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DECLINE OF THE SOVIET UNION
Ch 21.1
Objectives
u Cold War ended after leadership changed in the Soviet Union
u Gorbachev policies contributed to the disintegration of the Soviet Union
u The conversion from a socialist to a free-market economy created many problems in the former Soviet states
Cold War to Post Cold War détente- relaxation of tensions b/t US & USSR
Cold War Intensifies
! Afghanistan (1979) -The USSR’s Vietnam
! Soviet Expansion
-Prez. Carter = embargo
! Ronald Reagan (1980)
! ! ! - “evil empire”
Upheaval in Soviet Union
Leonid Brezhnev Era (1970’s)
Brezhnev Doctrine -relaxation of some strict laws
! -Soviet’s could intervene if communism was threatened in another Communist state and throughout the USSR
*dissidents- those who spoke out against the USSR were still punished
Brezhnev (cont.)
Economy of USSR
Focused on heavy industry
! problems:
-complex bureaucracy
-work ethic on collective farms
Gov’nt corruption
Why Communism Failed
1.) complex government bureaucracy
2.) collective farms (work ethic)
3.) class systems (created by the gov’nt)
4.) poor social conditions
Reagan Yearsmilitary buildup
! *arms race
! ! -Star Wars SDI
($$$$budget deficit)
military aid to Afghan rebels
*what long lasting effects may this have had?
End of the Cold War! Mikhail Gorbachev
glasnost- openness in discussing policies
Intermediate-range Nuclear Force Treaty (INF) 1987
Soviet military force ended in E.Europe
Leads to revolutions in satellite states
Mikhail GorbachevRadical Reforms
! ! 1. glastnost – openness
! ! 2. perestroika- restructuring of economy / society
! ! begins to turn USSR into market economy (capitalism)
! ! ! -Allowed some small free enterprise
Soviet parliament=Elected officials; not appointed! ! !
-party system
Presidency established
End of the Soviet UnionEthnic Tensions within the USSR
! ! -92 ethnic groups
! ! -112 different languages
! ! ! **NATIONALISM**
Independence Movements that the USSR did not put down:
Georgia, Latvia, Estonia, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Lithuania
! !
coup attempt by KGB/army/GOVN’T
Stopped byYeltsin and Russ. Republic
Independence of satellite states in early December (UKR on Dec 1,1991)
Announce the USSR is no more
Gorbachev resigns =Dec. 25th 1991
Boris Yeltsin = President of Russia
Gorbachev’s Struggle
Homework
Pg 660
#’s 1,2,4,5,& 6