2. They will also train graders to do so.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Future Scenarios
1. Lumber will have to be regraded.
2. Form co-ops to pool enough lumber to
minimize regrading costs.
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Deconstruction and building materials
reuse can change this scene……
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
to this…………
www.fpl.fs.fed.us www.bmra.org
Contacts
Anne Nicklin
Executive Director
(773)340-BMRA
Bob Falk
President, Board of Directors
(608) 231-9255
![Danish University Colleges Deconstruction/Reconstruction a ... · reconstruction method are discussed using Enzo Mari's 1963 poster "Arte Programmata: Kinetische Kunst" [16] (figure](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/5e55cf4bd5aac8406a53e41a/danish-university-colleges-deconstructionreconstruction-a-reconstruction-method.jpg)
