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Heimgrgt`ak aj @kkavgt`akLgrif 77, 4278

5

Dy-Rrahuit Xregtlekt v`g Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he

G letfah aj releh`gt`ak aj patekt`gmmy tax`i @khustr`gm dy-prahuits

72Rgtekt Famhers> Ngles X. Egstak, Nr. & Ngles G. Rgpp

Iaktgit> jmygsfigsxBfatlg`m.ial

75

Iaktekts

42@ktrahuit`ak 4

Exeiut`ve Yullgry 9

ERG kews remegse 4/?/78 - Iagm Gsf Dekej`i`gm Use, Gppraveh :

Ekv`raklektgm Grt`ime 4/70/78 - Iagm Gsf Teiyim`ko Dekej`ts ?

Rgtekt Haiulekt 045Rrav`s`akgm Rgtekt Haiulekt 49

Rfatas / Exf`d`ts 92

92

mailto:flyashcasx@hotmail.commailto:flyashcasx@hotmail.com

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@ktrahuit`ak

Xax`i wgste `s gk akoa`ko iakierk hue ta patekt`gm hgkoers ta fulgk fegmtf gkh tfe

ekv`raklekt. Jmy gsf (tfe dy-prahuit aj iagm durk`ko emeitr`igm pawer pmgkts) s gt tfe jare jraktaj tf`s `ssue. Lumt`pme fegvy letgms gkh atfer tax`ks gre trgppeh `k tfe gsf hur`ko iagm5

ialdust`ak, gkh lust de h`spaseh aj. Ifgmmekoes aiiur wfek tfese wgter samudme sudstgkie gre

gmmaweh ta iale `k iaktgit w`tf sa`ms, mgces, r`vers gkh ukheroraukh wgter suppm`es.

_e fgve kat akmy hevemapeh g v`gdme, eiakal`igmmy jegs`dme samut`ak jar tfe pradmel aj tax`i

wgste, dut gmsa g pgtf ta oekergte revekue jral iregt`ko g super`ar vers`ak aj tfe last w`hemy72

useh ialleri`gm prahuit gvg`mgdme tahgy, iakirete. Dy ut`m`z`ko Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he (m`le

sumjur) `k iaknukit`ak w`tf @khustr`gm dy-prahuits (`.e. Jmy Gsf, Dmgst Jurkgie Ymgo, L`k`ko

wgstes, eti...) we giialpm`sf tfree tf`kos>

7. Lumt`pme, wgter samudme, emelektgm Fegvy Letgms gre ifel`igmmy regiteh ta iregte kak-75

samudme lgter`gms. 4. Jurtfer tax`i ialpakekts ifel`igmmy d`kh ta Fyhrax`he pamyler ifg`ks, gkh gre maiceh

`kta ialpmex lameiumgr struitures w`tf`k g ielekt`t`aus lgter`gm. 9. G f`of strekotf, f`of perjarlgkie vers`ak aj iakirete up ta 722 t`les hekser tfgk

Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt `s iregteh.42

Xf`s "Razzamgk`i" iakirete `s> Ytrakoer, hekser, lare hurgdme, m`ofter gkh egs`er ta use tfgk

Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt. @k ghh`t`ak, `t `s ifel`igmmy res`stgkt, wgterpraaj, j`re retgrhgkt,

gdsards Igrdak H`ax`he jral tfe g`r gkh prav`hes s`ok`j`igkt rehuit`ak aj IA 4 el`ss`aks dy

rehui`ko tfe keeh jar prahuit`ak aj Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt.45

Gmm tf`s trgksmgtes `kta g prahuit tfgt igk de sgjemy h`spaseh aj, ar useh `k tfe sgle gppm`igt`aks

gs Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt iakirete. Xfe praiess igk de sgjemy gkh qu`icmy perjarleh w`tf

ex`st`ko lgif`kery gkh ckawmehoe iallak ta maigm ielekt iaktrgitars graukh tfe warmh

iast`ko ka lare tfgk tfe prahuit`ak aj Arh`kgry Rartmgkh ielekt.92

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Exeiut`ve Yullgry

Dy-Rrahuit Xregtlekt v`g Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he

Xfe ekimaseh haiulekts autm`ke g patekt`gm letfah jar tfe stgd`m`zgt`ak aj @khustr`gm dy-prahuitlgter`gms. Xfe letfah lgy de elpmayeh ak ex`st`ko Jmy-Gsf stargoe `lpaukhlekts, gkh/ar5

`lpmelekteh gs g pragit`ve, prevektgt`ve legsure l`t`ogt`ko juture keogt`ve ejjeits aj dy-

prahuit lgter`gms. Xregtlekt v`g Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he prav`hes gk eiakal`igmmy v`gdme, regh`my

gvg`mgdme praiess ta l`t`ogte ekv`raklektgm hglgoe gkh gssai`gteh iasts remgt`ko ta lumt`pme

patekt`gmmy tax`i lgter`gms `kimuh`ko3 Grsek`i, Megh, Iapper, Ighl`ul, Lamydhekul,

Yemek`ul, Leriury, ^`ki, Dgr`ul, Urgk`ul, Ifral`ul, Iygk`he gkh atfer lgter`gms. Xfe72

h`simaseh letfah iald`kes tfree ckawk letfahs aj ekv`raklektgm releh`gt`ak `kta g s`kome

ifel`igm praiess. J`rst, stgd`m`zgt`ak aj emelektgm, fegvy letgm tax`ks `s gif`eveh dy iregt`ak aj

`ksamudme sumj`he ialpaukhs v`g `ak`i/iavgmekt ifel`igm dakh`ko. Xf`s praiess gmmaws jar tfe

prei`p`tgt`ak aj l`kergm iaktekt jral gqueaus samut`ak s`l`mgr ta tfe ex`st`ko praiesses aj `k-

s`tu l`k`ko jar Urgk`ul, gkh `k-s`tu ifel`igm j xgt`ak ut`m`zeh `k sa`m releh`gt ak. Yeiakhmy,75

jurtfer tax`i lgter`gms gre `kiarpargteh `kta ialpmex, Fyhrax`he pamyler ifg`ks gs

Igmi`ul/Y`m`igte iaktekt ifel`igmmy regits jarl`ko g iakirete lgter`gm. Xfe tf`rh praiess

reogrhs tfe ekigpsumgt`ak aj patekt`gmmy tax`i iaktekt `kta f`of perjarlgkie, Razzamgk`i

iakirete. Razzamgk`i ielekt iregtes g iakirete lgtr`x up ta 722 t`les hekser tfgk iakirete

prahuieh w`tf Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt. Xf`s ifgrgiter`st`i iald`keh w`tf f`of mevems aj42

Gmul`kg gkh @rak iregte g wgterpraaj, ifel`igmmy res`stgkt jarlumgt`ak l`l`ic`ko tfe ifel`igm

lgce-up aj Talgk iakirete l`xes gdme ta relg`k ukifgkoeh ukherwgter, `k Aiegk`i iakh`t`aks

jar aver 4,222 yegrs. Xfe j`kgm prahuit aj tf`s praiess `s g trgkspartgdme, sam`h`j`eh lgss tfgt

igk de igst `kta gmlast sfgpe gkh s`ze jar egse aj trgkspartgt`ak gkh patekt`gm dekej`i`gm re-use.

45

Ekv`raklektgm Dekej`ts> L`t`ogt`ak aj fegmtf iakierks reogrh`ko g`r gkh oraukhwgter iaktgl`kgt`ak jral

uktregteh Jmy-Gsf giiulumgt`aks.

Rrateit`ak ta j`sf gkh w`mhm`je hue ta tax`i emelektgm iakst`tuekts aj Jmy-Gsf stargoe

giiulumgt`aks.92

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Mako terl rehuit`aks aj gtlaspfer`i Igrdak H`ax`he tfrauof gdsarpt`ak `kta iakirete

lgter`gms gs igmi`ul igrdakgte evamves `k prahuieh lgter`gms.

Rrateit`ak jar pudm`i wgter wgys, wgter suppm`es, `rr`ogt`ak systels gkh prapert`es jral

patekt`gm fgrl jral gii`hektgm Jmy-Gsf iaktg`klekt jg`mures.

Tehuit`ak `k pgrt`iumgte el`ss`aks jral ielekt prahuit`ak c`mks tfrauof rehuit`ak `k5

helgkh jar Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt.

Eiakal`i dekej`ts>

Y`ok`j`igkt rehuit`ak, `j kat em`l`kgt`ak, aj iasts gssai`gteh w`tf imegk-up aj f`of

vamule tax`i Iagm Gsf sp`mms.72

Rrateit`ak aj Emeitr`igm Ut`m`t`es jral oaverklekt j`kes, m`t`ogt`ak gkh atfer j`kgki`gm

m`gd`m`ty gssai`gteh w`tf Jmy-Gsf stargoe maigt`aks.

Tehuit`ak `k iasts ta iakirete prahuit`ak ialpgk`es tfrauof rehuit`ak aj Arh`kgry

Rartmgkh Ielekt `k iakirete jarlumgt`ak.

@kiregse `k m`je-iyime aj iakirete struitures hue ta ekfgkieh perjarlgkie aj Razzamgk`i75

ielekts wfek ialpgreh w`tf Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt.

Tem`ej `k iasts ta pudm`i jukhs gkh oaverklekt goeki`es iakierk`ko reoumgt`ak gkh

`lpmelektgt`ak aj Jmy-Gsf stargoe pam`iy.

Ytgd`m`zgt`ak aj Emeitr`igm pawer rgtes ta iaksulers. Ratekt`gm jar ghh`t`akgm praj`t stregls ta Emeitr`igm Ut`m`t`es tfrauof tfe sgme aj iakirete42

prahuits gkh/ar dy-prahuit lgter`gms.

@kiregse `k elpmaylekt appartuk`ty `k maigm`zeh iakirete iakstruit`ak lgrcets. @kiregse `k revekue ta maigm dus`kesses pgrt`i`pgt`ko `k releh`gt`ak ejjarts.

@lpmelektgt`ak> 45

Xfe letfah aj tf`s pgtekt lgy de regh`my `lpmelekteh dy ialleri`gm legks tfrauof

tfe use aj stgkhgrh iakirete dmekh`ko equ`plekt. Xfe praiess lgy de perjarleh `k-s`tu tfrauof

tfe ut`m`zgt`ak aj lad`me iakirete dmekh`ko gkh dgtif l`x`ko equ`plekt iallak ta tfe praiess

aj ragh gkh f`ofwgy iakstruit`ak `k relate maigt`aks. Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he (m`le sumjur) gkh92

s`m`igte lgtter jral Jmy Gsf git `k h`reit sudst`tut`ak jar tfe regit`ve ialpakekts aj Arh`kgry

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Rartmgkh Ielekt. Rrav`s`ak aj ghh`t`akgm wgter suppm`es gmako w`tf trgkspartgt ak gkh hry

stargoe aj Rartmgkh Ielekt pawher gre kat requ`reh. Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he `s regh`my gvg`mgdme `k

iaktg`kers rgko`ko `k s`ze jral ifel`igm tates ta rg`mragh tgkcers gs Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he `s

iurrektmy ut`m`zeh g juko`i`he/pest`i`he `k gor`iumture gkh `k tax`i sa`m releh`gt`ak ejjarts girass

Kartf Gler`ig. M`le Yumjur fgs deek pravek sgje gkh ekv`raklektgmmy jr`ekhmy jar use dy datf5

tfe JHG gkh tfe ERG.

Xfe praiehure aj `lpmelektgt`ak `s gs jammaws...

7. Mgdargtary test`ko aj spei`j`i giiulumgt`aks ta j`kgm`ze `hegm l`x hes`oks (s`l`mgr ta

lgter`gms mgdargtary test`ko aj iakirete spei`j`eh `k Grif`teiturgm iakstruit`ak.)72

4. Exigvgt`ak aj Jmy Gsf stargoe `lpaukhlekt pakhs gkh/ar mgkhj`mms.

9. L`x`ko aj Ialpakekts ta stgd`m`ze tax`i iakst`tuekts.

8. Rmgielekt aj l`xeh eldah`lekts `kta jarlwarc jar iur`ko.

5. Xrgkspartgt`ak aj sam`h`j`eh, kak-tax`i eldah`lekts ta perlgkekt stargoe maigt`aks.

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fttp>//yasel`te.epg.oav/apg/ghlpress.ksj/2/:G59?5JJ520760G76545?I?6225:4H57

ERG Evgmugt`ak J`khs Use aj Iagm Gsf `k Iakirete gkh_gmmdagrh Gpprapr`gte

Temegse Hgte> 24/2?/4278Iaktgit @kjarlgt`ak> Ekestg Nakes, Nakes.ekestgBepg.oav, 42 4-5:8-?6?9, 424-5:8-89555

_GYF@KOXAK Us`ko g kewmy hevemapeh letfahamaoy, tfe U.Y. Ekv`raklektgm Rrateit`akGoekiy (ERG) tahgy remegseh `ts evgmugt`ak aj tfe twa mgroest dekej`i`gm uses aj ekigpsumgtehiagm ialdust`ak res`hugms (IIT ar iagm gsf)> use `k iakirete gs g sudst`tute jar partmgkh ielekt,gkh tfe use aj jmue ogs hesumjur`zgt`ak oypsul gs g sudst`tute jar l`keh oypsul `k wgmmdagrh.72ERGs evgmugt`ak iakimuheh tfgt tfe dekej`i`gm use aj ekigpsumgteh IITs `k iakirete gkhwgmmdagrh `s gpprapr`gte deiguse tfey gre ialpgrgdme ta v`ro`k lgter`gms ar demaw tfe goekiysfegmtf gkh ekv`raklektgm dekiflgrcs.

Xfese twa uses giiaukt jar kegrmy fgmj aj tfe tatgm glaukt aj iagm gsf tfgt `s dekej`i`gmmy useh.75

Xfe prateit`ve reuse aj iagm gsf ghvgkies sustg`kgd`m`ty dy sgv`ko vgmugdme resauries, rehui`koiasts, gkh messek`ko ekv`raklektgm `lpgits, `kimuh`ko rehui`ko oreekfause ogs el` ss`aks, sg`hLgtfy Ytgk`smgus, gss`stgkt ghl`k`strgtar jar ERGs Ajj`ie aj Yam`h _gste gkh EleroekiyTespakse.42

@k evgmugt`ko tfese twa dekej`i`gm uses, ERG useh `ts kewmy hevemapeh, Letfahamaoy jarEvgmugt`ko Ekigpsumgteh Dekej`i`gm Uses aj Iagm Ialdust`ak Tes`hugms. Xfe letfahamaoy `s`ktekheh ta gss`st stgtes gkh atfer `kteresteh pgrt`es w`tf evgmugt`ko gkh lgc`ko `kjarlehheterl`kgt`aks gdaut ekigpsumgteh dekej`i`gm uses aj IITs.45

Iagm gsf `s jarleh wfek iagm `s durkeh `k da`mers tfgt oekergte stegl jar pawer oekergt`ak gkh`khustr`gm gppm`igt`aks. Ym`oftmy lare tfgk fgmj aj iagm gsf `s h`spaseh aj `k hry mgkhj`mms gkhsurjgie `lpaukhlekts. Xfe relg`kher aj iagm gsf `s useh dekej`i`gmmy, gs wemm gs `k l`k`kogppm`igt`aks.92

Lare `kjarlgt`ak ak tfeletfahamaoy> fttp>//www.epg.oav/epgwgste/iakserve/`lr/iips/dekjuse.ftl

Teie`ve aur Kews Temegses Gutalgt`igmmy dy Elg`m 95

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http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/6A5375FF509189A185257C7800562D51mailto:Jones.enesta@epa.govhttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/imr/ccps/benfuse.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/imr/ccps/benfuse.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/imr/ccps/benfuse.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/newsroom/email_signups.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/newsroom/email_signups.htmmailto:Jones.enesta@epa.govhttp://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/6A5375FF509189A185257C7800562D51http://www.epa.gov/newsroom/email_signups.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/imr/ccps/benfuse.htm

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fttp>//tfeekeroyiammeit`ve.ial/krhisw`tifdagrh/9820?7/iagm-gsf-wfy-`t-detter-reiyimeh-wgste

7. Iagm Gsf> _fy `t `s Detter Teiyimeh Xfgk gs g _gste Rasteh Jedrugry 70, 4278

Ceywarhs > Yustg`kgd`m`ty, Ut`m`t`es, Iagm, Ekv`raklektgm Ram`iy , Imegkteif ,Teiyim`ko , Rudm`i5 Fegmtf, Ekv`raklekt , _gter , T`sc Lgkgoelekt , Ekeroy , Ekeroy gkh Eiakaly , Juems, Ram`t`is& Meo`smgt`ak, iagm gsf, oaverklektgm reoumgt`aks , wgter pammut`ak 75 92 2 85 Yiatt Ymes k oer, M eo`smgt`ve H`reitar, _gsf` kotak, HI

ERG fgs gkkaukieh tfgt tfe twa pr`lgry ekigpsumgteh uses aj iagm gsf gre sgje, sa reiyimersfgve ka meo`t`lgte relg`k`ko groulekts ta suppart tfe`r prev`aus requests jar g wegc iagm gsf72rume.

Ake aj tfe d`o `ssues prapgogteh dy tfe iagm durk`ko ut`m`ty `khustry, `s tfgt reoumgt`ko iagm gsf

wgste gs g fgzgrhaus wgste waumh furt tfe lgrcet jar reiyim`ko aj iagm gsf. Evek sale `k tfeekv`raklektgm ialluk`ty dem`eve tfgt `j saletf`ko `s fgzgrhaus gs g wgste, `t waumh defgzgrhaus `k g prahuit. Xf`s saukhs mao`igm dut fgppeks kat gmwgys ta de tfe igse. Xfere `s g75regsak wgste igk de luif lare fgrljum tfgk tfe sgle ifel`igm `k g prahuit3 `t `s tfe sgle gsifelatfergpy hruos3 `lpartgkt gkh sgje wfek useh iarreitmy, tax`i wfek tfey gre ka makoeruseh, sa h`spasgm lust de hake igrejummy.

Xfe cey ta tfe sgje use aj iagm gsf `s ekigpsumgt`ak . Ekigpsumgt`ak `s tfe teifkamaoy tfgt `suseh gt ERG-reoumgteh fgzgrhaus wgste mgkhj`mms ta lgce sure tfgt `j tfe tax`i wgste oets wet,42wf`if `t haes, `t `s daukh gt tfe lameiumgr mevem `kta gk `ksamudme ialpaukh tfgt w`mm kat gmmawtfe tax`is emelekts ta megif ta iaktgl`kgte ukheroraukh wgter sauries ar surjgie wgters.

Xf`s `s tfe sgle teifkamaoy useh `k ekigpsumgt`ko jmy gsf gkh JOH smuhoe `k iakirete gkhwgmmdagrh. Xferejare, `t wgs kat g surpr`se ta le tfgt ERG jaukh tfgt tfe use aj jmy gsf `kiakirete gkh wgmmdagrh `s ka lare g tfregt tfgk tfe rgw lgter`gms `t repmgies. Evek `j iagm gsf45useh `k iakstruit`ak `s helam`sfeh, `t st`mm w`mm kat megif tax`is, deiguse evek `j pumver`zeh, `t `skat dracek hawk demaw tfe lameiumgr mevem.

Xfe ERG stuhy , remegseh Jedrugry ?, 4278 `s ekt`tmeh "Letfahamaoy jar Evgmugt`koEkigpsumgteh Dekej`i`gm Uses aj Iagm Ialdust`ak Tes`hugms" gkh gk giialpgky`ko haiulekt,"Iagm Ialdust`ak Tes`hugm Dekej`i`gm Use Evgmugt`ak> Jmy Gsf Iakirete gkh Sjmue ogs92hesumjur`zgt`ak (JOH) Oypsul _gmmdagrh," gppm`es tfe kew letfahamaoy ta tfase prgit`ies.

Xfe r`sc evgmugt`ak haiulekt iakimuhes tfgt "ekv`raklektgm remegses aj iakst`tuekts aj patekt`gm iakierk (IARI) jral IIT jmy gsf iakirete gkh JOH oypsul wgmmdagrh hur`ko use dy tfe iaksuler gre ialpgrgdme ta ar mawer tfgk tfase jral gkgmaoaus kak-IIT prahuits, argre gt ar demaw remevgkt reoumgtary gkh fegmtf-dgseh dekiflgrcs jar fulgk gkh eiamao`igm95reieptars."

http://theenergycollective.com/nrdcswitchboard/340971/coal-ash-why-it-better-recycled-wastehttp://theenergycollective.com/all/4813http://theenergycollective.com/all/4813http://theenergycollective.com/all/4813http://theenergycollective.com/all/13045http://theenergycollective.com/all/13045http://theenergycollective.com/all/13045http://theenergycollective.com/all/4790http://theenergycollective.com/all/4790http://theenergycollective.com/all/4790http://theenergycollective.com/all/4799http://theenergycollective.com/all/4799http://theenergycollective.com/all/4799http://theenergycollective.com/all/13049http://theenergycollective.com/all/13049http://theenergycollective.com/all/4809http://theenergycollective.com/all/4809http://theenergycollective.com/all/4809http://theenergycollective.com/all/13046http://theenergycollective.com/all/13046http://theenergycollective.com/all/13046http://theenergycollective.com/all/13046http://theenergycollective.com/all/15418http://theenergycollective.com/all/15418http://theenergycollective.com/all/15418http://theenergycollective.com/all/10763http://theenergycollective.com/all/10763http://theenergycollective.com/all/10763http://theenergycollective.com/all/15402http://theenergycollective.com/all/15402http://theenergycollective.com/all/15402http://theenergycollective.com/all/4794http://theenergycollective.com/all/4794http://theenergycollective.com/all/4794http://theenergycollective.com/all/4795http://theenergycollective.com/all/4795http://theenergycollective.com/all/4795http://theenergycollective.com/all/15417http://theenergycollective.com/all/15417http://theenergycollective.com/all/15417http://theenergycollective.com/all/4808http://theenergycollective.com/all/4808http://theenergycollective.com/all/4808http://theenergycollective.com/all/4808http://theenergycollective.com/all/7919http://theenergycollective.com/all/7919http://theenergycollective.com/all/7919http://theenergycollective.com/all/20476http://theenergycollective.com/all/20476http://theenergycollective.com/all/20476http://theenergycollective.com/all/10274http://theenergycollective.com/all/10274http://theenergycollective.com/all/10274http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/6a5375ff509189a185257c7800562d51!OpenDocumenthttp://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/6a5375ff509189a185257c7800562d51!OpenDocumenthttp://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/sslesinger/what_happens_to_the_toxics_tha.htmlhttp://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/sslesinger/what_happens_to_the_toxics_tha.htmlhttp://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/sslesinger/what_happens_to_the_toxics_tha.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/imr/ccps/pdfs/ccr_bu_eval.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/imr/ccps/pdfs/ccr_bu_eval.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/imr/ccps/pdfs/ccr_bu_eval.pdfhttp://theenergycollective.com/nrdcswitchboard/340971/coal-ash-why-it-better-recycled-wastehttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/imr/ccps/pdfs/ccr_bu_eval.pdfhttp://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/sslesinger/what_happens_to_the_toxics_tha.htmlhttp://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/6a5375ff509189a185257c7800562d51!OpenDocumenthttp://theenergycollective.com/all/10274http://theenergycollective.com/all/20476http://theenergycollective.com/all/7919http://theenergycollective.com/all/4808http://theenergycollective.com/all/4808http://theenergycollective.com/all/15417http://theenergycollective.com/all/4795http://theenergycollective.com/all/4794http://theenergycollective.com/all/15402http://theenergycollective.com/all/10763http://theenergycollective.com/all/15418http://theenergycollective.com/all/13046http://theenergycollective.com/all/13046http://theenergycollective.com/all/4809http://theenergycollective.com/all/13049http://theenergycollective.com/all/4799http://theenergycollective.com/all/4790http://theenergycollective.com/all/13045http://theenergycollective.com/all/4813

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Dgseh ak tfe iakimus`ak aj tfe gkgmys`s `k tf`s haiulekt stgteh gdave, gkh tfe gvg`mgdmeekv`raklektgm gkh eiakal`i dekej`ts, ERG supparts tfe dekej`i`gm use aj iagm jmy gsf `kiakirete gkh JOH oypsul `k wgmmdagrh."

KTHI, gs wemm gs tfe Oreek Du`mh`ko Iauki`m, goree tfgt reiyimeh jmy gsf `k du`mh`ko lgter`gms

`s super`ar ta gmterkgt`ves. Teoumgt`ko tfe h`spasgm aj jmy gsf sfaumh rg`se tfe pr`ie aj h`spasgm5gkh tferejare ekiaurgoe lare ialpgk`es ta reiyime jmy gsf. Yuif reuse w`mm prateit aur g`r gkhwgter gkh mawer oreekfause el`ss`aks dy mawer`ko tfe igrdak `kputs `kta ielekt.

Xfe iagm gsf reiyimers sfaumh suppart ERGs reoumgt`ak aj iagm gsf h`spasgm `kstegh ajiakt`ku`ko hawk tfe ragh w`tf tfe ut m`t`es. Xfe ut`m`t`es gre very fgppy w`tf tfe presekt wegcstgkhgrhs wf`if, kat surpr`s`komy, meh ta tfe reiekt sp`mm `k Kartf Igram`kg `k tfe Hgk T`ver. @t `s72t`le tfese ialpgk`es spekt tfe`r lakey uporgh`ko tfe`r jgi`m`t`es rgtfer tfgk maddy`ko Iakoressta ceep Gler`igks gt r`sc jral tfe`r uksgje prgit`ies.

75

42

45

92

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Dy-prahuit Xregtlekt Z`g Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he Rgtekt HaiulektJ`m`ko Hgte> 29/79/4279 Kat`ie aj Gmmawgkie Hgte> 24/79/4278

Gttarkey Haicet Kulder IAOI.225RG

Iakj`rlgt`ak Kulder> 09:9

Gppm`igt`ak/Iaktram Kulder> 79/627,66? Grt Uk`t> 7?975Rgtekt Gttarkey> Irgwjarh Lguku RMMI,

7752 Kartfmgkh Hr., Yu`te 722, Yt. Rgum, LK 55742

Gspeits aj vgr`aus eldah`lekts gre h`reiteh ta tfe tregtlekt aj dy-prahuits us`ko72

igmi`ul pamysumj`he. Xf`s gppm`igt`ak img`ls tfe dekej`t aj U.Y. Rrav`s`akgm Gppm igt`ak Ka.

:7/:72,846, j`meh Lgrif 79, 4274 wf`if `s `kiarpargteh fere`k dy rejerekie `k `ts ekt`rety.

DGICOTAUKH

G vgr`ety aj praiesses gre oekergteh dy-prahuits tfgt gre fgrljum ar atferw`se75

ukhes`rgdme. Jar exglpme, tfe prahuit`ak aj emeitr`i ty dy iagm j`reh prahuit`ak pmgkts iregtes

dy-prahuit lgter`gms iaktg`k`ko tax`i wgste. Gs iagm `s durkeh, tax`i fegvy letgms suif gs

Leriury, Grsek`i, Ighl`ul, Megh gkh atfer sudstgkies deiale ogses. Lameiumes aj tfese

ogses iaam `k exfgust systels gkh iammeit w`tf j`ke gsf pgrt`imes ta lgce jmy gsf. Fegvy gsfes

jgmm hur`ko iagm ialdust`ak ta iregte dattal gsf. Xfese lgter`gms gre ajtek stareh `k p`mes ar k42

pakhs gt prahuit`ak jgi`m`t`es. Xfe presekie aj tfese s`tes iregtes g patekt`gm fgzgrh ta fulgk

papumgt`aks, gt megst `k pgrt hue ta tfe gd`m`ty aj tax`ks ta h`ssamve `k wgter suppm`es. Akie `k

wgter suppm`es, tfe tax`ks igk deiale g tfregt.

Gs gkatfer exglpme, smgo p`mes gkh atfer dy-prahuits aj `khustr`gm praiesses suif gs

l`k`ko, letgm slemt`ko gkh rej`k`ko igk pase patekt`gm pradmels. Jar `kstgkie, tax`i megh,45

grsek`i, iapper, semek`ul gkh atfer iaktgl`kgt`ak lgy de oekergteh jral suif praiesses.

Xfese gkh atfer lgtters fgve presekteh ifgmmekoes ta lgkgo`ko dy-prahuits aj g vgr`ety ajgppm`igt`aks.

YULLGTP92

Zgr`aus exglpme eldah`lekts gre h`reiteh ta letfahs gkh gppgrgtuses jar tregt`ko

wgste dy-prahuits.

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@k giiarhgkie w`tf ake ar lare exglpme eldah`lekts, keogt`vemy-ifgroeh igmi`ul

pamysumj`he `s regiteh w`tf tax`ks ta iregte kak-samudme sumj`he-dgseh irystgms. @k sale

`lpmelektgt`aks, tfese kak-samudme irystgms gre maiceh `k g lgter`gm gs fyhrgt`ak `s ialpmeteh.

Xfe irystgms ejjeit`vemy rekher tfe tax`ks `ksamudme `k wgter, l`t`ogt`ko `ssues remgt`ko ta wgter-

darke iaktgl`kgt`ak.5

Gkatfer exglpme eldah`lekt `s h`reiteh ta g letfah gs jammaws. G dy-prahuit type

sudstgkie `s rekhereh `ksamudme `k wgter dy l`x`ko tfe dy-prahuit `k wgter w`tf igmi`ul

pamysumj`he, jarl`ko keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur gkh pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh `aks, tfe pas`t`vemy-

ifgroeh `aks `kimuh`ko g lgter`gm jral tfe dy-prahuit sudstgkie, gkh iregt`ko kak-samudme

sumj`he irystgms dy regit`ko tfe keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur w`tf tfe pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh `aks. G

igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte `s jarleh w`tf tfe kak-samudme sumj`he irystgms, gkh tfe igmi`ul s`m`igte

fyhrgte `s useh ta jarl tfe iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm.

Xfe gdave h`siuss`ak/sullgry `s kat `ktekheh ta hesir`de egif eldah`lekt ar every

`lpmelektgt`ak aj tfe presekt h`simasure. Xfe j`oures gkh hetg`meh hesir`pt`ak tfgt jammaw gmsa

exelpm`jy vgr`aus eldah`lekts.

DT@EJ HEYIT@RX@AK AJ XFE J@OUTEY72

Zgr`aus exglpme eldah`lekts lgy de lare ialpmetemy ukherstaah `k iaks`hergt`ak aj

tfe jammaw`ko hetg`meh hesir`pt`ak `k iakkeit`ak w`tf tfe giialpgky`ko hrgw`kos, `k wf`if> J@O. 7 sfaws g letfah jar tregt`ko g dy-prahuit, `k giiarhgkie w`tf gk exglpme

eldah`lekt3 gkh

J@O. 4 sfaws g letfah jar jarl`ko g iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm, `k giiarhgkie w`tf75

gkatfer exglpme eldah`lekt.

_f`me vgr`aus eldah`lekts h`siusseh fere`k gre glekgdme ta lah`j`igt`aks gkh

gmterkgt`ve jarls, gspeits tfereaj fgve deek sfawk dy wgy aj exglpme `k tfe hrgw`kos gkh w`mm

de hesir`deh `k hetg`m. @t sfaumh de ukherstaah, fawever, tfgt tfe `ktekt`ak `s kat ta m`l`t tfe

`kvekt`ak ta tfe pgrt`iumgr eldah`lekts hesir`deh. Ak tfe iaktrgry, tfe `ktekt`ak s ta iaver gmm42

lah`j`igt`aks, equ`vgmekts, gkh gmterkgt`ves jgmm`ko w`tf`k tfe siape aj tfe h`simasure `kimuh`ko

gspeits hej`keh `k tfe img`ls. @k ghh`t`ak, t fe terl exglpme gs useh tfrauofaut tf`s

gppm`igt`ak `s akmy dy wgy aj `mmustrgt`ak, gkh kat m`l`tgt`ak.

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HEXG@MEH HEYIT@RX@AK

Gspeits aj tfe presekt h`simasure gre dem`eveh ta de gppm`igdme ta g vgr`ety aj h`jjerekt

types aj gppgrgtuses, systels gkh letfahs `kvamv`ko tfe tregtlekt aj tax`ks gkh/ar atfer types

aj ialpakekts hes`rgdmy rekhereh `ksamudme, gkh tfe oekergt`ak aj du`mh`ko lgter`gms us`ko

resumt`ko tregteh prahuits. _f`me kat keiessgr`my sa m`l`teh, vgr`aus gspeits lgy de gpprei`gteh5

tfrauof g h`siuss`ak aj exglpmes us`ko tf`s iaktext.

Zgr`aus exglpme eldah`lekts gre h`reiteh ta lgkujgitur`ko du`mh`ko lgter`gms suif gs

iakirete du`mh`ko lgter`gms dy reiyim`ko `khustr`gm wgste dy-prahuits ut`m`z`ko igmi`ul

pamysumj`he. @k giiarhgkie w`tf ake ar lare eldah`lekts, `t fgs deek h`siavereh/reiaok`zeh

tfgt tax`ks gre rekhereh kak-v`gdme gs fulgk pgtfaoeks dy regit`ko tfe tax`ks ta iregte kak-72

samudme sumj`he irystgms maiceh `k g fyhrgte lgter`gm gs fyhrgt`ak `s ialpmeteh, gkh jurtfer tfgt

tfe resumt`ko lgter`gm igk de useh `k iakirete-type prahuits. Xfe sumj`hes gre kat samudme `k

wgter gkh gre maiceh `kta pas`t`ak w`tf`k tfe fyhrgte lgter`gm w`tfaut tfe gd`m`ty ta regh`my

esigpe ar ifgkoe `k stgte. Xf`s gppragif lgy, jar exglpme, de useh ta l`t`ogte ar em`l`kgte tfe

gd`m`ty aj tfe tax`k ta h`ssamve `kta wgter gkh trgvem `kta oraukh wgter suppm`es. Xfe resumt`ko75

irystgms gre `lpmelekteh `k g du`mh`ko prahuit.

@k sale eldah`lekts, g du`mh`ko prahuit `s oekergteh gs jammaws jral g iagm-j`reh

emeitr`i`ty prahuit`ak pmgkt. Gs tfe iagm `s durkeh, tax`i fegvy letgms suif gs Leriury,

Grsek`i, Ighl`ul, Megh gkh atfer sudstgkies deiale ogses, wf`if iammeit w`tf j`ke gsf pgrt`imes ta lgce jmy gsf upak iaam`ko. Fegvy gsfes jgmm hur`ko iagm ialdust`ak ta iregte42

dattal gsf. Xfese lgter`gms lgy, jar exglpme, de stareh `k p`mes ar `k pakhs gt prahuit`ak

jgi`m`t`es. Xfe dattal gsf `s regiteh w`tf g keogt`vemy ifgroeh h`gk`ak aj sumjur, Y (4-), `k g

f`ofmy gmcgm`ke samut`ak, Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he, gkh maiceh `k g resumt`ko irystgm.

@k atfer eldah`lekts, g du`mh`ko prahuit `s oekergteh jral ake ar lare aj smgo p`mes

gkh atfer dy-prahuits, gs lgy de jarleh hur`ko l`k`ko, letgm slemt`ko gkh rej`k`ko. Xfe smgo45

gkh/ar atfer dy-prahuits `s/gre regiteh w`tf g keogt`vemy ifgroeh h`gk`ak aj sumjur, Y (4-), `k g

f`ofmy gmcgm`ke samut`ak, Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he, gkh maiceh `k g resumt`ko irystgm. Yuif

gppragifes igk de useh ta rekher fegvy letgms ksamudme `k wgter. Xfese fegvy letgms igk de

dakheh w`tf keogt`vemy-ifgroeh Yumjur `aks `k gk gmcgm`ke samut`ak us`ko igmi`ul pamysumj`he,

y`emh`ko kak-tax`i letgm sumj`hes.92

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Xurk`ko kaw ta tfe j`oures, J`oure 7 sfaws g letfah jar tregt`ko g dy-prahuit, `k

giiarhgkie w`tf gkatfer exglpme eldah`lekt. Gt dmaic 772, g dy-prahuit suif gs hesir`deh

fere`k `s rekhereh `ksamudme `k wgter gs jammaws. Xfe dy-prahuit `s l`xeh w`tf igmi`ul

pamysumj`he `k wgter gt dmaic 774. Gt dmaic 778, keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur gkh pas`t`vemy-

ifgroeh dy-prahuit `aks gre jarleh. Kak-samudme sumj`he irystgms gre jarleh gt dmaic 77:,5

us`ko tfe respeit`ve `aks. Gjter tfe dy-prahuit `s rekhereh `ksamudme, tfe praiess iakt`kues gt

dmaic 742, `k wf`if igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte `s jarleh jral tfe sumj`he irystgms. Jurtfer, `k

giiarhgkie w`tf ake ar lare eldah`lekts, tfe igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte `s tfek useh gt dmaic

792 dy jarl`ko g iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm tferejral.

J@O. 4 sfaws g letfah jar jarl`ko g iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm, `k giiarhgkie w`tf72

gkatfer exglpme eldah`lekt. Gt dmaic 472, ialpakekts gre gsseldmeh jar lgc`ko g iakirete-

dgseh prahuit, suif gs dy jarl`ko g wgter-`ksamudme lgter`gm gs hesir`deh fere`k ar sfawk `k

J`oure 7. Gt dmaic 442, hry ialpakekts jral dmaic 472 gre iald`keh `k g iaktg`ker, gkh tfe

ialpakekts gre dmekheh gt dmaic 492 (w`tf ar w`tfaut omgss re`kjarielekt). Igmi`ul

Ramysumj`he `s ghheh gt dmaic 482. @j tfe Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he `s wet gt dmaic 482, tfe samut`ak75

w`tf igmi`ul pamysumj`he `s dmekheh w`tf tfe ialpakekts gt dmaic 452, gkh pmgieh `k g jarl

(e.o. , w`tf ar w`tfaut re`kjarielekt) gt dmaic 454. Xfe lgter`gm `s tfek igst `k tfe jarl gkh

relaveh gt dmaic 458.

@j tfe igmi`ul pamysumj`he `s kat wet gt dmaic 482, pawhereh m`le (IgA) gkh pawherehsumjur (Y) gre ghheh gt dmaic 4:2. Xfe hry ialpakekts gre dmekheh gt dmaic 4:4, gkh wgter `s42

ghheh w`tf gmm ialpakekts de`ko dmekheh ialpmetemy gt dmaic 4:8. Xfe praiess tfek iakt`kues

gs hesir`deh gdave, gt dmaic 454.

@k ake ar lare eldah`lekts suif gs tfase hesir`deh gdave, Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he `s

heorgheh ta iregte Igmi`ul Fyhrax`he gkh emelektgm Yumjur `k gqueaus samut`ak. Keogt`vemy-

ifgroeh Yumjur `aks gre dakheh ta pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh `aks aj tax`i sudstgkies ( e.o. , `k f`ofmy45

gmcgm`ke gqueaus samut`ak) ta iregte sumj`hes. Yumj`hes lgy, jar exglpme, de s`l`mgr ta sumj`he

ares tfgt gre ialleri`gmmy l`keh jar use `k extrgit`ko ar slemt`ko letgms jar `khustr`gm use.

Dy wgy aj exglpme, ake suif gppragif `kvamves regit`ko emelektgm Leriury w`tf sumj`he

ta iregte Leriury Yumj`he, I`kkgdgr>

Fo + Y -; FoY,92

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`k wf`if pas`t`ve Leriury aks dakh ta keogt`ve Yumjur `aks. @k tfe Yumj`he jarl, tfe Leriury

rekhereh `ksamudme `k wgter gkh haes kat pase g tfregt ta d`amao`igm arogk`sls.

@k atfer eldah`lekts, g regit`ak s`l`mgr ta tfgt h`siusseh gdave `s igrr`eh aut w`tf atfer

tax`i ar patekt`gmmy tax`i sudstgkie tfgt presekts `tsemj gs g pas`t`vemy ifgroeh `ak `k gk ax`hgteh

stgte (suif gs wfek pmgieh `k fyhrax`he samut`ak). Xfe tax`i sudstgkies gre regiteh ta jarl5

Yumj`hes, gkh tfe irystgmm`zeh sudstgkie `s maiceh `kta Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte. @k sale

eldah`lekts, tfe Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte igk tfek de `lpmelekteh `k g iakirete-dgseh

iakstruit`ak ialpakekt ( e.o. , w`tf lad`me iakirete prahuit`ak jgi`m`t`es, iakirete prahuit`ak

pmgkts ar ak iakstruit`ak s`tes).

Zgr`aus eldah`lekts gre h`reiteh ta g f`of strekotf, m`oft we`oft lgter`gm w`tf wgter72

gkh ifel`igm res`stgkie prapert`es. Xfe lgter`gm `s lghe jral khustr`gm dy-prahuits suif gs

tax`i wgste tfgt fgs deek releh`gteh ar rekhereh kak-v`gdme gs g fulgk pgtfaoek. @k sale

`lpmelektgt`aks, tfe lgter`gm `s lamheh `kta gkh/ar atferw`se useh `k du`mh`ko lgter`gms suif gs

iakirete lgsakry uk`ts, preigst iakirete struiturgm systels, mgkhsigpe giiekts, f`ofwgys, raghs,

dr`hoes, trgjj`i dgrr`ers, iakirete sgjety m`kers jar jrgic`ko wemms, steem re`kjarielekt,75

jaukhgt`aks, iamh wegtfer lgter`gms w`tf l`t`ogteh expgks`ak gkh iaktrgit`ak ifgrgiter`st`is,

gkh atfer iakirete-type prahuits. Yuif lgter`gms igk de useh k m`eu aj ielekt, l`t`ogt`ko

ielekt-dgseh prahuit`ak gkh use lgtters.

@k vgr`aus eldah`lekts, g Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte gs prahuieh fere`k `s jarleh `ktaiakirete du`mh`ko lgter`gms, paureh gs smgds gkh useh `k hetg`meh igst`ko gkh jarl warc. Xfe42

lgter`gm igk iregte du`mh`kos, stgh`uls, f`ofwgys, dr`hoes, raghs, iurds, s`hewgmcs, jaukhgt`aks,

wgmms, jekies, trgjj`i dgrr`ers, stgtues, lakulekts, lahumgr iakstruit`ak systels, ifel`igmmy

res`stgkt gppm`igt`aks suif gs smgds `k a`m rej`ker`es gkh ifel`igm prahuit`ak pmgkts, gkh atfer

prahuits suif gs h`siusseh fere`k gkh `k tfe ukhermy`ko prav`s`akgm gppm`igt`ak ta wf`if dekej`t

`s img`leh.45

@k giiarhgkie w`tf suif iakirete-type prahuit lgkujgitur`ko eldah`lekts, ake ar

lare aj tfe jammaw`ko ialpakekts gre l`xeh `k vgr`aus prapart`aks ta iregte iakirete l`x

hes`oks aj vgr`aus strekotfs gkh iaks`steki`es jar use `k iakstruit`ak lgter`gms>

7. Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he, IgYx, `k gqueaus samut`ak

4. Imgss J Jmy Gsf (g pazzgmgk)92

9. Imgss I Jmy Gsf (g pazzamgk)

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Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt, wf`if `kimuhes g pawher tfgt igk de l`xeh w`tf wgter, sgkh gkh

irusfeh raic ta jarl iakirete. Irusfeh gooreogte `s useh `k iakirete l`x hes`oks gs j`mmer gkh

ta `kiregse tfe ialpress`ve strekotf dy `kimuh`ko f`of strekotf lgter`gms w`tf tfe ielekt`ko

goekts. Irusfeh gooreogte lgy de aj vgr`aus s`zes gkh vgr`aus types `k vgr`aus glaukts.

H`jjerekt types aj vamigk`i raic gkh smgo gooreogte igk de ghheh `k h`jjerekt s`zes ta ejjeit5

strekotf, texture, iamar gkh j`kgm we`oft aj tfe lgter`gm.

@k iertg`k eldah`lekts, tfe ialpakekts aj tfe letfah iale taoetfer ta suppmy Yumjur

`k g keogt`vemy ifgroeh `ak ta dakh w`tf pas`t`vemy ifgroeh tax`i `aks turk`ko tfel `kta kak-

fgrljum sumj`hes. Xfe Yumj`hes gre maiceh `k g iakirete-m`ce lgter`gm, suif gs dy g pazzamgk`i

regit`ak gkh/ar gs jammaws>72

IF + YF -; IYF,

`k wf`if Igmi`ul Fyhrax`he regits w`tf Y`m`igte Fyhrax`he ta jarl Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte.

Xfe s`m`igtes l`x w`tf fyhrax`he ta iregte s`m`igte fyhrax`he. Xfe Igmi`ul Fyhrax`he jral tfe

Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he samut`ak regits w`tf tfe Y`m`igte Fyhrax`he ta iregte Igmi`ul Y`m`igte

Fyhrgte.75

Giiarh`komy, vgr`aus eldah`lekts gre h`reiteh ta rekher`ko tax`ks fgrlmess gs fulgk

pgtfaoeks w`tf tfe use aj Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he, gkh dakh`ko resumt`ko ialpakekts taoetfer ta

iregte prgit`igm iakstruit`ak lgter gms. H`jjerekt lgter`gms igk de l`xeh `k h`jjerekt glaukts

w`tf Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he ta em`l`kgte fegvy letgm tax`ks gkh iregte du`mh`ko lgter`gms aj

vgr`aus strekotfs, s`zes, uses, iamars, textures gkh atfer ifgrgiter`st`is.42

Xfe resumt`ko iakirete-dgseh lgter`gms igk de `lpmelekteh `k g vgr`ety aj lgkkers, suif

gs dy l`x`ko tfe ialpakekts w`tf wgter gkh pmgi`ko tfe wet lgter`gm `kta jarl warc s`l`mgr ta

karlgm iakirete iakstruit`ak letfahs. @k sale eldah`lekts, hry ialpakekts igk gmsa de

pgiceh `kta jarls gkh m`qu`h Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he gppm`eh ta tfe pgiceh lgter`gm ta iguse g

ifel`igm regit`ak. @k iertg`k eldah`lekts, gmm ialpakekts gre l`xeh `k hry jarl kimuh`ko45

pawhereh Igmi`ul Ax`he gkh pawhereh Yumjur `k g prel`xeh jarl, gkh wgter `s ghheh tajgi`m`tgte regit`aks suif gs hesir`deh gdave. Xfe hry Igmi`ul Ax`he gkh Yumjur taoetfer w`tf

wgter iakst`tute Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he, gkh tfe keogt`vemy ifgroeh `ak aj Yumjur w`mm de presekteh

`k f`ofmy gmcgm`ke gqueaus samut`ak.

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@k sale eldah`lekts, igmi`ul pamysumj`he `s `kneiteh `k-s`tu `kta oraukh iaktg`k`ko

f`of mevems aj s`m`igte lgter`gms gkh useh ta iregte iakirete, suif gs ta prav`he dgrr`ers ta dmaic

tfe lavelekt aj ukheroraukh `kseits suif gs terl`tes.

@k iertg`k eldah`lekts, struitures us`ko vgr`gt`aks aj m`le iakirete tfgt `s dgseh upak g

pazzamgk`i regit`ak gre strekotfekeh us`ko gppragifes gs hesir`deh fere`k ta jarl g ielekt-m`ce5

lgter`gm. Xfe lgter`gms l`l`i ifgrgiter`st is aj gkh ghfere ta pazzamgk`i l`xtures, us`ko g

pazzamgk`i regit`ak gs hesir`deh fere`k.

@k atfer eldah`lekts, iakirete-type prahuits gre jarleh ukherwgter us`ko gppragifes

gs hesir`deh fere`k. _gterpraaj-type gkh ifel`igm res`stgkt-type prapert`es aj igmi`ul s`m`igte

fyhrgte jgi`m`tgte tfe ukherwgter jarlgt`ak. _gter `s pummeh `kta tfe lgss ukt`m gmm m`le fgs72

smgceh ta iregte Igmi`ul Fyhrax`he. Xfe Igmi`ul Fyhrax`he `s useh ta dakh s`m`igtes ta iregte

Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte, w`tf tfe resumt`ko lgter`gm de`ko `ksamudme `k (gkh/ar kat gjjeiteh dy)

wgter.

Dgseh upak tfe gdave h`siuss`ak gkh `mmustrgt`aks, tfase sc`mmeh `k tfe grt w`mm regh`my

reiaok`ze tfgt vgr`aus lah`j`igt`aks gkh ifgkoes lgy de lghe ta tfe vgr`aus eldah`lekts75

w`tfaut str`itmy jammaw`ko tfe exelpmgry eldah`lekts gkh gppm`igt`aks `mmustrgteh gkh hesir`deh

fere`k. Jar exglpme, g vgr`ety aj h`jjerekt types aj tax`ks igk de regiteh w`tf igmi`ul

pamysumj`he, gkh useh ta maic `k gkh rekher g sudstgkie kak-samudme `k wgter. Yt`mm atfer

eldah`lekts gre h`reiteh ta ake ar lare gspeits gs hesir`deh ar sfawk `k tfe j`oures `k tfeU.Y. Rrav`s`akgm Rgtekt Gppm`igt`ak Yer`gm Ka. :7/:72,846, ta wf`if pr`ar`ty `s img`leh gkh42

wf`if `s jummy kiarpargteh fere`k dy rejerekie. Yuif lah`j`igt`aks ha kat hepgrt jral tfe true

sp`r`t gkh siape aj vgr`aus gspeits aj tfe `kvekt`ak, `kimuh`ko gspeits set jartf `k tfe img`ls.

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_FGX @Y IMG@LEH>

7. (Ar`o`kgm) G letfah ialpr`s`ko> rekher`ko g dy-prahuit sudstgkie `ksamudme `k wgter dy

l`x`ko tfe dy-prahuit `k wgter w`tf igmi`ul pamysumj`he, jarl`ko keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur gkh

pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh `aks, tfe pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh `aks `kimuh`ko g lgter`gm jral tfe dy-prahuit

sudstgkie, iregt`ko kak-samudme sumj`he irystgms dy regit`ko tfe keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur w`tf

tfe pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh `aks3 jarl`ko g igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte w`tf tfe kak-samudme sumj`he

irystgms3 gkh jarl`ko g iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm w`tf tfe igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte.

4. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7, wfere`k tfe dy-prahuit `kimuhes jmy gsf.

9. Xfe letfah aj img`l 4, wfere`k jarl`ko g iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm `kimuhes jarl`ko g

iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm tfgt `s sudstgkt`gmmy heva`h aj Rartmgkh ielekt.

8. Xfe letfah aj img`l 4, wfere`k iregt`ko kak-samudme sumj`he irystgms `kimuhes ut`m`z`ko

tfe jmy gsf gkh jarl`ko kak-samudme Yemek`ul.

5. Xfe letfah aj img`l 4, wfere`k tfe jmy gsf `kimuhes imgss J gkh imgss I jmy gsf.5

:. Xfe letfah aj img`l 4, wfere`k tfe jmy gsf `kimuhes gmul`kul ax`he.

?. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7, wfere`k jarl`ko g iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm `kimuhes ut`m`z`ko gt

megst ake aj vamigk`i raic, pul`ie gkh g pazzamgk.72

6. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7, wfere`k jarl`ko keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur gkh pas`t`vemy-

ifgroeh `aks `kimuhes jarl`ko igmi`ul fyhrax`he ut`m`z`ko tfe igmi`ul pamysumj`he gkh dakh`ko

fyhraoek `aks jral tfe igmi`ul fyhrax`he w`tf tfe keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur ta iregte

fyhraoek sumj`he.75

0. Xfe letfah aj img`l 6, wfere`k jarl`ko g igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte `kimuhes ut`m`z`ko tfe

fyhraoek sumj`he w`tf fegvy letgm `aks ta prahuie kak-samudme sumj`he ialpaukhs.

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72. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7, wfere`k tfe dy-prahuit `kimuhes jmy gsf, gkh jarl`ko tfe

igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte `kimuhes regit`ko lgter`gm jral tfe jmy gsf w`tf igmi`ul `k g fyhrax`he.

77. Xfe letfah aj img`l 72, wfere`k l`x`ko tfe dy-prahuit `k wgter w`tf igmi`ul5

pamysumj`he `kimuhes jarl`ko g igmi`ul pamysumj`he samut`ak, jurtfer kimuh`ko smgc`ko tfe jmy gsf

w`tf wgter `k tfe igmi`ul pamysumj`he samut`ak ta iregte igmi`ul fyhrax`he, gkh gjter tfe smgc`ko,

dakh`ko relg`k`ko jmy gsf ta jarl tfe igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte.

74. Xfe letfah aj img`l 77, wfere`k smgc`ko tfe jmy gsf w`tf wgter `kimuhes em`l`kgt`ko72

gdaut gmm wgter `s em`l`kgteh jral tfe samut`ak v`g regit`ak w`tf tfe jmy gsf.

79. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7, wfere`k tfe dy-prahuit `kimuhes jmy-gsf fgv`ko m`le, gkh

wfere`k jarl`ko tfe iakirete dgseh lgter`gm `kimuhes smgc`ko gdaut gmm tfe m`le `k tfe dy-

prahuit lgter`gm w`tf wgter.75

78. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7, wfere`k tfe dy-prahuit `kimuhes gt megst ake aj> fulgk

pgtfaoeks gkh smgo.

75. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7, jurtfer `kimuh`ko, gjter jarl`ko tfe iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm, `k

respakse ta wgter `ktrahuieh ta g irgic `k tfe iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm, `ktergit tfe iakirete-

dgseh lgter`gm w`tf tfe wgter ta jarl tfe iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm `k tfe irgic.

7:. G letfah jar jarl`ko struiturgm iakirete, tfe letfah ialpr`s`ko>

l`x`ko jmy gsf w`tf g samut`ak `kimuh`ko igmi`ul pamysumj`he gkh wgter3 jarl`ko keogt`vemy-

ifgroeh sumjur gkh pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh fyhraoek `aks jral tfe l`xeh jmy gsf gkh samut`ak3

iregt`ko kak-samudme sumj`he irystgms dy regit`ko tfe keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur w`tf tfe

pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh `aks3 jarl`ko g igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte w`tf tfe kak-samudme sumj`he irystgms3

gkh jarl`ko g iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm w`tf tfe igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte.

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7?. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7:, wfere`k jarl`ko tfe igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte `kimuhes regit`ko

igmi`ul fyhrax`he w`tf s`m`igte fyhrax`he.

76. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7?, jurtfer `kimuh`ko jarl`ko tfe igmi`ul fyhrax`he dy smgc`ko tfe

jmy gsf w`tf wgter `k tfe igmi`ul pamysumj`he samut`ak.

70. Xfe letfah aj img`l 7:, wfere`k tfe steps aj jarl`ko keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur gkh

pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh fyhraoek `aks gkh iregt`ko tfe kak-samudme sumj`he irystgms `kimuhe5

jarl`ko igmi`ul fyhrax`he ut`m`z`ko tfe igmi`ul pamysumj`he, gkh dakh`ko fyhraoek `aks jral

tfe igmi`ul fyhrax`he w`tf tfe keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur ta iregte fyhraoek sumj`he.

42. Gk `kterleh`gte grt`ime aj lgkujgiture jar use `k jarl`ko g iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm, tfe

grt`ime aj lgkujgiture ialpr`s`ko> keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur gkh pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh fyhraoek72

`aks `k g l`xture aj jmy gsf w`tf g samut`ak `kimuh`ko igmi`ul pamysumj`he gkh wgter3 kak-samudme

sumj`he irystgms `kimuh`ko ialpakekts aj tfe keogt`vemy-ifgroeh sumjur regiteh w`tf tfe

pas`t`vemy-ifgroeh `aks3 gkh g igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte `kimuh`ko tfe kak-samudme sumj`he

irystgms, tfe igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte de`ko iakj`oureh gkh grrgkoeh prav`he struiturgm suppart

dy jarl`ko g iakirete-dgseh lgter`gm.75

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GDYXTGIX

Dy-prahuit lgter`gms gre praiesseh ta l`t`ogte ukhes`rgdme ejjeits. @k sale

eldah`lekts, `khustr`gm wgste dy-prahuits gre reiyimeh us`ko igmi`ul pamysumj`he gkh useh `k

du`mh`ko lgter`gms. @k iertg`k `lpmelektgt`aks, tax`ks gre rekhereh kak-v`gdme gs fulgk

pgtfaoeks dy regit`ak w`tf igmi`ul pamysumj`he ta iregte kak-samudme sumj`he irystgms maiceh `k5

tfe lgter`gm gs fyhrgt`ak s ialpmeteh. Xfe sumj`hes gre kat samudme `k wgter gkh gre maiceh `kta

pas`t`ak w`tf`k tfe resumt`ko fyhrgte lgter`gm, wf`if l`t`ogtes esigpe aj ar ifgkoes aj stgte `k

tfe tax`ks.

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RTAZ@Y@AKGM GRRM@IGX@AK JAT RGXEKX @KZEKX@AK X@XME

G legks ta iregte imegk iakirete du`mh`ko lgter`gms dy reiyim`ko khustr`gm wgste dy-prahuitsut`m`z`ko Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he.

DGICOTAUKH AJ XFE @KZEKX@AK5Rradmel Yamveh> Xfe prahuit`ak aj emeitr`i`ty dy iagm j`reh prahuit`ak pmgkts iregtes dy-prahuitlgter`gms iaktg`k`ko tax`i wgste. Gs iagm `s durkeh tax`i fegvy letgms suif gs Leriury, Grsek`i,Ighl`ul, Megh gkh atfer sudstgkies deiale ogses. Xfe lameiumes aj tfese ogses iaam `k tfe exfgustsystels gkh iammeit w`tf j`ke gsf pgrt`imes ta lgce jmy gsf. Fegvy gsfes jgmm hur`ko iagm ialdust`ak tairegte dattal gsf. Xfese lgter`gms gre ajtek stareh k p`mes ar `k pakhs gt prahuit`ak jgi`m`t`es. Xfe72presekie aj tfese s`tes iregtes g hgkoeraus fgzgrh ta fulgk papumgt`aks hue ta tfe gd`m`ty aj tax`ks tah`ssamve `k wgter suppm`es. Akie `k wgter suppm`es tfe tax`ks deiale g tfregt ta fulgk fegmtf. Akeexglpme, `s tfe Xekkessee Zgmmey Gutfar`ty C`kostak Gsf Ym`he aj 4226. Ak Heielder 49, 4226 7.7d`mm`ak ogmmaks aj tax`i iagm gsf sp`mmeh `kta tfe Elary T`ver iaktg`k`ko f`of mevems aj Leriury gkh atfertax`ks.75

G s`l`mgr pradmel ex`sts `k tfe jarl aj smgo p`mes gkh atfer dy-prahuits aj `khustr`gm praiesses suif gsl`k`ko, letgm slemt`ko gkh rej`k`ko. Xfe Egst Femekg, LX, GYGTIA slemt`ko s`te `s ake suif exglpme.Xfe s`te wgs respaks`dme jar tax`i megh, grsek`i, iapper, semek`ul gkh atfer iaktgl`kgt`ak `k tfesurraukh`ko ekv`raklekt. Igkier rgtes fgh `kiregseh ta 7 `k 52 peapme gt ake t`le. Xf`s `s 4222 t`lestfe karlgm mevem aj igkier aiiurrekie `k fulgk de`kos. F`of megh mevems `k if`mhrek m`v`ko gregs42surraukh`ko tfe s`te were j`rst reiarheh `k dmaah tests gs jgr dgic gs tfe 70:2s gkh ?2s. Iurrektmyreleh`gt`ak ejjarts gre ukher wgy ta em`l`kgte tax`i mevems aj Grsek`i gkh Yemek`ul ak tfe s`te.

Atfer letfahs aj iregt`ko iakirete jral `khustr`gm wgstes ha kat regit tax`i sudstgkies w`tf`k tfe`khustr`gm dy-prahuits ta rekher tfel fgrlmess ta fulgk de`kos. Atfer prahuits ha kat presekt sumjur`k g keogt`vemy ifgroeh jarl ta iregte sumj`hes gs igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte `s jarleh.45

Aur letfah rekhers tax`ks kak-v`gdme gs fulgk pgtfaoeks dy regit`ko tfe tax`ks ta iregte kak-samudmesumj`he irystgms maiceh `k tfe lgter`gm gs fyhrgt`ak `s ialpmeteh. Xfe Yumj`hes gre kat samudme `k wgtergkh gre maiceh `kta pas`t`ak w`tf`k tfe fyhrgte lgter`gm w`tfaut gd`m`ty ta regh`my esigpe ar ifgkoe `kstgte. Xfe gd`m`ty aj tfe tax`k ta h`ssamve `kta wgter gkh trgvem `kta oraukh wgter suppm`es fgs deekem`l`kgteh. Xfe j`kgm resumt aj aur letfah `s g prgit`igm du`mh`ko prahuit w`tf tfe gd`m`ty ta de lgss92prahuieh dy `khustr`gm, leifgk`zeh letfahs.

HEXG@MEH HEYIT@RX@AK AJ XFE @KZEKX@AK

Gs stgteh gdave, tfe prahuit`ak aj emeitr`i`ty dy iagm j`reh prahuit`ak pmgkts iregtes dy-prahuitlgter`gms iaktg`k`ko tax`i wgste. Gs iagm `s durkeh tax`i fegvy letgms suif gs Leriury, Grsek`i,Ighl`ul, Megh gkh atfer sudstgkies deiale ogses. Xfe lameiumes aj tfese ogses iaam `k tfe exfgust95systels gkh iammeit w`tf j`ke gsf pgrt`imes ta lgce jmy gsf. Fegvy gsfes jgmm hur`ko iagm ialdust`ak tairegte dattal gsf. Xfese lgter`gms gre ajtek stareh k p`mes ar `k pakhs gt prahuit`ak jgi`m`t`es. Xfepresekie aj tfese s`tes iregtes g hgkoeraus fgzgrh ta fulgk papumgt`aks hue ta tfe gd`m`ty aj tax`ks tah`ssamve `k wgter suppm`es. Akie `k wgter suppm`es tfe tax`ks deiale g tfregt ta fulgk fegmtf. Akeexglpme, `s tfe Xekkessee Zgmmey Gutfar`ty C`kostak Gsf Ym`he aj 4226. Ak Heielder 49, 4226 7.782d`mm`ak ogmmaks aj tax`i iagm gsf sp`mmeh `kta tfe Elary T`ver iaktg`k`ko f`of mevems aj Leriury gkh atfertax`ks.

G s`l`mgr pradmel ex`sts `k tfe jarl aj smgo p`mes gkh atfer dy-prahuits aj `khustr`gm praiesses suif gsl`k`ko, letgm slemt`ko gkh rej`k`ko. Xfe Egst Femekg, LX, GYGTIA slemt`ko s`te `s ake suif exglpme.

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Xfe s`te wgs respaks`dme jar tax`i megh, grsek`i, iapper, semek`ul gkh atfer iaktgl`kgt`ak `k tfesurraukh`ko ekv`raklekt. Igkier rgtes fgh `kiregseh ta 7 `k 52 peapme gt ake t`le. Xf`s `s 4222 t`lestfe karlgm mevem aj igkier aiiurrekie `k fulgk de`kos. F`of megh mevems `k if`mhrek m`v`ko gregssurraukh`ko tfe s`te were j`rst reiarheh `k dmaah tests gs jgr dgic gs tfe 70:2s gkh ?2s. Iurrektmyreleh`gt`ak ejjarts gre ukher wgy ta em`l`kgte tax`i mevems aj Grsek`i gkh Yemek`ul ak tfe s`te. Xfe5

`kvekt`ak img`leh fere samves tf`s pradmel.Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he heorghes ta iregte Igmi`ul Fyhrax`he gkh emelektgm Yumjur `k gqueaus samut`ak.Aur `kvekt`ak presekts tfe keogt`vemy ifgroeh h`gk`ak aj sumjur, Y (4-), `k g f`ofmy gmcgm`ke samut`ak,Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he.

Lgky tax`i sudstgkies presekt tfelsemves gs pas`t`ve `aks `k f ofmy gmcgm`ke gqueaus samut`aks. Xfe72keogt`vemy ifgroeh Yumjur `aks w`mm dakh ta pas`t vemy ifgroeh `aks ta iregte sumj`hes. Yumj`hes greiallakmy ckawk gs ares, gkh gre ialleri`gmmy l`keh jar use `k extrgit`ko ar slemt`ko letgms jar`khustr`gm use.

`.e. Emelektgm Leriury w`mm regit ta iregte Leriury Yumj`he, I`kkgdgr.75

Fo + Y -; FoY

(pas`t`ve Leriury `aks dakh ta keogt`ve Yumjur `aks)

@k tfe Yumj`he jarl Leriury `s kat samudme `k wgter gkh haes kat pase g tfregt ta d`amao`igm arogk`sls.42Xf`s sgle regit`ak tgces pmgie w`tf gky patekt`gmmy tax`i sudstgkie tfgt presekts `tsemj gs g pas`t`vemyifgroeh `ak `k gk ax`hgteh stgte (suif gs wfek pmgieh `k fyhrax`he samut`ak).

Aur letfah gmmaws tfe regit`ak aj tax`i sudstgkies ta jarl Yumj`hes, tfek, maics tfe irystgmm`zehsudstgkie `kta Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte. Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte `s g lgter`gm s`l`mgr ta Rartmgkh45Ielekt iakirete w`tf tfe gd`m`ty ta og`k f`of ialpress`ve strekotfs jar use g iakstruit`ak lgter`gm.

Xfe img`leh `kvekt`ak h`jjers jral wfgt iurrektmy ex`sts. Aur `kvekt`ak `s g f`of strekotf, m`oft we`oftlgter`gm w`tf wgter gkh ifel`igm res`stgkie prapert`es. Xfe prahuit `s lghe jral `khustr`gm dy-prahuits ar "tax`i wgste" tfgt fgs deek releh`gteh ar rekhereh kak-v`gdme gs g fulgk pgtfaoek. Aurlgter`gm igk de lamheh `kta usgdme du`mh`ko lgter`gms suif gs iakirete lgsakry uk`ts, preigst iakirete92struiturgm systels, mgkhsigpe giiekts, f`ofwgys, raghs, dr`hoes, trgjj`i dgrr`ers gkh atfer iallakiakirete prahuits. Aur praiess l`k`l`zes ar em l`kgtes tfe keeh jar Rartmgkh ielekt rehui`ko igrdakh`ax`he el`ss`aks gkh resumtgkt g`r pammut`ak.

Xf`s `kvekt`ak `s gk `lpravelekt ak wfgt iurrektmy ex`sts. Aur `kvekt`ak `s g f`of strekotf, m`oft we`oftlgter`gm w`tf wgter gkh ifel`igm res`stgkie prapert`es. Xfe prahuit `s lghe jral `khustr`gm dy-95prahuits ar "tax`i wgste" tfgt fgs deek releh`gteh ar rekhereh kak-v`gdme gs g fulgk pgtfaoek. Aurlgter`gm igk de lamheh `kta usgdme du`mh`ko lgter`gms suif gs iakirete lgsakry uk`ts, preigst iakiretestruiturgm systels, mgkhsigpe giiekts, f`ofwgys, raghs, dr`hoes, trgjj`i dgrr`ers gkh atfer iallakiakirete prahuits. Aur praiess l`k`l`zes ar em l`kgtes tfe keeh jar Rartmgkh ielekt rehui`ko igrdakh`ax`he el`ss`aks gkh resumtgkt g`r pammut`ak.82

Atfer letfahs igk gmmaw tfe megif`ko aj tax`i lgter`gms `kta oraukh wgter suppm`es ar gmmaw patekt`gmmyhgkoeraus fulgk iaktgit gs wgter peketrgtes `kta tfe lgter`gm ta iaktgit tax`i sudstgkies. Xfe tax`ks

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w`mm h`ssamve `kta wgter gkh trgvem aut aj tfe lgter`gms w`tf wgter, patekt`gmmy igus`ko `mmkess `kd`amao`igm arogk`sls.

Aur letfah rekhers tax`ks kak-v`gdme gs fulgk pgtfaoeks dy regit`ko tfe tax`ks ta iregte kak-samudmesumj`he irystgms maiceh `k tfe lgter`gm gs fyhrgt`ak `s ialpmeteh. Xfe Yumj`hes gre kat samudme `k wgtergkh gre maiceh `kta pas`t`ak w`tf`k tfe fyhrgte lgter`gm w`tfaut gd`m`ty ta regh`my esigpe ar ifgkoe `k5stgte. Xfe gd`m`ty aj tfe tax`k ta h`ssamve `kta wgter gkh trgvem `kta oraukh wgter suppm`es fgs deekem`l`kgteh. Xfe j`kgm resumt aj aur letfah `s g prgit`igm du`mh`ko prahuit w`tf tfe gd`m`ty ta de lgssprahuieh dy `khustr`gm, leifgk`zeh letfahs.

Gmsa, `t igk prahuie Xfe Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte igk de jarleh `kta iakirete du`mh`ko lgter`gms,paureh gs smgds gkh useh `k hetg`meh igst`ko gkh jarl warc. Xfe lgter`gm igk iregte du`mh`kos,72stgh`uls, f`ofwgys, dr`hoes, raghs, iurds, s`hewgmcs, jaukhgt`aks, wgmms, jekies, trgjj`i dgrr`ers, stgtues,lakulekts, lahumgr iakstruit`ak systels gkh atfer s`l`mgr prahuits `kimuh`ko, dut kat m`l`teh tatfase m`steh gdave.

Xfe Zers`ak aj Xfe @kvekt`ak H`siusseh Fere @kimuhes>

7. Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he, IgYx, k gqueaus samut`ak75

4. Imgss J Jmy Gsf (g pazzgmgk)

9. Imgss I Jmy Gsf (g pazzamgk)

8. Gmm Rurpase Ygkh

5. Zamigk`i Taic (g pazzamgk gmsa ckawk gs i`khers, pul`ie)

:. Rumver`zeh Ymgo (g pazzamgk)42

?. Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt

6. Irusfeh Gooreogte

Temgt`aksf`p Detweek Xfe Ialpakekts>

Xfe ialpakekts gre l`xeh `k vgr`aus prapart`aks ta iregte iakirete l`x hes`oks aj vgr`aus strekotfsgkh iaks`steki`es jar use `k iakstruit`ak lgter`gms.45

7 - Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he samut`aks gre sudst`tuteh jar arh`kgry wgter ta presekt tfe keogt`vemy ifgroeh`ak aj Yumjur `k g f`ofmy gmcgm`ke samut`ak ta jgi`m`tgte tfe dakh`ko aj tax`ks w`tf sumjur ta iregte kak-samudme Yumj`hes. Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he igk de ghheh `k vgr`aus glaukts gkh w`tf vgr`aus prapart`aks ajwgter ghheh ta tfe samut`ak. Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he w`mm qu icmy heorghe ta iregte Igmi`ul Fyhrax`he gkh92sumjur. Xfe Igmi`ul Fyhrax`he deiales gk `kteorgm pgrt aj Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte tfrauof regit`akw`tf Y`m`igte Fyhrax`he. Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he lust de useh `k tf`s letfah aj `kvekt`ak.

4 - Imgss J Jmy Gsf `s g dy-prahuit aj iagm j`reh emeitr`igm prahuit`ak gkh `s f`of `k s`m`igtes. Jmy Gsf igkde ghheh `k vgr`aus glaukts. Xf`s `s g pazzamgk`i lgter`gm ckawk ta regit w`tf Igmi`ul `k Fyhrax`he95samut`ak ta iregte Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte.

9 - Imgss I Jmy Gsf `s gmsa g dy-prahuit aj iagm j`reh emeitr`igm prahuit`ak. Imgss I Jmy Gsf prav`hes m`le,IgA, gkh s`m`igtes. Jmy Gsf igk de ghheh k vgr`aus glaukts. Xf`s `s g pazzamgk`i lgter`gm ckawk ta

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regit w`tf Igmi`ul `k Fyhrax`he samut`ak ta iregte Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte. Xfe m`le, IgA, presekt `ktfe Imgss I Jmy Gsf qu`icmy "smgces" w`tf wgter `k tfe Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he samut`ak ta iregte Igmi`ulFyhrax`he jral tfe wgter lameiumes. Gmm wgter `s em`l`kgteh jral tfe l`x hur`ko tf`s regit`ak. Xferelg`k`ko s`m`igte iaktekt aj tfe Imgss I Jmy Gsf, tfek, dakhs ta jarl Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte gshesir`deh gdave.5

8 - Gmm Rurpase Ygkh prav`hes g j`ke gooreogte gkh `s f`of `k s`m`igtes. Ygkh prav`hes g j`mmer `k tfe l`x ta`kiregse dakh`ko prapert`es. Ygkh igk de ghheh `k vgr`aus glaukts ta ejjeit strekotf gkh iaks`stekiyaj tfe l`x hes`ok.

72

5 - Zamigk`i Taic `s g kgturgm dy-prahuit aj f`of telpergture regit`aks gkh `s f`of `s s`m`igtes.

Zamigk`i Taic `s g pazzamgk`i lgter`gm w`tf tfe gd`m`ty ta ifel`igmmy dakh ta Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgtergtfer tfgk nust de ekigseh `k ielekt`t`aus lgter`gm. Zamigk`i raic lgy ar lgy kat de useh `k vgr`ausglaukts `k l`x hes`oks.

75: - Rumver`zeh Ymgo `s g dy-prahuit aj `khustr`gm letgm slemt`ko gkh `s f of `k s`m`igtes. Ymgo igk gmsa def`of `k m`le hepekh`ko ak tfe type aj are tfgt wgs slemteh ta iregte tfe spei`j`i smgo giiulumgt`ak.Ymgo `s g pazzamgk`i lgter`gm tfgt jgi`m`tgtes tfe regit`aks keeheh ta iregteh Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte.Ymgo `s iallakmy ckawk gs g patekt`gmmy tax`i wgste prahuit. Ymgo lgy ar lgy kat de useh `k vgr`ausglaukts `k l`x hes`oks.42

? - Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt - G regh`my gvg`mgdme pawher tfgt igk de l`xeh w`tf wgter, sgkh gkhirusfeh raic ta jarl iakirete. Rartmgkh ielekt lgy ar lgy kat de ghheh ta Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgtegs g letfah aj `kiregs`ko strekotf aj tfe j`kgm lgter`gm.

45

6 - Irusfeh Gooreogte `s useh `k iakirete l`x hes`oks gs j`mmer gkh ta `kiregse tfe ialpress`ve strekotfdy `kimuh`ko f`of strekotf lgter`gms w`tf tfe ielekt`ko goekts. Irusfeh gooreogte lgy de g vgr`auss`ze gkh vgr`aus types `k vgr`aus glaukts. Irusfeh gooreogte lgy ar lgy kat de ghheh ta gky l`xhes`ok.

Faw Xfe @kvekt`ak _arcs>92

Xfe ialpakekts aj tfe letfah iale taoetfer ta suppmy sumjur `k g keogt`vemy ifgroeh `ak ta dakh w`tfpas`t`vemy ifgroeh tax`i `aks turk`ko tfel `kta kak-fgrljum sumj`hes. Xfe sumj`hes gre, tfek, maiceh `k giakirete-m`ce lgter`gm dgseh ak tfe jammaw`ko ifel`igm regit`ak. Gmsa ckawk gs tfe "pazzamgk`iregit`ak".

95

IF + YF -; IYF (s`lpm`j`eh)

igmi`ul fyhrax`he + s`m`igte fyhrax`he -; igmi`ul s`m`igte fyhrgte

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Xfe s`m`igtes l`x w`tf fyhrax`he ta iregte s`m`igte fyhrax`he. Xfe Igmi`ul Fyhrax`he jral tfe Igmi`ulRamysumj`he samut ak regits w`tf tfe Y`m`igte Fyhrax`he ta iregte Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte. Igmi`ulY`m`igte Fyhrgte igk de useh gs g sudst`tute jar Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt Iakirete.

Xfe ialpakekts aj tfe letfah iale taoetfer ta j`rst regit tax`ks ta rekher tfel fgrlmess gs fulgk5 pgtfaoeks w`tf tfe use aj Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he. Xfek, tfe ialpakekts dakh taoetfer ta iregteprgit`igm iakstruit`ak lgter`gms.

Aur letfah prav`hes tfe gd`m`ty jar h`jjerekt lgter`gms ta de l`xeh `k h`jjerekt glaukts w`tf Igmi`ulRamysumj`he ta em`l`kgte fegvy letgm tax`ks gkh iregte du`mh`ko lgter`gms aj vgr`aus strekotfs, s`zes,uses, iamars, textures gkh atfer ifgrgiter`st`is. @kimuh`ko, dut kat m`l`teh ta tfase m`steh gdave.72

Faw Xa Lgce Xfe @kvekt`ak>

Xfe `kvekt`ak igk de lghe dy l`x`ko tfe ialpakekts gkh pmgi`ko tfe wet lgter`gm `kta jarl warcs`l`mgr ta karlgm iakirete iakstruit`ak letfahs. Hry ialpakekts igk gmsa de pgiceh `kta jarls gkhtfe m`qu`h, Igmi`ul Ramysumj he, gppm`eh ta tfe pgiceh lgter`gm ta iguse g ifel`igm regit`ak. @t `s gmsa

pass`dme ta l`x gmm ialpakekts `k hry jarl `kimuh`ko pawhereh Igmi`ul Ax`he gkh pawhereh Yumjur `k g75 prel`xeh jarl. Xfek, wgter ghheh ta jgi`m`tgte gmm ifel`igm regit`aks m`steh gdave. Xfe hry Igmi`ulAx`he gkh Yumjur taoetfer w`tf wgter iakst`tute Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he jar tfe purpase tf`s `kvekt`ak gstfe keogt`vemy ifgroeh `ak aj Yumjur w`mm de presekteh `k f`ofmy gmcgm`ke gqueaus samut`ak.

Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he, Imgss I Jmy Gsf gkh Ygkh gre keiessgry jar tfe `kvekt`ak ta jarl `kta g sam`hiakirete lgter`gm. Imgss J Jmy Gsf `lpraves tfe warcgd`m`ty aj tfe lgter`gm `k jarl warc dy ghh ko42omgssy s`m`igtes. H`jjerekt types aj vamigk`i raic gkh smgo gooreogte igk de ghheh `k h`jjerekt s`zes taejjeit strekotf, texture, iamar gkh j`kgm we`oft aj tfe lgter`gm. Arh`kgry Rartmgkh ielekt `s apt`akgm ta`kiregse strekotf gkh speeh sett`ko t`le aj tfe lgter`gm. Irusfeh gooreogte `s apt`akgm, dut igk deuseh ta ejjeit strekotf, iaks`stekiy, texture gkh iamar aj tfe j`kgm prahuit.

Xfe ialpakekts igk de `kterifgkoeh `k tfgt Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt igk de useh `k oregter glaukts45ar `kiregseh ta ejjeit strekotf aj tfe lgter`gm. @j useh `k iaknukit`ak w`tf Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he rgtfertfgk arh`kgry wgter jar tfe purpase aj rekher`ko g tax`i sudstgkie kak-v`gdme gs g pgtfaoek tfeletfah `s reiakj`oureh jar s`l`mgr resumts w`tf g sm`oftmy h`jjerekt prahuit.

Faw Xa Use Xfe @kvekt`ak>

Xfe `kvekt`ak `s g letfah aj samut`ak jar patekt`gmmy tax`i gsf dy-prahuits aj iagm j`reh emeitr`igm92jgi`m`t`es, gkh patekt`gmmy tax`i smgo p`mes jral `khustr`gm slemt`ko apergt`aks dy relav`ko tfe patekt`gmmytax`i lgter`gms. Xfe relaveh lgter`gms gre, tfek, l`xeh w`tf ifel`igm goekts ta jgi`m tgte tfe regit`akskeeheh ta rekher tax`ks kak-v`gdme gs fulgk pgtfaoeks. Xfe goekts, tfek, iakt`kue regit`aks tairegte Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte. G lgter`gm igpgdme aj de`ko igst `kta gmlast sfgpe. Xfe sfgpes igk deuseh ta iregte lahumgr iakstruit`ak lgter`gms aj f`of ialpress`ve strekotf. Yteem re`kjari`ko igk de95

useh `k iaknukit`ak w`tf tfe lgter`gm gs `s hake `k iallak iakstruit`ak prgit`ies w`tf Arh`kgryRartmgkh Ielekt. Xax`i wgstes gre useh `k iaknukit`ak w`tf Igmi`ul Ramysumj`he gkh iallak lgter`gmsta prahuie `kert, fgrlmess du`mh`ko lgter`gms.

Ghh`t`akgmmy> Xfe letfah aj `kvekt`ak igk de useh ta iregte Igmi`ul Y`m`igte Fyhrgte jar use `krestargt`ak aj f`star`i gkh gki`ekt du`mh`kos. Rr`ar ta tfe `kvekt`ak aj Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt82iakirete struitures were du`mt us`ko vgr`gt`aks aj tfe M`le iakirete dgseh ak tfe pazzamgk`i regit`ak.Lgter`gms lghe jral aur letfah w`mm de gdme ta lare regh`my l`l`i ifgrgiter`st`is aj gkh ghfere tapazzamgk`i l`xtures tfgk lgter`gms lghe aj Arh`kgry Rartmgkh Ielekt.

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GDYXTGIX

G legks ta iregte imegk iakirete du`mh`ko lgter`gms dy reiyim`ko `khustr`gm wgste dy-prahuits ut`m`z`koIgmi`ul Ramysumj`he `s h`simaseh. Aur letfah rekhers tax`ks kak-v`gdme gs fulgk pgtfaoeks dy regit`kotfe tax`ks ta iregte kak-samudme sumj`he irystgms maiceh `k tfe lgter`gm gs fyhrgt`ak `s ialpmeteh. XfeYumj`hes gre kat samudme `k wgter gkh gre maiceh `kta pas`t`ak w`tf`k tfe fyhrgte lgter`gm w`tfaut gd`m`ty5ta regh`my esigpe ar ifgkoe `k stgte. Xfe gd`m`ty aj tfe tax`k ta h`ssamve `kta wgter gkh trgvem `ktaoraukh wgter suppm`es fgs deek em`l`kgteh. Xfe j`kgm resumt aj aur letfah `s g prgit`igm du`mh`koprahuit w`tf tfe gd`m`ty ta de lgss prahuieh dy `khustr`gm, leifgk`zeh letfahs.

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