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Folie 1© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Decentralised provision of Heat, Power and Biocharfrom Residual Biomass
3rd FIT Platform on Powering a
Greener Future Bangalore
22th November 2014
Professor Dr. Andreas Hornung
Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Institute Branch Sulzbach-Rosenberg
Slide 2© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Megacities and rural areasRank Megacity Country
Population Annual Growth
1 Tokyo Japan 33,800,000 0.60%
2 Seoul South Korea 23,900,000 1.40%
3 Mexico City Mexico 22,900,000 2.00%
4 Delhi India 22,400,000 4.60%
5 Mumbai India 22,300,000 2.90%
6 New York City USA 21,900,000 0.30%
7 São Paulo Brazil 21,000,000 1.40%
8 Manila [20] Philippines 19,200,000 2.50%
9 Los Angeles USA 18,000,000 1.10%
10 Shanghai China 17,900,000 2.20%
11 Osaka Japan 16,700,000 0.15%
12 Kolkata India 16,000,000 2.00%
13 Karachi Pakistan 15,700,000 4.90%
Megacity
20/30 are located in Asia.
Slide 3© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
The New Delhi approach
5000 Busses on compressed natural gas - CNG
Auto rickshaw on SNG and on H2
Slide 4© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Cultures growing on Waste Water
Local Solutions for Biomass Production
Slide 5© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Short Rotation Cultures near
New Delhi
Slide 6© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
A first version of a
containerised unit
has been realised by
Aston University and
IIT Ropar
Folie 8© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Introduction –The German Energiewende
Slide 9© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
The German Energiewende Outlook 2050
Source: »Leitstudie 2010« BMU
Power production 2050 (637 TWh)
Hydropower
Wind energy
Photovoltaics
Biomass
geothermal energy
EU-Electricity-Network
Coal
Gas/Oil
Capacity 2050 (224 GW)
Hydropower
Wind energy
Photovoltaics
Biomass
geothermal energy
EU-Electricity-Network
Coal
Gas/Oil
Slide 10© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
The German AD MarketAD – Pioneer and best practice example for bioenergy?
Source: FNR 2013
Slide 11© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
• Strong contributor to the growing global AD market
• Market share of German AD plant construction companies >39% global in 2012
The German AD Market in a Global Context
DE74%
IT6%
CZ4%
AT4%
US2%
NL1%
CH1%
UK1%
Other7%
No. of AD plants global 2012 (10.531)
DE37%
IT13%
CZ8%UK
6%
FR5%
Other31%
New AD capacity global 2012-2016 (2.681 MWel)• Germany: +990 MW• UK: +170 MW
Source: Biogas to Energy, by ecoprog & Fraunhofer UMSICHT 2012, Manufacturer information and estimates
GermanyItalyCzech Republic…UK
7635666402…99
Folie 12© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
The Future of the German Energiewende –The Necessity for Grids and Storage
Slide 13© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Today 2050
Environmental compatibility Acceptance Authorization Remuneration
Change of structures
Challenges for the future energy supply
Slide 14© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Impact of RenewablesExcess electricity in 2023
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Cap
acit
yin
MW
Wasserkraft Biomasse PV Wind Onshore Steinkohle Gas Stromverbrauch
Quelle: Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Hydropower Biomass Black coal Elecricity consumption
Slide 15© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Controllable
Supply Demand
Generation
Consumption
Conventional power supply
Viktor Mildenberger , Petra Bork, Dieter Schütz, Andreas Morlok / alle pixelio.de
Slide 16© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Supply Demand
Generation
Consumption
Efficiency
Load transfer
Future power supply
Controllable
Haushaltsgeld.net, Andreas Carjell, Viktor Mildenberger , Petra Bork, Dieter Schütz, Andreas Morlok / alle pixelio.de
Slide 17© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Supply Demand
Generation
Consumption
Efficiency
Load transfer
Grids & storage
Controllable
Haushaltsgeld.net, Andreas Carjell, Viktor Mildenberger , Petra Bork, Dieter Schütz, Andreas Morlok / alle pixelio.de
Reg
ion
al
deco
up
ling
Storage
Grids
Tem
po
ral
deco
up
ling
Folie 18© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Extended bioenergy concept –The Biobattery
1
2
3
4
5
Slide 19© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Agricultural AD plants Fermentation of biowaste
• More then 7 720 AD plants operate on the basis of energy crops and manure
• High remuneration rates in FIT 2009
• Restrictions caused by eutrophication in areas with active soil
• 113 plants in Germany designed foranaerobic treatment of biowaste
• Only basic tariff until FIT 2012
• 4 Mt of additional biowaste from 2015 due to obligatory biowaste collection
The German AD market – a matured market?Energy crops vs. Biowaste
Slide 20© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
The Biobattery concept
Slide 21© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Use of peakelectricity
Intelligentstorage integration
Biogenicwaste streams
Material & energy products
Flexible technology pool
The Biobattery concept
Slide 22© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Digestate
Sewage sludge
Agricult. Residues
Biowaste
Biowaste
Synthesis gas
Oil
Dual-Fuel-CHP *
Char
Fertilizer
Solid fuel
Fuels
Heat
Value gain products
The Biobattery conceptThe market of residual waste streams
Electricity
Slide 23© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Gas
Biochar-Postreforming
Öl
Biogplant CHP
Pyrolyse & Reforming Storage
Heat-storage
DigestatetCO2Konditionierung
H2 + CO2
Power to Products & Cross Energy Management (P2P)3
The Biobattery
Power to heat
Power toProduct
Product toPower
Power toProduct
Power toPyrolysis
PyrolysiswaterCo-Digestion
Slide 24© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Food or fuel
Sustainability restrictions
Bio
ge
nic
resi
du
es
Potential of biowasteResidual biomass in Germany
Source: 1UBA 2011, ²Destatis 2010, ³Zeller et al., 2011, 4Simon et al., 2008, 5UBA, 2012
Biowaste1
4 Mio. Mg/a
Straw3
8 - 13 Mio. Mg/a
Hay4
0,6 - 0,9 Mio. Mg/a
Garden and park waste2
4,5 Mio. Mg/a
Sewage sludge5
1,9 Mio. Mg DM/a
… …
Slide 25© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Extended bioenergy concept – The BiobatteryBiowaste fermentation & Thermo-Catalytic Reforming
Slide 26© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR®
Energy balance
Slide 27© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Bio-oil
High quality,
engine-ready
Miscible with
common fuels
Engine
application also
as blended fuel
No tar issues
High calorific
value
Low acid number
Engine-ready gas
Tar and dust free
syngas
Direct engine-
ready
adjustable
hydrogen content
practically free of
aromatic-
compounds
Transportable and
storable biochar
meets nutrient
requirements and
specifications of
PK fertilisers
High soil stability
Very low H and O
content
High calorific value
Significant ash
content
Syngas Char
High quality of all product fractions
Slide 28© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
miscible with fossil/bio fuels low tar content and acidity low fraction of non-volatiles
Char
tar and dust free gasH2 over 30 v/v%
high mechanical stability transportable and storable low-odour
C 76.6 wt.%H 7.7 wt.%N 2.2 wt.%S 0.6 wt.%O (diff.) 11.2 wt.%H2O 1.7 wt.%Ash < 0.05 wt.%TAN 4.9 mg KOH/gHHV 33.9 MJ/kg
H2 35 ± 3 v/v%CO 15 ± 2 v/v%CO2 25 ± 1 v/v%CH4 7 ± 2 v/v%CxHy 2 ± 1 v/v%N2 (diff.) 16 ± 2 v/v% HHV 11 MJ/m³
C 65.0 wt.%H 1.2 wt.%N 1.5 wt.%S 0.3 wt.%O (diff.) 2.2 wt.%H2O 0.7 wt.%Ash 29.1 wt.%HHV 23.9 MJ/kg
High quality of all product fractions
Bio-oil Syngas
Slide 29© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR®
Product comparison: Oil from digestate
Unit TCR – digestate Flashpyrolysis– Wood8 Vegetable oil9,10
C % (m/m) 75,3 37,1 77,5
H % (m/m) 10,5 8,1 11,8
N % (m/m) 1,4 0,3 2,7
S % (m/m) 0,6 - max. 10,0 mg/kg
O % (m/m) 11,0 54,5 10,7
Water % (m/m) 1,2 35,6 max. 75g/kg
Ash % (m/m) < 0,1 0,4 max.0,01
TAN mg KOH/g 3,8 - 2
LHV MJ/kg 33,8 14,4 36
Source: 8 D. Meier, et al., 2007; 9 DIN EN 51605 ; 10 Jürgen Karl, 2006
Slide 30© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Hydrogen production costs on basis of electrolysis processes or via synthesis gases from
different fossil and renewable sources
Electrolysis processes require between 50 to 79 kWh to produce 1 kg hydrogen (40 kWh/kg)
The lowest production costs can be realised based on natural gas for 2,5 ct/kWh.
Quelle
Hydrogen from Biomass – No longer a Gasifier is required
Slide 31© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
The new Hydrogen Bio-Economy
Use for fuel cell cars
20 % mix of hydrogen to natural
gas grid
Hydrogen Grid
Estates decentral.
fuel cell heaters
Food waste
Ground service
material
Residue wood
Intermediate pyrolysis
Gasification
CHPTown gas
grid
Winkler
generatorPerowskite
Membrane
Separation
Slide 32© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Biogas production
Biomass production
Thermal lines
Picture of the stations around Birmingham
Heat
and
Power
Slide 33© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Biogas production
Biomass production
Thermal lines
Picture of the stations around Birmingham
Heat
and
Power
Greenfinch Ltd ( Ludlow )
6,000 tpa Demonstrator Rennie & sons(Bedford) 12,000 tpa
Severn Trent Water
E - power
Hydrogen
Fuel Cell
E-power
Slide 34© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
A transfer to India is easy, as the required Infrastructure and
applications are already tested
Slide 37© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Dried fibre fraction
from dairy manure
Pumped
Fibre separation
Drying
Pellets
Slide 40© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Lister Engine Parameters
Cylinders 2
Power (kW) 15
Speed (rpm) 1000
Injection Direct
Aspiration Nature
Diesel Biodiesel PO PO-BD Blend
Folie 41© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
20%
21%
22%
23%
24%
25%
26%
27%
28%
29%
30%
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
En
gin
e E
ffic
ien
cy (
%)
Engine Power (KW)
Thermal Efficiency
Diesel
Biodiesel
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
2 7 12
CO
Em
iss
ion
(%
vo
l)
Engine Power (KW)
CO Emission
Diesel Biodiesel 30%SSPO
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
2 4 6 8 10 12
NO
x E
mis
sio
n (
pp
m)
Engine Power (KW)
NOx Emission
Diesel
Biodiesel
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2 7 12
Ex
ha
us
t O
pa
cit
y (
m-1
)
Engine Power (KW)
Smoke Emission
Diesel
Biodiesel
FIGURE 3-6 ENGINE THERMAL EFFICIENCY AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS
Slide 42© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Biochar application – Brazil (11 tons per ha).
Embrapa Research Station, Manaus, Brazil, Photo C. Steiner
The classical way is biochar from wood – we are looking for alternatives
Slide 43© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Productivity in terms of water used per produced goods
Yield of capsicum and onions in grams per test field, for different days
© Susteen Technologies GmbH
Folie 45
Illustrative Scenario – Value from oil press residue
2.250 t/year10% humidity
Syngas
Biochar
Biooil*
630 t/year(15 MJ/kg)
460 t/year(36 MJ/kg)
630 t/year(26 MJ/kg)
* Biooil is blended with 10-20% of vegetable oil, biodiesel or regular diesel** Plant incl. dryer is heated using heat from CHP plant and combustion of biochar or external fuel*** In addition process water is produced (approx. 20% of the feedstock)
Approx. 350 t/yearFor plant heating
TCR® Reactor
CHP Plant
300 kW electric(effective)
Olive pomace
300 kg/h
Oil press residue
© Susteen Technologies GmbH
Folie 46
Illustrative Application Scenario – Business Case
Expense mn. INR/a
Feedstock 1.78
Biodiesel 4.27
Labor 0.47
Maintenance 3.26
Other 0.62
Total 10.4
TCR® Plant
FeedstockCapacity
2,250 tpa
Electric Capacity 360 kW (installed)
Capital Expenditure
840 kEUR(INR 65m)
Revenue mn. INR/a
Power sales 24.3
Heat 3.57
Biochar 2.09
Total 30.0
Result mn. INR/a
EBITDA 19.6
Depreciation 3.26
EBIT 16.3
IRR 29%
• Illustrative business casebased on experimental data and estimates
• Annual averages over 20 yearsproject duration
• Loan financing not considered
• Power price: 9300 INR/MWh
• Heat price: 2300 INR/MWh(50% utilization)
• Biochar price: 7800 INR/t
Oil press residue
Slide 47© Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Thank you very much!
Contact:Fraunhofer UMSICHTInstitute Branch Sulzbach-RosenbergAn der Maxhütte 192237 Sulzbach-RosenbergE-Mail: [email protected]: http://www.umsicht-suro.fraunhofer.de
Professor Dr. Andreas HornungPhone: +49 9661 908-408 E-Mail: [email protected]
Decentralised provision of Heat, Power and Biochar from Residual Biomass
