December 9, 2009December 9, 2009

BIG SPRING, Texas - A Texas homeowner, Barry McBee, who adorned his front lawn with Michelangelo's "David" as a scantily clad Santa got more than just jolly laughs from his neighbours. "I just like to shock people to make 'em laugh, kind of break the monotony around here," said McBee, who has all kinds of animal yard ornaments in his garage. "I just bring them out occasionally." McBee put his statue of Michelangelo's David in his front yard with only a Santa cap and beard, but neighbors and parents complained to town officials that their kids were asking why Santa was naked. McBee relented and put a pair of shorts on the replica of the famous statue.

Ch. 17 (water pollution) Exam Dec. 17 (Thursday, 10am-12)

Ch. 14-18 (fossil fuels to air pollution + presentations)

Neighbors not jolly over naked Santa Claus

Groundwater PollutionGroundwater Pollution Recognized (1970’s) GW can be contaminated

Cannot see pollution; takes time to hit GWOf primary concern

• Septic systems (~10% GW has biotic agents)– ~245 GW related disease outbreaks (1971-1985)

• Underground storage tanks

Transport of pollutants in plumes

http://www.nwl.ac.uk/gwf/gwfimg1.htmhttp://www.groundwater.org/gi/sourcesofgwcontam.htmlhttp://www.wrd.org/engineering/groundwater-contamination.php

Groundwater Pollution Contaminants enter GW by

Surface water interactions• Ex: salt water intrusion; hyporheic zones

Soil interactions• Ex: acid rain; leaching of toxins

Danger of GW pollutant depends onamountconcentration of toxicityexposure to people

http://www.coastal.geology.ecu.edu/project.htmlhttp://www.ecofriends.org/reports/043GroundWater.htmhttp://www.chesapeakebay.net/groundwater.aspx?menuitem=14716

Groundwater Pollution

Treating GW contaminationEliminate source

• Much harder to clean!!

Different than surface water• Surface water--rapid flow, rapid

turnover, oxygenated

Steps for treating GWKnow geology & hydrology

• Matrix; flow (rate, direction); depth

Know contaminant• ID, localization, how it moves

Best treatment for pollutant

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/students/clas_act/haz-ed/ff_05.htmhttp://www.ete.wur.nl/UK/Research/Reusable+Water/Advanced+Water+Treatment/Local+treatment+of+Groundwater+Polluted+with+MTBE/

Treating GW Pollution Pump and treat

pH adjustments, microbes, charcoal, aeration

In situ treatmentPermeable reactive barriersBioremediation (natural attenuation)

http://www.p2pays.org/ref/14/13983.htmhttp://www.fuelcleanup.com/photos_phaseii.htm

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/students/clas_act/haz-ed/ff_05.htmhttp://www.erc.montana.edu/Res-Lib99-SW/Image_Library/Bioremediation/default.htm

http://www.usatoday.com/http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/l/lead_paint.asp

Risks stack up forkids near industryHarmful air quality near schools is widespread, overlooked.(USA Today Special Report, 12/8/2008)

http://bengu-pc2.njit.edu/trp-chem/air_html/impact.htmhttp://www.ecoaction.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/20070426-2-eng.cfmhttp://www.ecoaction.gc.ca/news-nouvelles/20070426-2-eng.cfm

http://www.pprc.org/hubs/subsection.cfm?hub=1008&subsec=10&nav=10&CFID=2038033&CFTOKEN=91058634http://www.pprc.org/hubs/subsection.cfm?hub=1008&subsec=10&nav=10&CFID=2038033&CFTOKEN=91058634

Air pollution Residence times Types of air pollutants

Stationary and mobilePrimary and secondary

CostsHuman healthVegetation

Effects of smog

http://www.airnow.gov/http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/

Air Quality Standards Clean Air Act & amendments

Allowed for quality controlAir Quality Index

Criteria pollutants

National Ambient Air Quality StandardsNational Ambient Air Quality Standards

POLLUTANTPOLLUTANT STANDARDSTANDARD STANDARDSTANDARDVALUE *VALUE * TYPE TYPE

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide (CO) (CO)        8-hour Average8-hour Average 9 ppm9 ppm (10 mg/m(10 mg/m33)) PrimaryPrimary        1-hour Average1-hour Average 35 ppm35 ppm (40 mg/m(40 mg/m33)) PrimaryPrimary

Nitrogen DioxideNitrogen Dioxide (NO (NO22))        Annual Arithmetic MeanAnnual Arithmetic Mean 0.053 ppm0.053 ppm (100 µg/m(100 µg/m33)) Primary & SecondaryPrimary & Secondary

OzoneOzone (O (O33))        1-hour Average1-hour Average 0.12 ppm0.12 ppm (235 µg/m(235 µg/m33)) Primary & SecondaryPrimary & Secondary        8-hour Average8-hour Average 0.08 ppm0.08 ppm (157 µg/m(157 µg/m33)) Primary & SecondaryPrimary & Secondary

Lead Lead (Pb)(Pb)        Quarterly AverageQuarterly Average 1.5 µg/m1.5 µg/m33    Primary & SecondaryPrimary & Secondary

ParticulateParticulate (PM 10) (PM 10)             Particles with diameters of 10 micrometers or lessParticles with diameters of 10 micrometers or less        Annual Arithmetic MeanAnnual Arithmetic Mean 50 µg/m50 µg/m33    Primary & SecondaryPrimary & Secondary        24-hour Average24-hour Average 150 µg/m150 µg/m33    Primary & SecondaryPrimary & Secondary

ParticulateParticulate (PM 2.5) (PM 2.5)             Particles with diameters of 2.5 micrometers or lessParticles with diameters of 2.5 micrometers or less         Annual Arithmetic MeanAnnual Arithmetic Mean 15 µg/m15 µg/m33    Primary & SecondaryPrimary & Secondary        24-hour Average24-hour Average 65 µg/m65 µg/m33    Primary & SecondaryPrimary & Secondary

Sulfur DioxideSulfur Dioxide (SO (SO22))        Annual Arithmetic MeanAnnual Arithmetic Mean 0.030 ppm0.030 ppm (80 µg/m(80 µg/m33)) PrimaryPrimary        24-hour Average24-hour Average 0.14 ppm0.14 ppm (365 µg/m(365 µg/m33)) PrimaryPrimary        3-hour Average3-hour Average 0.50 ppm (1300 µg/m0.50 ppm (1300 µg/m33)) SecondarySecondary

* Parenthetical value is an approximately equivalent concentration. * Parenthetical value is an approximately equivalent concentration. http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html