December 2008 Caucasus School of Journalism …December 2008 Caucasus School of Journalism and Media Management Page 5 Village of abandoned children is limited to 78 inhabitants Costs

Merry Christmas! Happy NewYear!I n s i d e : Re a d m o r e s t o r i e s i n G e o r g i a n a n d E n g l i s h

December 2008

Caucasus School of Journalism and Media Management

Page 5

Village of abandoned

children is limited

to 78 inhabitants

Costs of ChildbirthBirth-rate in Georgia keeps declining

Up to 50,000 children are born

in Georgia every year. Dr. Akaki

Bakradze, Clinical Director of St.

Jacobs and St. Anna Maternity Hos-

pital in Tbilisi, says it means an av-

erage of 2-3 children per family. In

his opinion, this ratio is nothing in

comparison to the birthrate 30 years

ago, when an rural family had up to

8 children.

Dr. Bakradze says there are mul-tiple reasons for the baby bust. Immi-gration of the population, changes of social behavior among men and wom-en and an unstable economic situation are the most crucial factors why birth-rate in Georgia keeps declining. “We, Georgians, like a comfortable life,” says Dr. Bakradze. “And children demand some attention. Th at’s why children are great, but it’s also great to go out at night, or go away for a weekend.”

Twenty-four-year-old Sara Ja-farova just had her second child. Now one-day-old baby girl lies in a cot next to mother’s bed. Her fi rst child — three-year-old Riat — stays with grandparents while the young mother is recovering after the delivery in the Maternity Hospital. Jafarova says she does not think she will have a third child. “One needs lots of money to give birth to a child,” she says adding that one needs at least GEL 1,000 (more than US $ 700) to cover the expenses of delivering and supporting a child dur-ing the fi rst month. “I paid 700 lari (US $ 500) for the delivery as I wanted to have an opportunity to choose a doc-tor,” says Jafarova. She and her new-born daughter stay at comfortable ward designed for four women. If she had asked for a single ward, it would have cost GEL 100 (approximately US $ 70) more.

For Jafarova’s family, this additional cost would mean a hardship. She does not work and lives with her parents, while her husband works abroad and sends her GEL 100-140 (US $ 70-100) every month.

INSIDE

gverdi17

profesia —

jariskaci

Page 10

GM products are

imported to Georgia

gverdi15

saTamaSoebis fasi

erTidan 50,000

laramde meryeobs

Irina VELSKANatia ANASTASIADIVahagn ANTONYAN

Continued on page 7

Beyond RealitySalome Jashi: a filmmaker’s lense

She loved collecting pins as a little

girl. Strangely enough, she never

used them for fastening or joining

things together. Pins were a some-

what irrational obsession.

“Something in them attracted me,” she says. Th us, the 27-year-old Geor-gian documentary fi lmmaker Salome Jashi perceived pins through a special lens. And not only pins. Reality for her is very individual and never totally ob-jective.

“I perceive reality as I observe it and shoot it as I want. Reality goes through my ‘fi lter’ and I put it into visual im-ages. Th e reality may be quite diff erent from what I show. No one knows what actual reality is,” she says.

Documentary fi lm for her is a “tool” for interpreting the world in her own way. It means manipulating reality. But what is reality in Georgia for Jashi? People here have more ste-reotypes that almost everyone agrees are right — almost everyone, but not Jashi. She always asks questions.

“I want to challenge conventional-ity and suggest something new, see something absurd. I will try my best to provoke breaking this kind of (con-ventional) ‘agreement’ in society,” she says. Disapproving consensus and conventions, as she puts it, is not so easy. More than that, it is struggle. She struggles against dogma. But some-times the attempt proves to be prolifi c. To interpret reality in her own way, she settled down in Gldani for a month to explore this outskirt of Tbilisi. She had heard that this part of the city was, in her own words, “dark and dangerous” and people bore the brunt of social hardship there. Th rough Jashi’s fi lter Gldani turned out not so “dark” as they said. Th us she created her version of Gldani.

After graduating Caucasus School of Journalism and Media Manage-ment in 2003, she started her career as a news reporter on Rustavi 2. Just after her fi rst news story, she came home with a strong sense of remorse; she did not even sleep at night, as she recalls.

Continued on page 13

Tsira GVASALIA

photo by Leli Blagonravova

BSJCAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND MEDIA MANAGEMENT2

All material copyrighted 2008

R e p o r t e r sIrina Velska

Natia Anastasiadi

Vahagn Antonyan

Nino Natsvaladze

Giorgi Aptsiauri

EkaChitanava

Ketevan Vashagashvili

Ketevan Aptsiauri

Marinka Gharibashvili

Elene Chakhunashvili

Gvantsa Barbakadze

Rusudan Panozishvili

Tsira Gvasalia

Seymur Kazimov

Natalie Nozadze

Harut Petrosyan

Gvantsa Barbakadze

Tsisana Kiguradze

Nino Kakhishvili

Akaki Kipshidze

Natia Rusadze

Suzi Kalashyan

Natia Sukhiashvili

Malkhaz Chkadua

Kamila Mamedova

Tamuna Bubashvili

Temo Bardzimashvili

Marika Kochiashvili

E d i t o r sMargie Freaney

Pamela Renner

William Dunbar

Ana Keshelashvili

Leli Blagonravova

Tiko Tsomaia

Lika Katcharava

D e a nMaia Mikashavidze

S p e c i a l t h a n k s t oIrina Velska

Goga Davtyan

CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM AND

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Q&A

World famous theatre director Robert Sturua is not someone who gets carried away with the festive season. “New Year is like ordinary Sunday for me, you know Monday will arrive tomorrow,” he says, “I prefer Christmas to New Year”. In Georgia, New Year, rather than Christmas, is the main holiday, but Sturua doesn’t see what all the fuss is about. He greets the New Year at home, and occasionally visits friends later. Th e one holiday tradition he makes a concession to is the Christmas tree. Sturua’s is artifi cial, but he says he’ll buy a real one if he comes across it. Unsurprisingly for a man who takes yuletide with a pinch of salt, Sturua has few Christmas wishes. In fact, he has just one “Peace, peace and only peace.”

“I am very happy to be in Geor-gia this year. We have two holidays: Christmas, that is an earlier holiday than in Georgia, when it comes later, and than the New Year. My family and I will be here for western Christmas, American Christmas on the 25th, we

have two small children and we want very much to be in our new home in Georgia. And we are excited about that, and for the New Year we are go-ing to Th ailand. We used to live there before. Our expectations for the New Year are like everyone else in Georgia.

We hope it will be very prosperous, happy and peaceful year most of all, and I think that the US and Georgia working together, will fi nd good ways to make it happen! So I’m optimistic.

What is the same for my fam-ily here is how much Georgians care about family and friends, that’s very important for us as well, so on holidays we will be together, the whole family. It’s very characteristic how Georgians look at holidays. It’s a celebration of friends and family.

We have a special holy Christmas night dinner at home, we put our chil-dren to bed and wake up expecting the visit of Santa Clause, ‘Tovlis Papa’ in the case in Georgia, in the morning of the Christmas, 25th, we will wake up, open up our presents, and then, prob-ably, go to church as well.

We have already prepared for Christmas. Th ere are very nice things in Georgia to buy, particularly, we found very nice wooden hand-carved toys for our children.”

Inga Grigolia is so busy with work that she barely notices that 2009 is coming soon. She plans to celebrate this New Year with her family. Because of her busy schedule, she only gets a few hours to prepare for the big event, and each year her wish is the same, for her program to be on air, and for her to be able to discuss the most important events and issues in Georgia.

Expectations and Wishes for the New Year 2009Kent Logsdon, Deputy US Ambassador

Holidays in Georgia are a celebration of friends and family

Inga Grigolia, popular journalist

and talk show host

I start preparing for the New Year just few hours earlier

Robert Sturua, prominent Georgian

theatre director

I prefer Christmas to New Year

GELA MUMLADZE, 26 is always in good cheer for the New Year’s holiday. He spends New Year’s eve with friends, but always buys gifts for his par-ents and wife. “I want to congratulate all of Georgia on this day, and most of all I wish you peace,” Mumladze says.

NUNU JANASHIA, 69 has two children and fi ve grandchildren. As a traditional Geor-gian family, they celebrate New Year’s Day traditionally. Classic Georgian dishes Satsivi, Khachapuri, Churchkhela, Gozinaki and red wine are always in abundance on the holiday table. Th ey begin preparing for New Year two weeks in advance, and the whole family gathers for New Year’s Eve. Th ose, who off er their best wishes for the New Year at the Janashia household are called Mekvle, and is given bread wet with red wine—a symbol of plenty. “I want to say happy 2009 to my country. I wish you health, victory, and the grace of God,” she added.

LEVAN GAGNIDZE, 40 is married and has two children. He always celebrates the New Year with his family, and then either visits friends, or receives guests at home. He doesn’t get involved in preparing the festivi-ties, he lets his wife take care of the food while his children dec-orate the tree. “I want to congratulate all Georgians this New Year and to wish them the peaceful life” says Gagnidze.

NINO ARABULI, 42doesn’t have any special traditions for New Year. Hers is a reli-gious family, and she, her husband and three children, keep to the Christmas fast, which ends on Orthodox Christmas, cel-ebrated on January 7th. Th at means the traditional Georgian New Year foods like turkey and fried pig have to wait a little, but the kids still let off fi reworks to mark the old year’s passage.

MAKA CHKVANAVA, 34 is a big fan of the festive season. She starts to prepare for New Year’s Eve weeks in advance. Maka buys presents and decora-tions, and insists that all the members of her family must wear new clothes on the 31st of December. Usually, Maka and her family greet New Year in the street, at one of the many open air concerts in Tbilisi. “New Year is a great occasion for me. I look forward to this day with great happiness and hope. I want to congratulate everybody on this wonderful holiday” says Maka.

KETEVAN KHVISTANI, 32 is a head physician of Tbilisi medical aid service. Despite being full of the festive spirit, she and her team usually have to work through the holidays. Last year they got a call from the village of Tskneti, just outside Tbilisi, and Ketevan met 2008 driving up a mountain road. Th is New Year’s Eve, she’s on duty again.

How do you celebrate New Year?


More than 50 % of the women incar-

cerated for murder in the women’s

prison in Tbilisi killed their husbands

to escape domestic violence. Th at’s according to the NGO Sa-

fari, which deals with the problems of the domestic violence in Georgia. Established in 2000, its main goal is to play an active part in overcoming this problem and to give the psychologi-cal, medical and legal help to victims of violence.

Sopho Tabaghua is a psychothera-pist who works in the NGO. She ex-plains that they cover diff erent target groups — including both the victims and the perpetrators of abuse. Th ey also conduct regular trainings for po-licemen and school teachers, inform-ing them about how to deal with the victims, and the members of their families.

“At fi rst we observe the victim and consult with her. If there is no other option, if she can’t go home or to some relatives, we place her in a shelter, but

we only have space for four women with their children,” she says. Th e loca-tion of the shelter is kept in secret for reasons of anonymity.

Safari also works outside the capi-tal, in Zugdidi in western Georgia and

in Napareuli and Akhmeta in East-ern Georgia. According to Tabaghua, women apply for help fi rst to the Pub-lic Defender’s offi ce, or to the Georgian Young Lawyers Association. Th ese or-ganizations direct them to Safari.

“Previously, it was shameful for women to reveal domestic violence, but this has changed, and it indicates that society has become more civi-lized” Tabaghua says. She thinks the new law on domestic violence has sup-ported this tendency.

In May 2006, parliament adopted a new law on domestic violence. Before this, there was no legislation that regu-lated this sphere.

Baia Pataraia, a lawyer from Safari who works with the victims of vio-lence, calls the new law a “giant step.” “It is the most eff ective law in Georgia ever,” she says.

Pataraia is particularly happy with the establishment of the detention order, which is given to police. If con-fi rmed by a court, it’s an eff ective tool to protect the victim from their abuser. It will also help the compilation of sta-tistics on these crimes.

Currently there is no offi cial sta-

tistical data on domestic violence in Georgia. Th is is because most women are still unwilling to reveal cases of vio-lence. According to psychologist Nana Khoshtaria from the women’s advice center Sakhli, the fear of public shame

is the biggest hindrance for women coming forward. “Most women think that it only happens in their family, they are ashamed because it happened to them. Th ere is also a second factor: victims are afraid of the abuser, who doesn’t want anyone to know about what is happening in their family,” Khoshtaria says.

Sakhli was founded with help from the British charitable organization Ox-fam in 1997. Since 2000, approximate-ly 3,500 benefi ciaries have applied for support. According to their data, 62.4 percent of all applicants were the victims of psychological violence.

Khoshtaria says psychological vio-lence traumatizes its victims. It causes post-traumatic stress syndrome, a con-dition that is observed among hostages and victims of the torture. Symptoms such as fear and anxiety are common, and can signifi cantly infl uence people, undermining self-esteem.

“Unfortunately, in our society ag-

gressive behavior from the male is ac-cepted, because he is the man and he is powerful,” Khoshtaria says.

Khoshtaria’s organization, Sakhli, tries to help women cope with trauma. Th ey provide a shelter where women can recover. Th e organization also helps women fi nd jobs.

“Now we work mainly for internally displaced people, because the war has increased violence. Many women were raped during the war,’’ Khoshtaria says.

Th e organization works to increase the public awareness of the issue. When violence occurs, the victim should ap-ply for help urgently. According to Madona Cheishvili, medical director of the 033 emergency paramedic re-sponse service, they do receive calls from victims of domestic violence, but an insignifi cant amount. She says they don’t record the exact number, as they aren’t obliged to offi cially. Confi den-tiality is also a problem, and patient

records can be opened any time. “Another problem is that doctors

are not trained to treat or diagnose the victims of domestic violence,” Cheish-vili says.

Opinions about domestic violence diff er in Georgian society. While al-most everyone acknowledges its exis-tence, people tend to say they have not encountered it themselves.

Economist Tsismari Gomurashvili, 59, says people don’t understand that they have character traits that make it impossible for them to live together. Giorgi Abuladze, 35, a lawyer, thinks that stress caused by unemployment is a major contributing factor.

“I think that they should overcome this problem themselves and also ap-ply to psychologist for help,” he says.

Sopho Kopadze, 32, also an econo-mist, thinks the main problem is Geor-gian mentality and traditions. Th ose working at organization like Sakhli and Safari are seeking to change all that.

Domestic Violence – a Silent ProblemFamily abuse is tied to macho mistiqueElene CHAKHUNASHVILIGvantsa BARBAKADZE

Main forms of domestic violence

62.4%24.3%

6.1%3.4% 2.4%

Data by Sakhli - Advice Center for Women

62.4% - psychological violence

24.3% - physical violence

6.1% - sexual violence

3.4% - isolation

2.4% - financial control

Unfortunately in our society aggressive behavior from the male is accepted, as he is the man and he is powerful

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Class will meet in the evenings.

The language of instruction is Georgian.

The program will start on March 15, 2009. The master’s degree program in Public Relations Management will provide stu-

dents with professional skills to pursue careers in PR and political consulting.

Graduate students will establish themselves as creative communicators capable

of formulating and successfully implementing communication strategy through

various types of media.

The curriculum is based on a hands-on approach using the latest techniques in

professional communication.

Students will have access to state-of-the-art facilities: a computer and broadcast

editing labs, photo and TV cameras, and radio studio. The students will have ac-

cess to journalism and communication book collection in the GIPA library.

For additional details contact Nino Danelia, program coordinator

[email protected] 93-14-66, 92-39-52 (tel), 93-14-66 (fax).

The deadline for submission of applications is February 15, 2009.

w w w.gipa.ge

Caucasus School of

Journalism

and Media Management

launches Master’s degree

program

in Public Relations for

beginners

and mid-career

professionals


Tiko Piranishvili is studying for the

entrance exams for Tbilisi State Uni-

versity, and has little time to read

the books of her favorite writer,

Stefan Zweig. She lives in a flat on

Kazbegi Avenue with her six broth-

ers and four sisters. Tiko misses her

home village, 12 red houses set

among green trees, the SOS Chil-

dren’s Village.

She found herself at SOS Children’s Village when she was eight. Tiko is 18 now and is on the second phase of the SOS Children’s Village program.

SOS Kinderdorf International is an independent non-governmental social development organization. Th e fi rst SOS Children’s Village was founded by Hermann Gmeiner in 1949 in Imst, Austria. He was committed to helping orphan children who lost their fami-lies in the World War II.

SOS Children’s Villages exist in 132 countries, and the organization works in the spirit of the United Na-tions Convention on the Rights of the Child, it promotes these rights around the world.

SOS Kinderdorf International be-gan working in Georgia in 1996, two years after Georgia joined the UN Convention of Children’s Rights. Th ey built a traditional Austrian village, 12 two storey-houses with 78 inhabitants and 12 SOS mothers. Another SOS Children’s Village was constructed in Kutaisi eight years ago.

SOS villages are based on four principles: each child needs a mother, brothers and sisters, house and a sup-portive village environment. Each house belongs to one family. Th e fam-ily and village build ties that last a life-time. Th e SOS mothers are trained for two years to build close relationships with every child entrusted to them.

In the process of acceptance, pri-ority is given to orphaned and aban-doned children, then to those whose families are unable to care for them. Children between one and ten are ac-cepted into the village. Boys and girls of diff erent ages live together, and bio-logical siblings are never parted. Sib-lings are either all accepted into the village, or none of them are.

Meri Maglaperidze, Head of the Children’s Rights Centre at the Public Defender’s Offi ce, says brothers and sisters sometimes have no other living relatives, so parting them would not be fair.

Disabled children are not admit-ted to the village. “Our goal is to in-tegrate the children into society,” says Ia Metreveli, senior teacher at the SOS Children’s Village. “We don’t take dis-abled children because we don’t have facilities for them. What we should do with them when the program ends, they become 23, and we drop them in the street?”

Andro Dadiani, Country Direc-tor of Every Child, admits that caring for disabled children needs a large amount of resources and facilities. Georgia seems unable to cope with disabled children at the present time.

SOS Kinderdorf International has recently developed a policy on disabil-ity, designed to overcome challenges related to accommodation of disabled children who need a specialized type of care. “We are not a specialized or-ganization. In this situation we believe that children with disabilities can be cared for best interest by specialized organizations,”- says Raluca Verwei-jen-Slamnescu, Adviser at SOS Kin-derdorf International in Vienna.

SOS Kinderdorf children study at public school #170. Education is a priority for SOS Kinderdorf Interna-tional, and teachers at the school are trained in order to handle the chil-dren.

When children turn 15, they move to the second phase of the program. Moving out of the village, they go to SOS Youth Facilities, in fl ats rented in the centre of the city. Th ey live with SOS sisters and brothers (8-10 in each fl at) and teachers. While in the SOS Children’s Village the head of the household is always a SOS mother, in the Youth Facilities teachers are men

as well as women. Th e organization is developing full family based care, in-cluding SOS fathers, and this scheme has already been rolled out Austria, France and Norway. Zviad Berdzen-ishvili, Director of the National Coor-dination Organization of SOS Kinder-dorf in Georgia, says there are plans to begin the fathering program here as well.

At Youth Facility children have to study or fi nd work. Th e idea is to teach them to learn to manage their own money and get used to indepen-dent life.

Tiko Piranishvili studies all day long, she wants to become a student and live independently after leaving Youth Facility.

“I hope to receive a grant from the government for my studies, but if I don’t get it, SOS Children’s Village will fi nance my studies, so I have to study,” she says.

After four years, at the age of 18 people in the program have to leave the fl at and move to the third and fi nal phase of Village life. Th e last phase is

called Leaving Care. Th ey rent a fl at independently with a sister or brother, and without any teachers. SOS Chil-dren’s Village assists with part of the rent and utility costs, until they turn 23. If they are students, all costs are paid, but if they are working only half of the bills are paid by the organisa-tion.

Afrter completing each phase of SOS life, young people recieve money that has been gathered during their life at the SOS Children’s Village. Sponsors all around the world receive pictures of the children and often transfer money to them. Th is money is the last gift from the organization, but the family ties grown in the village last forever.

“Th ere is the fourth phase,” SOS teacher Temur Sikharulidze declares. “We hug them and say: you are free my son, go ahead.”

SOS Children’s Village recognizes the family as the best place for bring-ing up children. Th erefore it promotes policies and practices supporting biological families and family re-uni-fi cation, as well as preventing family breakdown and child abandonment. At present they have 200 benefi cia-ries in Tbilisi and 200 in Kutaisi. Th ey train parents in order to prevent chil-dren from leaving the family.

“We try to avoid abandonment, but if there is no way out, we try to have good relations with the biological par-ents of the children,” says Ia Metreveli, SOS senior teacher.

Half of the 150 young people who grew up in SOS Village over the past 12 years, study at universities (3 en-tered this year, 4 last year). Th ere have been only two criminal convictions amongst the group.

Th ese 150 youngsters, who have been integrated into society, repre-sent only three percent of the 5,200 abandoned and vulnerable children of Georgia, many of whom earn a living begging in the streets.

Andro Dadiani, Country Director of Every Child, blames this on lack of family care. A single teacher at an or-phanage just can’t handle 15 children. Th ey go onto the street and start earn-ing money. He thinks the best cure

is attention and warmth. “Children should not grow up in warehouses,” he says.

State Reform of Deinstitutionaliza-tion was launched in Georgia in 2005. As part of the reform process, 2,500 children were removed from institu-tions. Some have gone back to their own families, some live in foster fami-lies and small group homes.

“We are carrying out the State Reform of deinstitutionalization and we have already taken 2,500 children from institutions. I confess that SOS Kindersdorf is high quality, but still it is an institution,” – says Tamar Golu-biani, Head of the Child Welfare Divi-sion at the Ministry of Education.

According to Golubiani, the Mi-nistry has good relations with SOS Kinderdof International, but she sees two problems, fi rst is the problem of integration, as the participants live as a village, together, and the second is the current lack of SOS fathers.

UNICEF research about children in institutions does not include in-formation about SOS Kinderdorf International. Nino Partskhaladze, independent expert, says people who think that SOS Kinderdorf is institu-tion, are mistaken. “In 132 countries in the world SOS Kinderdorf ’s work is assessed as family based care. Among them are developed countries like the USA, Canada and Austria,” says Nino Partskhaladze.

SOS Kinderdorf International in Georgia has large ambitions. Accord-ing to their action plan, by 2016 the organization hopes to take care of all of the 5,200 abandoned and vulner-able children in Georgia.

Eighteen-year-old Tiko Piranish-vili is pleased that she’s about to take independent steps into the outside world as she enters SOS Leaving Care, but she’s also glad of the fact that she has a place to call home, and she hopes every child will have one too.

SOS: Alternative to OrphanagesVillage of abandoned children is limited to 78 inhabitantsKetevan VASHAGASHVILI

photos by Ketevan Vashagashvili

Children should not grow up in warehouses


Despite twelve years of experience in

using epidural anesthesia to prevent

pain during childbirth in Georgia,

this procedure is still controversial

among doctors and patients.

Arguments exist as to its safety and utility. According to Davit Gagua, the gynecologist who introduced epidurals in Georgia, the anesthetic has a proven track record. “From 1996, more than 1,300 women delivered their children in my hospital and 60-70 percent of them had epidural anesthesia.”

Gagua, the Chief Doctor of Tbilisi’s Orioni Maternity Hospital, is known as an advocate of epidural anesthesia in Georgia, while many gynecologists and anesthesiologists are still argu-ing about it. One of the claims about epidural anesthesia is that after labor, women’s legs remain numb. Gagua says that the women should not be afraid of it. “Epidural anesthesia is the safest method of painless delivery, but as any other medication, it has side ef-fects.”

Anesthesia prevents pain during surgery. Th ere are three main types of anesthesia: local, regional and general. Local anesthesia numbs only part of the body. Regional anesthesia numbs a large area, such as an entire arm, leg or the entire lower half of the body. Epidural and spinal anesthesia are two common types of regional anesthesia.

Epidural anesthesia is injected into the lower back, in the area surrounding the patient’s spine. It causes a woman to lose feeling in the lower half of the body.

Irakli Gelagutashvili has worked as an anesthesiologist for 30 years. Dur-ing his recent years at Chachava Scien-tifi c Research Institute of Obstetrics-Gynecology, and at the Hera Maternity House, the number of women who want to use epidural anesthesia is in-creasing. At Chachava Institute, 10-15 percent of all pregnant women choose epidural anesthesia, the fi gures are even higher at Hera. Th e cost fl uctu-ates, but generally it’s about US $100 for the injection.

According to Gelagutashvili, side eff ects of epidural anesthesia have not been recorded so far during his medi-cal practice. All types of anesthesia carry some risk. Risks from any type of anesthesia include allergic reaction to the medicines used and breathing problems. Risks from regional anes-thesia include long-term damage and temporary weakness or paralyses in the area that received the anesthesia.

Tamar Antelava, a gynecologist at the Chachava Institute, thinks that the best method of delivery is natural childbirth. She says that women can re-ceive appropriate knowledge and skills from diff erent literature or at training courses for pregnant women. Th ey can receive both theoretical and practical information: learn system of breathing gymnastics, various methods of pain

relief, auto training, and thus be much more prepared for natural delivery.

“We can numb delivery pain, but for what?” says Antelava. “We have to explain to the pregnant woman that the delivery with the epidural anes-thesia is already pathologic childbirth; that it may slow down labor and in-crease the odds for caesarian sections. Some medical research shows that the medication that is used in epidural anesthesia remains in the baby’s body and causes longer-term problems in the development of the infant’s respi-ratory system,” she adds. “Th ere are many non-medical methods of pain relief,” says Antelava, adding, “yes, they

are not so eff ective as epidural, but help pregnant woman stand the pain, which is normal.”

Dr Punnet Bedi, consultant obste-trician and gynecologist at Indrapr-astha Apillo Hospital in New Delhi, said that the epidural signifi cantly re-duces labor pains in about 70 percent of women. “Painless delivery is a myth, though in most cases the pain is re-duced signifi cantly,” explains Dr Bedi.

Th ere are diff erent attitudes and opinions about painless delivery among pregnant women themselves. Ana Bakhia, 21, is in the sixth month of her fi rst pregnancy. “I prefer natural childbirth. I know that epidural anes-

thesia is a safe method, but anyway,” she says, “I’d rather do without.”

Tata Matikashvili, 23, a journalist, has already delivered her fi rst child by the epidural anesthesia. “I have a fear of any pain, and when doctors explained epidural anesthesia to me, I decided to use this method without hesitation,” she said. She was attentive during the labor and had no symptoms after the childbirth. “My son and I feel ourselves very healthy and happy,” she added.

“Th e safest way to make a good decision is to have full information about every case, especially when we are talking about a mother’s and child’s life,” suggested Dr. Gelagutashvili

Epidural Anesthesia Causes Uneasy Reactions Are benefits worth the risk?Ketevan APTSIAURI

photo by Temo Bardzimashvili

November 2nd should have seen

the end of a mass immunization

campaign. The plan was for every-

one between the ages of 6 and 27

to be immunized against measles

and rubella. Posters on the walls

of Tbilisi polyclinics warned people

that vaccination was the only way to

avoid these viruses. “Vaccine is safe,

vaccination is free”, they stated. Un-

fortunately, not everyone agreed.

Tamar Manjavidze is the public re-lations offi cer of the Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Aff airs. She explains that the mass immunization campaign aimed at covering the entire country, and that it was part of an internation-ally planned campaign taking place across the world. “If we are a part of Europe we must settle the questions of health in the same way as Europe”, she said.

UNICEF was one of the campaign’s supporting organizations. According to Tamar Ugulava, head of UNICEF’s health programs, the Georgian gov-ernment, World Health Organization, UNICEF and the Georgian Red Cross signed a memorandum, under which Georgia joined European countries in an eff ort to eradicate measles and ru-

bella, she says nine people died from these preventable diseases.

UNICEF supported the campaign by supplying vaccines, cold storage and safe containers for the vaccine, and led communication and social mobilization eff orts to inform society about the campaign. “In total 1,922 vaccination centers and mobile immu-nization teams were set up and 4,000 skilled immunization workers were re-trained for the campaign, a million doses of measles and rubella vaccines have been purchased and delivered all across the country,” the UNICEF web-site says.

Vaccination started on October 20. Th e target group consisted of 1,200,000 people, and in three days 18 percent of total amount were vaccinated, but while by the end of October this num-ber grew only to 31 percent.

Th e Ministry of Health says this low take-up rate is due to the media. A couple of days after the vaccinations began, national television ran stories about children who had become ill after having the vaccine administered, often blaming the incident on the sup-posedly low-quality serum, which was manufactured in India. Th e Ministry’s press offi cer Manjavidze says this in-formation was misleading, she says all of the symptoms reported, including giddiness, trembling and headaches, are normal, mild side eff ects, that you

expect to see in between fi ve and fi f-teen percent of those vaccinated.

Doctor and immunologist Diana Lashkhia led the immunization cam-paign at children’s polyclinic #20. She had four teams working on the cam-paign, and insists that all of the vac-cine was stored safely. She says all the side eff ects were routine. “3,000 were immunized in this polyclinic. Th ere were some mild cases of post-vaccine complications, one child was taken to hospital for two hours,” said Diana Lashkhia.

Tamar Ugulava of UNICEF also blames the media. “Negative informa-tion on the television caused panic in the population. Believe me, not a single child needed intensive care, only mild symptoms were appearing,” she said.

Teona Korchilava, vaccinated both her children. Afterwards, her 15-year-old son Giga became ill. Although it was not necessary for him to be hos-pitalized, he was confi ned to his bed with a strong headache and high tem-perature for three days. “I was very scared, Giga was so weak. Th e doc-tor told us that it was normal in some cases after the injection, but it was not much comfort. I have vaccinated all my children and nothing like this has ever happened before,” said Korchilava.

Nino Sikharulidze didn’t vaccinate her children. “I was going to immunize them, but after I heard information

about other children becoming sick, I changed my mind. I think vaccinations are important for children, but I am not sure of the safety of this specifi c vaccine and I could not risk exposing my children’s health to danger.

Paata Imnadze, the director of the National Centre of Disease Control, claims this vaccine is used in almost every country of Europe, in central Asian countries and in Armenia and Azerbaijan, but problems only arose in Georgia and in Ukraine. “One man died in Ukraine during vaccination, and this caused panic, but according to the diagnosis of every international expert, his death was not connected to the vaccination. As for Georgia, about 350 people fainted, that’s all,” he said.

On November 18, Imnadze vac-cinated his children publicly, to try to persuade people of the safety of the vaccine. “Naturally I would not do something like that if I had even a little

doubt of the security of this vaccina-tion,” he announced.

Mass immunization campaigns are only considered successful when 95 percent of the target group has been vaccinated. Th is campaign has fallen far short of the goal.

“In Tbilisi we have 15 percent cov-erage, and this low turnout is seen in other big cities as well. But in the provinces, for example in Samtskhe-Javakheti, in Khulo district in Adjara, Tsalenjikha and Martvili districts in Samegrelo, almost hundred percent of the target group was vaccinated,” de-clared Imnadze. According to his fi g-ures, approximately 46 percent of the total was vaccinated across Georgia.

Th e immunization campaign should have fi nished on November 2, but the low turnout ment it would continue. Anyone wanting to avoid measles or rubella can be vaccinated free of charge on an ongoing basis.

Vaccine TroublesScarce information leads to low turnoutIa GAVASHELI


Jafarova’s mother is a school teach-er and makes GEL 200 (US $ 140) per month. Her father works at a Turkish company, and his earnings depend on day-work. Sara estimates the total in-come of the family of four as not more than GEL 800 (US $ 570) per month. “We need at least 10 lari (US $ 7) every week only for baby diapers for my son,” she says.

Th e expenditures of a family with a newborn child go beyond the costs of delivery itself. A child needs a bed, bath, pram, clothes, diapers, bottles, toys, cream, powder, and many other things. Jafarova says it costs from GEL 560 to 700 (US $ 400-500) to buy the most necessary things. “It may cost even more if you buy more expensive things, but 560 lari (US $ 400) is a min-imum,” she says. Jafarova remembers her parents paid GEL 140 (US $ 100) for a pram for her fi rst son.

Mzia Ambroliani, a pediatrician who has worked in Tbilisi clinics for 38 years, says that situation has changed a lot for the last 10 years. Pediatrician

Ambroliani says that she was taking care of 100-120 children every month a decade ago, while now the number decreased to 52.

Dr. Ambroliani thinks that eco-nomic situation is now better than 10 years ago, and insurance policies help a lot young parents, but: “Th e main reason why the birth rate decreases every month is young people’s atti-tude towards family. Th ey prefer liv-ing separately, and it makes life very diffi cult for a young family to earn enough money to have more than two children.”

Ambroliani says that government does its best to help young families. Th e children under three can make vaccination for free. Th ere are also some free medicines for children. But

the pediatrician also agrees that the high price for diapers and baby food aff ects the birth rate in the country.

Sophia Jashi, a 38-year-old obste-

trician-gynecologist, has worked at St. Jacobs and St. Anna Hospital for 16 years. Six years ago, Dr. Jashi delivered her twins here. But as the twins were

born premature, she spent one month with them at the hospital. “It cost us almost 1,400 lari (US $ 1,000) as the babies needed special treatment and medicines,” recollects Dr. Jashi.

Clinical Director Dr. Bakradze says costs of delivery at St. Jacobs and St. Anna Maternity Hospital vary from 450 to 910 lari (US $ 320-650).

However, Dr. Bakradze says that a woman may deliver a child for free if she applies to participate in State Program of Maternity Protection. In this case, all expenses connected with pregnancy and delivery of a child will be covered from the state budget. Dr. Bakradze says the Program applies to all women. To be eligible for this Pro-gram, a woman needs to get registered in her district. At the same time, any woman, regardless of her income, may apply to the maternity welfare center for a free delivery, paid by the State Program.

In this case, the state pays to the hospital GEL 200 (US $ 140) to cover the delivery expenditures. But being a participant of the Program, a woman has no opportunity to choose a doctor, and she sacrifi ces some comforts of a privately fi nanced delivery.

(Continued from page one)

We need at least 10 lari every week only for diapers

Anuka Tavartkiladze is a non-smok-

er; she is 24 years old, single, and

spends every weekend at night-

clubs. She frequents the music bar

“Kubik Rubik,” or Rubic’s Cube, on

Baratashvili Avenue.

Every night when she returns home, her clothes are saturated with the smell of the bar — her coat, her trousers, even her underwear smell unmistakably of cigarettes.

Th e Parliamentary Healthcare and social issues committee is now work-ing on a draft law about tobacco con-trol in Georgia. Th e draft law suggests limiting smoking in every public place, including bars, restaurants and discos more strictly. It’s already been ap-proved by parliament in its fi rst hear-ing, and if it is approved at the second and third hearings it will come into force. Similar legislation has already been passed in several European coun-tries in recent years.

From January 1st of 2008, cigarettes are forbidden in every public place, in-cluding restaurants, bars and discos in France. In England smoking has been prohibited in all work places since July 2007; in Spain — from January, 2006; and since January 2005 smoking has been banned from cafes, bars and metro stations.

Smoking in Georgia is already banned in public buildings, in institu-tions of education and healthcare, on public transport and at cafes where it is forbidden to sell alcohol, such as Mc Donald’s.

If the new law is passed, buildings open to the public will have to have smoking areas, which cannot be larger than 50 % of the whole space.

Th e draft law is still in the process of development, and it has not been decided whether smoking areas will be in a central hall, or if they must be physically separated. Chairman of the

Healthcare and social issues commit-tee, Temur Toidze, says there’s just no point for banning smoking every-where, because the public will protest and ignore the law “I know, people will have lots of diff erent complaints: ‘Th ey could not think of anything cleverer,’ ‘It’s not time for it,’ ‘let us smoke’ and so on. Th at’s why I argue that Georgian society is not ready for a total ban at this time. Th ere should be tables for smokers and nonsmokers in every bar, cafe or restaurant,” says Toidze.

Tobacco Control Alliance in Geor-gia is working on the draft law together with Toidze’s committee. Deputy chief of the alliance, Giorgi Magradze, says that according to international stan-dards, smoking areas should be sepa-rated from non smoking areas, and not visible from outside. “We are try-ing to achieve international standards with this law. It does not make sense to put smoking and nonsmoking tables together, the smoke will still harm nonsmokers, we are trying to make changes in the draft law, but there is a serious problem because the govern-ment is being lobbied by industry and does not want to tighten the law about tobacco control,” he says.

Committee chairman Toidze says

that any tobacco control legislation must not hurt business. “We can total-ly prohibit smoking in Georgia, every-body will be healthy, but the economy would be harmed seriously, the to-bacco business brings a huge amount of money into the country’s budget,” he says.

Some cafes in Tbilisi have already tried to separate smoking and non-smoking areas.

Manager of the Vake hangout Cafe COFFEE GE, Lika Chlaidze says: “We have four rooms, and two of them are

nonsmoking areas, but for about six months it has been forbidden to smoke in one of them till seven o’clock, we did this because in the evenings there are many more smokers in our cafe than nonsmokers, and clients used to ask us to add seats for smokers.”

Nearby Donuts Cafe has two sec-tions for smokers and one for non-smokers. “We have many foreign customers, also children, and that’s why our cafe has a large nonsmoking section, but smokers do not like this place, and when there are only seats for nonsmokers they regret eating our do-nuts and leave our cafe”, says waitress Ia Inasaridze. However, she thinks that even if the whole place were smoke free, people would still come “people love donuts too much: they will come and endure”.

Natia Bukia and Giorgi Ortoidze are the owners of Kubik Rubik. It is permitted to smoke everywhere in the establishment. Th ere are two other owners of the bar, and all four of them are heavy smokers, like almost all their clients. Th at’s one of the reasons pa-trons go home with a certain aroma.

“I would not be happy if smoking is restricted in bars in Georgia. We do not have enough space to separate

a smoking area, I think if they did re-strict smoking, we’d have to forbid it in the whole space, and it would seriously harm our business”, says Bukia while lighting another cigarette.

According to data from the Tobac-co Control Alliance, there are almost two million smokers in Georgia, some of whom are dancing and smoking in this bar today.

Tinano Javakhishvili and Anka Jgenti oppose banning smoking in bars, and clubs, as they spend almost every evening in such

places. “Sometimes we don’t have money for drinks, and the cigarettes are our only friends, smoking and dancing is the best combination”, says Tinano.

“However, there should be places for non-smokers in bars, people are hurt because of us, I know,” adds Anka.

“Smokers have their rights ,but they face larger ones — non-smokers’ rights,” declares committee chairman Toidze. Government, he says, has to defend the rights and the health of people who do not smoke, but at the same time, he says, he is not sure that this law will work. “I do not know who will control smoking in bars and clubs, maybe the owners themselves. Th ere are some adminis-trative fi nes for smoking on transport, at the metro station and so on, but no one controls them, I think in this case it will be the same”.

“Th e Patrol Police should control the issue,” says Magradze, representa-tive of the Tobacco control Alliance in Georgia. “Th e control system should be organized like the system of traffi c control. Today, if the Patrol Police gives a fi ne for smoking, the person who has been fi ned must go to court, and it is very long process, only the will of gov-ernment will solve the problem”.

According to the Administrative Violations Code of Georgia, those who smoke on public transport should be fi ned fi ve lari, for a second violation, GEL 50. Meanwhile, the administra-tion of the public transport service will be fi ned GEL 200. All this is the responsibility of the Patrol Police, but policemen Dato Abramidze says he has never fi ned a smoker. “We are patrolling in cars, we never travel on buses or in mini buses, and therefore we have never encountered smoking on public transport.”

As for the metro, it is controlled by

the metro patrol. Controller of metro station Delisi2, Marina Razmadze says they do not permit smoking, but don’t fi ne those who do light up in the sta-tion. One metro patrol offi cer, who refused to be identifi ed, tells a similar tale. “Th ere are no fi nes, only warn-ings,” he said.

Th e second hearing of the draft-law is planned in December, and it will come to force starting next year, after the third hearing, ushering in a new era for both smokers and nonsmokers in Georgia.

Th e Tobacco Control Alliance says their research shows that the regula-tions will be a success. Despite fears of protests from heavy-smoking Ital-ians, café and bar owners there are de-lighted, claiming patrons eat and drink much more without a cigarette in their hands. And in France, the nation that gave the world Gauloise, the smoking ban has led to a whole new means of communication: smokers huddling in doorways are now getting to know one another. Who knows how many Pa-risien romances have started like this:

— It’s pretty cold here— Yeah, I’m freezing— My name is Francois— I’m Chantalle, nice to meet you

here— You don’t have a spare cigarette,

do you?..Perhaps, the same will happen in

Georgia.

Cigarettes – Friends and Killers

Costs of Childbirth

Marinka GHARIBASHVILI

Smokers have their rights, but they face larger ones — nonsmokers’ rights


Five-year-old Nika never speaks.

When he is hungry he holds his

mother’s hand and takes her into

the kitchen, pointing to the food he

would like to eat.

In kindergarten, Nika likes turn-ing round objects and playing with puzzles. Sometimes he avoids eye con-tact and hides his blue eyes behind his raised elbow.

Nika is autistic.Eka Maisuradze, 40, Nika’s mother,

is a biologist by profession, and she sensed something was wrong with her son. She went into a period of mourn-ing when doctors diagnosed her three-year-old son with autism.

“I felt I’d completely lost my son,” Maisuradze said, “he quit talking with us and started watching TV commer-cials and musical clips all day long, alienated from his environment. He didn’t play with me, his father or with his peers.”

Th ere are no statistics on how many autistic children live in Georgia, nor are there special centers where par-ents can get a diagnosis or treatment for their children.

In 2008, the Georgian A. Lachkebi-ani Association of Child Neurologists and Neurosurgeons obtained a grant

of GEL 100,000 ($ 69,000) from the government for two-year program to research the diagnostic and epidemio-logical issues associated with autism in Georgia. Th e program includes pur-chasing psychological tools for identi-fi cation and detection of autism’s spec-trum of disorders.

Autism is a life-long brain disorder that is normally diagnosed in early childhood. People with autism have diffi culties communicating and form-ing relationships. Th e syndrome is characterized by repetitive behaviors. Individuals with autism vary in their functional abilities: from those with no speech and limited cognitive ability to those of high IQ and highly focused interests and abilities.

Th e causes of autistic spectrum dis-orders are unknown and hotly debat-ed. Some experts believe that genetics are a component, making a child pre-disposed to autism or responsive to an environmental trigger.

According to the World Health Or-

ganization, on average one out of hun-dred children in the world is autistic. On the basis of this data there are an estimated 900-1,300 autistic children in Georgia.

“Nowadays in Georgia we have no capacity to diagnose autism,” said Nana Tatishvili, the head of Georgia’s Lachkebiani Association for Neurolo-gists and Neurosurgeons, “mostly doc-tors are like fortunetellers; they have only doubts and no information about such kind of disorders.”

She stressed the signifi cance of early detection of the disease for treat-ment. “When a child is already grown up with various impairments and can’t communicate or go to school, only af-terwards do therapists label the disor-der ‘autism’,” Tatishvili said.

Th e therapists involved in the pro-gram have obtained screening tests that are necessary to spot particular impairments. Th ose might be speech or other mental health problems.

Selected children with doubts about autistic spectrum disorders are due to undergo further checking for fi nal di-agnosis. Th ere are two kinds of tests used at the fi nal stage that are adopted in worldwide practice: diagnostic in-terviews and diagnostic observations. Th ese are questionnaires for children made up by psychiatrists and neurolo-gists.

“For our primary stage, that is all we can do,” Tatishvili said, “scientists

involved in the project are going to screen 3,000 children in two Tbilisi districts, Dighomi and Vake and cal-culate the percentage of children with autistic disorders.”

Th is research will enable therapists to diagnose autism in children, and to get statistics of how many autistic chil-dren need to get treatment.

Maia Gabunia, the general secre-tary of the Lachkebiani Association, said the number of autistic children revealed in Tbilisi couldn’t necessar-ily be generalized to other regions of Georgia as well. However, in the wake of the research there are supposed to be screening tests in each region. But fi nal diagnostic screening should be preferably taken at M. Iashvili Child Central Hospital.

“Th is research is essential because after its completion, we can get an actual number of autistic children, so that our government will confront the obvious problem. But until it has been done we can’t talk about further steps,

such as treatment of these children or forming special centers for them.”

Maisuradze said she made frantic calls, not knowing where to go, when her son Nika was diagnosed with au-tism. Doctors concluded that he con-tracted the disease on the basis of a metabolic disorder. Later Maisuradze discovered that there were no special clinics or treatment centers for chil-dren like Nika.

A year ago she visited La Maison Verte in Tbilisi, the so-called Green House, a French NGO that operates on the basis of psychoanalytical school founded by Françoise Dolto. It’s a kin-dergarten for emotionally disturbed children ages one to four, intended to prepare them for their pre-school period. Th ere are approximately 30 children enrolled, with various mental disorders, including ten with autism.

Marina Tarasashvili, the head of La Maison Verte in Tbilisi, said that par-ents here can talk to psychologists and explain symptoms they observe in their children’s behavior. “Children come here diagnosed with autism but some of them aren’t autistic at all,” she said, “as there are no methods of screening this disease. We have a common ap-proach to involve children into com-munication process by playing games with them, talking and teaching.”

Tarasashvili and other two psy-chologists teach children how to build towers with multiple play-cubes and identify subjects by pictures.

“Th is is a ball,” Tarasashvili showed a paper-replica of a ball. She asked Nika to bring the same subject of a dif-ferent size on recent May afternoon. Nika wheeled around and rushed ea-gerly towards a shelf cluttered with a heap of toys.

“Some of them can’t talk but they speak through their body language,” Tarasashvili said. “Th ey look like plants. Th ey breathe, get nutrition, but don’t respond. One can only guess what they imply.”

Tarasashvili added the Green House isn’t enough for autistic children.

Claude Bovkobza, a child psy-chologist and the president of Espace Analytique (French school of psycho-analysts), during her recent fi ve-day visit to Georgia, compared the situa-tion here with France in terms of au-tism detection and treatment.

“We complain that we haven’t enough places for autistic children,” she said, “but we have many designated schools, with a specialized teacher and a head of the school who is a trained psychoanalyst.” Money is allocated by the French State, through social insur-ance. As Bovkobza said, there are also separate kindergartens exclusively for autistic children.

“Everybody agrees that these chil-

dren are ill,” she said, “they need spe-cial education.”

Nana Tatishvili doesn’t agree with the treatment methodology that La Maison Verte pursues. She says it is not comprehensive, because this dis-ease requires many specialists includ-ing neurologists, psychoanalysts, psy-chiatrists, occupational therapists and speech therapists. Th e resources avail-able are insuffi cient.

Apart from La Maison Verte, there is the Child And Environment Kinder-garten, an NGO sponsored by UNI-CEF (the United Nations Children’s Fund) and World Vision, an interna-tional Christian relief and develop-ment organization. Its a kindergarten for disabled children with various mental health problems.

Th ere are two rooms in the kin-dergarten. Th e walls are decorated with drawings and paintings made by children. Th ere is special equipment: a wheelchair, triangles, cubes, rectan-gles, balls of diff erent colors are scat-tered on crimson carpet. Th is room is used mostly for morning exercises. Ten desks stand in the center of an-

other room, where children together with psychologists, gingerly build up towers with cubes and learn language skills at their own pace.

Taduli Kekenadze, the head of NGO said Nika developed many imitative skills since he had come to kindergar-ten. He has made progress in identify-ing shapes by using three-dimensional objects. Th e kindergarten pursues an inclusive method of learning. At the end of the day children join their peers from a regular kindergarten, which is located in the same building.

However, parents of autistic chil-dren say they face the problem of stigma. “Generally families in Georgia tend to hide if they have such kind of problems because they are stigmatized from society, Maisuradze said. Doctors say socializing with regular children is crucial so that children like Nika can develop imitative skills, and become better able to communicate.

“No one can be sure that his or her children won’t have such kind of dis-order,” Maisuradze said, “as for me, I have never thought that my child would have it.”

Unmet Needs of Autistic YouthRising Number of Autistic Children In Georgia Lack Treatment Eka CHITANAVA

Everybody agrees that these children are ill, they need special treatment and special treatment is special education

photos by Eka Chitanava

The Caucasus School of Journalism and Media Management - the first western-style graduate

school of journalism in the Caucasus Master’s degree programs in journalism, media and

communication management Classes taught by Georgian, American and French journalism

professionals International student body Proven record of employment www.gipa.ge



Journalist Margarita Akhvlediani

heard how the Ossetian soldier

cocked the gun against her fore-

head. He held the gun there for 15

minutes.

“His eyes were gray blue, the same color as the gun,” Akhvlediani says, “I still cannot understand why he didn’t just kill me.”

Akhvlediani, who has covered con-flicts for 15 years, says she was not afraid at the time. But now, months later, that gun reappears in her life once in a while.

“I may have a very usual dream, that I’m sitting in my office, writing an article and suddenly this gun is gazing at my forehead,” Akhvlediani says, “sometimes when I lean over to throw a piece of paper into the trash can, from there a gun is ‘looking’ at me.”

Dreaming of past negative events is one of the symptoms of the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. Other symptoms include hypersensi-tivity and phobias relating to negative experiences connected to the trau-matic incident. Commonly, PTSD affects people who have lived through a war or conflict, natural disasters or violence. It changes one’s life, says Jana Javakhishvili, a psychologist for the non-governmental organization Global Initiative of Psychiatry (GIP).

“A traumatic event must exist to develop this syndrome,” Javakhishvili says, adding, “the traumatic event is something unexpected, that interferes with a person’s life, is very intensive, threatens it, and not only changes the way of living but also one’s perception of the world, and even oneself.”

The incident with the Ossetian Soldiers caused a sense of remorse for Akhvlediani, as she recalls. She trave-led to the conflict with her husband, 46-year-old doctor Sergo Japaridze.

“It was awful… for me it was ok, because I was on assignment, but what about my husband?” she says, “they might kill us both. He had nothing to do with that.”

Akhvlediani and her husband were on holiday on the coast when war broke out in August, and she was sent to Gori — at the center of the conflict. Akhvlediani had to write a story about the war for American newspaper The Nation. She and her husband were about 20 miles from Gori when they saw soldiers shooting in their direc-

tion without warning. The separatist soldiers held them at gunpoint for 15 minutes before taking the car and the camera. Despite the life-threatening experience, Japaridze does not regret his decision to go to the conflict area with his wife; on the contrary, he says it has benefited their relationship.

“I do respect her more,” Japaridze says, “I’m not sorry it happened, it made us closer. She is doing all right I guess. I hope she is telling me everything she is feeling. I do not

think that it will ever go completely and it has been two months. Let’s talk in a year. This kind of situation is too difficult to handle and to completely forget or to completely put aside.”

PTSD was first diagnosed after the Vietnam War, when soldiers retur-

ning home had difficulties readjus-ting to normal life. However it can affect anyone who has undergone a traumatic experience, and journalists covering wars and conflicts are at risk. Kevin Mackiernan, an American jour-nalist, has covered Iraqi war exten-sively. He says that upon his return he found he couldn’t do ordinary things with his family. After coming home, Mckiernan needed time to realize that he was suffering from posttraumatic stress, and that it was caused by his

time covering the war in Iraq.“I did not want to go to the movies;

I did not want to go to parties,” Mckiernan says, “why go to the movies and watch silliness when I had seen real things? I became somewhat anti-social I think. I think it is very hard in

a personal relationship because people have needs on both sides of a rela-tionship.”

Mckiernan was in Iraq for ABC News in 2003 and in 2004. After he went the second time, he says, he beca-me more adjusted to the distressing scenes he witnessed in the war. But he says he is still vulnerable to human tragedies and contradicts the idea that the journalists are beyond shocks, that they “can see loss, death, suffering, wounds, widows, orphans, families blown up, buildings destroyed, piles of fresh skulls on the ground, and we can look at all them and we can just say well, it’s just a way of life,” Mckiernan says, adding, that indeed, it is “some-thing that tells you that it is the awful, awful world that we live in. I am still affected by seeing people killed.”

Mckiernan turned to a psychologist to help him recover from PTSD, and is now in a good mental health. But 22-year-old Temo Kighuradze does not think he needs a psychologist. He saw his two fellow journalists killed by his side when they were trying to escape the bullets of Ossetian troops. They were covering Georgian-Russian conflict, and trying to enter the town of Tskhinvali, the South Ossetian separatist capital. Entering Tskhinvali, Kighuradze, who was covering the conflict for the Georgian newspaper The Messenger, and his friends appro-ached one block post and said “Hello” to the soldiers there in Georgian. But they had mistaken separatist fighters for Georgian troops, who immediately began to shoot. As Kighuradze recalls, it all happened in about ten seconds, then “Giga Chikhladze was the first to die; he got a bullet right in his heart. Sasha Klimchuk had a bullet in his heart and limbs. He was lying one meter in front of me. When I got shot, I fell down and lay on the ground. The Ossetians came and beat us and took us for questioning.”

After that the soldiers took Kighuradze and his colleague, The Messenger’s editor, American citizen Winston Featherly, to a hospital in Tskhinvali, and then to Vladikavkaz, in the Russian Federation, where they spent about two weeks. Months after the incident, Kighuradze says he’s not suffering from PTSD, and has not sought professional help. Even so, he admits that certain things have chan-ged about him.

“When I was a kid, I liked weapons as maybe all boys like playing a lot of weapons,” Kighuradze says, adding that now he cannot understand a lot of his friends talking enthusiastically about weapons.

Not acknowledging PTSD is com-mon among journalists all over the world, as Dart Center journalist Arnessa Garrett says.

According to Garrett, it is very

hard to get journalists to talk about their own PTSD or to acknowledge their own post-traumatic stress.” But sometimes their mental state gets to the point that is so bad that it affects their work. They go to see a thera-pist.”

The Dart Center is an American organization, which collaborates with journalists who cover conflicts and other traumatic situations. They send teams to newsrooms, and help Journalists handle PTSD and instruct them how to cover traumatic events and how to talk to victims. Journalist for the Georgian newspaper Rezonansi Tamta Karchava has experienced this first hand: not only has she had to talk to the victims of war when covering conflicts, but she has also been a vic-tim herself.

Sixteen years ago Karchava fled from the bombardment of her nati-ve city of Sokhumi, in breakaway Abkhazia. She was 14 years old then. Stepping over dead bodies on the road, she was lucky to escape the shelling. Her two brothers died in the Abkhazian war, and Karchava’s chil-dhood trauma surfaced again during the war this August. Her experiences have left her with two lasting phobias: crossing bridges and hearing planes.

“As soon as it gets dark, I become scared that someone will come and shoot me,” Karchava says, “that’s why our security man sees me off every evening.” For her, car engines seem to resemble the sound of a plan. “When I cross bridges, I have the feeling that it might explode,” Karchava adds.

Journalists like Akhvlediani and Karchava both think that they have suffered from the effects of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. But althou-gh they acknowledge this, they have not sought any professional help. Temo Kighuradze, despite having undergone an immensely traumatic event, says is not experiencing any difficulties. In fact, according to GIP psychologist Jana Javakhishvili, not a single Georgian journalist interviewed here, has approached for help with PTSD, or related disorders.

“It is partly because going to psychologist is stigmatized: they say to themselves ‘only crazy people go to psychologists,’” Javakhishvili says.

However, there are signs things might be changing. On October 17th and 18th Tbilisi hosted a conferen-ce concerning psychological trauma. Along with Jana Javikhishvili and her colleagues from Global Initiative of Psychiatry, journalists Temo Kighuradze, Margarita Akhvlediani and Kevin Mckiernan participated. Jana Javakhishvilin hopes such kind of conferences will help circulate expe-riences among journalists and psycho-logists that can be helpful for the both sides.

Rusudan PANOZISHVILITsira GVASALIA

More than Just JournalismOn the verge of consciousness

I still don’t remember why he did not kill me. It was normal from logical point of view. He had green blue eyes, the same color as the gun

Your realiable source of information

catch the right wave


Georgia does not grow genetically

modified food, but consumers re-

ceive products with genetically

changed structures from the out-

side of the country.Generally these products are im-

ported from the the USA, Argentina, Canada, China, France, Brazil, Spain, as well as Ukraine and Russia.

Th e Green Movement of Georgia, established in 1989, monitors geneti-cally modifi ed (GM) products. Ac-cording to Giorgi Magradze, chief of the Green Movement of Georgia, to-day in Georgia there is no legislation related to regulation of GM products. Th e only document is the decree of Parliament of Georgia prohibiting the import and cultivation of GM potatos in Georgia, adopted in 1997.

“In this situation, when there is no legislation to control GM products and the government does not under-take any steps to resolve the problem, the unique biodiversity of the country and interest of the consumers become especially vulnerable,” said Magradze.

Nia Giuashvili, the Senior Spe-cialist who deals with health issues within the Department at the Minis-try of Labor, Health and Social Aff airs, mentioned that there is no consensus.

Some members of parliament think that Georgia should declare a ban on GM food as in Europe’s case; oth-ers feel that it would be impossible to regulate.

“All products should be labeled whether they are genetically modi-

fi ed or not. Without the law, export and import of food is unregulated in Georgia. Th ere is no control on GM products,” Giuashvili said. None of the laws which the Green Party has helped to draft have been adopted by Parliament yet.

In 1994 Georgia signed the Con-vention on Biological Diversity. By 2005 Georgia should have prepared for ratifi cation of Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, an addition to the Con-vention aimed at regulation of GM food world-wide. However, by Febru-

ary 2008 Georgia still had not ratifi ed Cartagena Protocol. In 2006 it was twice presented to the Parliament, but did not pass either time. “Th is ratifi ca-tion plays very important role to pro-tect biosafety and people. Th e buyers should know what kind of food they are buying,” said Magradze.

Labeling of GM foods and prod-ucts is also a controversial issue. On the whole, agribusiness industries be-lieve that labeling should be voluntary and infl uenced by the demands of the free market. If consumers show pref-erence for labeled foods over non-la-beled foods, then industry will have the incentive to regulate itself.

According to Lia Zhorzholiani, a therapist, it should be written on the products whether they are genetically modifi ed or not. GM products grow very fast, look attractive, but have no taste and contain substances with free radicals that might cause cancer, al-lergy reaction, immune reaction, liver and lung disease.

Magrazde said, there are no ways of fi nding out the ingredients of prod-ucts in Georgia. Th e Greens of Geor-gia occasionally check diff erent prod-ucts and send samples for analyses in laboratories of Germany. “But we cannot aff ord it very often. It is very expensive. In this case government should support us,” he said.

GM Food Challenges RegulatorsSeymur KAZIMOV

Georgians Buy More Online

Three weeks ago, strolling down on

Chavchavadze Avenue 26-year-old

football player Irakli Sikharulidze

noticed a nice coat in a shop win-

dow.

Entering the shop, he found out that the Calvin Klein coat coast a whopping $800. But just a few days later, Sikharulidze found the same coat on Zappos website for a much lower price.

“I heard about internet shopping from a friend. She told me that I could fi nd many famous brands online, and I started searching for Calvin Klein. When I found the same coat that I’d seen in the shop, it was just $450, I was pretty surprised,” said Sikharulidze.

He decided to buy coat straight from the website, cutting out the mid-dleman. Two weeks later, and he re-ceived his coat, paying just $450, plus $63 for shipping.

Online shopping is relatively novel in Georgia.

In Tbilisi, the trend took off just a couple of years ago. But while in Eu-rope and America, the most purchased items on the internet are books, here in Georgia clothes, shoes and accesso-ries are in demand.

“I became interested in internet shopping two years ago. My friend lives in America, and she advised me to visit the Victoria’s Secret web-site. At fi rst I was skeptical, I couldn’t imagine buying clothes or shoes with-out trying them on. Today 80 percent of my clothes and shoes are from

Victoria’s Secret. I am so taken with internet shopping that I can’t stop,” said 32-year-old journalist Keti Ni-zharadze.

Nineteen-year-old singer Gvanca Zakareishvili uses Amazon very often. But while she buys clothes over inter-net, she doesn’t risk buying shoes.

“It’s hard to buy shoes only by see-ing a photo. Once I did, and I received a pair of lovely pumps, but I couldn’t wear them, because they were very uncomfortable. I prefer to buy pull-overs, t-shirts, dresses and accesso-ries,” she said.

Every day millions of people all around the world buy diff erent goods without going to any physical store. Th is convenient service has been available since the early 1990s, when Charles Stack created the fi rst online book store, Book Stacks Unlimited (in 1992).

Internet shopping has become in-creasingly popular in recent years. More than 85 percent of the world’s online population has used the in-ternet to buy something, increasing the market for online shopping by 40 percent in the past two years — ac-cording to the latest Nielsen Global Online Survey on internet shopping habits cited by the Earth Times On-line Newspaper.

Amazon, EBay, Zappos, Victoria’s Secret, Best Buy are the trendiest and some of the most visited online shops in the world.

Online shoppers commonly use credit cards to make payments, but there are other ways. Some systems enable users to create accounts and pay by various types of electronic

money, cash on delivery, check, postal orders and so on.

George Bekarashvili founded Luckyshop.GE in March of 2008. It is a mediator site between Georgian consumers and American Internet shops. With the help of this website you can buy anything online, even without a bank account or credit card.

“Many users of internet shops think that the procedure connected with buying certain goods is very compli-cated. Th at’s why I created Luckyshop.GE. All the customer has to do is to fi nd the thing that he wants to buy on a website, then come to our offi ce and show me the item. Th e buyer pays cash before arrival of the parcel. We take plus 14 percent of shipping per item for our service,” said George Bek-arashvili.

14 percent of shipping for one item may seem a little expensive, but still, compared to the prices at stores in Tbilisi, it’s often a bargain.

“At online shops, clothes and shoes of famous brands, Armani, Hugo Boss Christian Lacroix and Missoni, are expensive too, but in Tbilisi prices are really crazy. A year ago I bought an Armani leather bag from an internet shop for $300, a few months ago I saw the same bag in Tbilisi, for $500,” said

45-year-old Maia Zhgenti.Some Internet shops, such as Vic-

toria’s Secret and Urban Original, have their own representations in Tbilisi. A consumer visits the website and chooses an item, the cost plus ship-ping is automatically charged onto the customer’s credit card, and then a rep-resentative delivers the parcel within two weeks to the customer’s address.

Shipping a small number of items, especially from foreign country, is more expensive than domestic one.

“I paid $15 for pumps at Urban Original. As I bought only one pair, the shipping was $25, so it turned out those pumps were actually cheaper than shipping. Next time my col-leagues and I have decided to buy things together on one credit card. Eight of us bought 14 pairs of shoes, this time shipping was $8 per pair of shoes,” said 20-year-old Tamar Chant-ladze.

DJ Kakha Kekoshvili goes for inter-net shopping for goods he can’t fi nd here.

“It’s almost impossible to buy a modern tape-recorder of a good qual-ity in Tbilisi. Even if you fi nd one, it coasts ten times more than abroad, that’s why I prefer to buy equipment online,” he said.

Fourty-three-year-old mountain-

climber David Chantladze uses inter-net shopping for his professional gear: “I think it is very convenient. Ten years ago I couldn’t have imagined that I could buy mountain climbing equipment over the internet.”

One of the hardest areas to deal with in online shopping is the delivery of the products. Most companies off er shipping insurance in case the prod-uct is lost or damaged; however, if the buyer opts not to purchase insurance on their products, they are not always lucky.

“I’ve been buying clothes online for years. A month ago I decided to buy beautiful dishes. When the par-cel arrived, two plates were broken. I emailed a complaint to the company, but they responded that my purchase was not insured,” said 56-year-old Nana Mghebrishvili.

Some shipping companies will off er refunds or compensation for damage, but it is up to their discre-tion.

Natalie NOZADZE

Shopping websites:

www.zappos.com

www.victoriassecret.com

www.amazon.com

www.earthtimes.org

www.ebay.com

www.bestbuy.com

www.luckyshop.ge

While in Europe and America the most purchased items on the internet are books, here in Georgia clothes, shoes and accessories are in demand


140,000 disabled citizens of Georgia

have to live on GEL 65 per month.

Underdeveloped infrastructure does

not allow them to get proper edu-

cation and compete for jobs with an

able-bodied population.

Twenty-six-year-old Merab Du-kashvili lives with his parents and 18-year-old sister in Samgori district in Tbilisi. In many ways he’s typical of young men of his age: he listens to the same music, writes hip-hop lyrics, has a girlfriend and is a sports fan. But Du-kashvili is diff erent. He doesn’t work or study. Except for rare occasions, he spends his days at home, confi ned to a wheelchair.

When Dukashvili was in the 8th grade, he started experiencing back pain. In June 1997, an operation was performed on his spine, and since then he hasn’t been able to move without assistance. He never fi nished school or attended university. Without a proper education, Dukashvili has no chance to get a job and earn money. Now he has to live on disability allow-ance provided by the government, an allowance that has just increased to GEL 65 a month, or about $40.

For Dukashvili, this money is not enough to live independently. “65 lari is not enough even to buy my toilet-ries,” he says.

Dukashvili needs to rely on the sup-port of his family. “It is hard for Merab to see that we need to buy clothes and shoes for him, and sometimes we can-not aff ord it,” his mother, Manana, says. She and her husband both work, but their total monthly income does not exceed GEL 300 ($180). Th e par-ents also support a younger daughter, who studies German in the Goethe In-stitute. “Without our support, Merab would have to beg,” says the mother.

Dukashvili’s situation is all too typical for disabled people in Geor-gia. According to data provided by the Social Department of the Minis-try of Health and Social Policy, about 140,000 people in Georgia receive the disability allowance. Rati Ionatamish-vili, a board member and PR offi cer of the Coalition for Independent Living, says from 40 to 50 percent of all dis-abled people are of working age, be-tween 18 and 60.

According to Ionatamishvili, the two main problems are Georgia’s underdeveloped infrastructure and a lack of educational opportunities for disabled people in the country. Ionatamishvili explains that disabled people cannot obtain secondary edu-cation as school buildings in Georgia are not adapted for children with re-stricted abilities. Public transporta-

tion and subways are also no go areas for the disabled of Georgia. “Without primary and secondary education, there is no chance to go on to higher education, and fewer chances to get a job,” says Ionatamishvili.

But disabled people do want to work. “Out of 10 disabled people I know personally, 11 want to work,” Ionatamishvili quips. “No one wants to sit at home. It’s a tragedy for them.” But far from just being a personal issue for the disabled, Ionat-amishvili says it is a tragedy for society at large, which “does not appreciate potential of people with disabilities.”

Natalia Sadradze is 27 years old. Like Merab Dukashidze, Sadradze is disabled: when she was 24, she was involved in a car accident and suff ered a spinal trauma. Now, she too is only able to move in a wheelchair. But un-like Dukashvili, Sadradze is one of the small minority of disabled Georgians who live independently, and have found employment. She works as a trainer for Coalition for Independent Living, and as an assistant to the head of the marketing department of the Public Register Agency, receiving and answering telephone calls. Th is job does not require being in the offi ce, so Sadradze can work from home.

Her total income is about GEL 1,100 ($670) per month — enough to live independently from her par-ents. She rents an apartment for $300 a month, and pays almost GEL 150 for gas, electricity and water. “Today

no one can live for 65 lari a month, whether you have disabilities or not,” she says. “With current prices, one’s minimum income should be about 1,000-1,500 lari.”

But Sadradze agrees that it is next to impossible for a disabled person to fi nd a job in Georgia. She found both her current jobs by chance, and says that if she had to search for a job now, she’d be unsuccessful. First of all, in her opinion, employers simply don’t want to hire disable people. Secondly, public transportation and buildings are not adapted for disabled people, prevent-ing them from taking offi ce jobs.

“For me, 65 lari is a dinner with a friend in a restaurant,” says Natalia. She says the government should pro-vide disabled people with possibilities for self-fulfi llment through improving the country’s infrastructure, instead of trying to compensate for their inabil-ity to work. “It’s better for a person to work and get money for his or her la-bour, than to receive charity from the Government — this is the only word I can fi nd for a 65-lari-allowance,” Sa-dradze says.

According to the National Bank of Georgia, in September 2008 a liv-ing wage for an adult man of working age in Georgia is GEL 125.2 ($76). So according to the government’s own

fi gures, the GEL 65 they provide is a mere 58 percent of the minimal sum needed to support a person in today’s Georgia.

But Amiran Dateshidze, a chief specialist of the Social Department of the Ministry of Health Care and Social Aff airs, says the living wage is not con-sidered while calculating allowances or pensions. “Normally, pensions are calculated on the basis of sums depos-ited by a person to his or her personal pension fund,” Dateshidze explains. In Georgia, pension funds do not exist, and therefore all state benefi ts, in-cluding the disability allowance, are set by the government. “In fact, these are not pen-sions, but a social allow-ance, and it is calculated by the government on the basis of available funds allocated for social needs from the state budget,” says Dateshidze.

Dateshidze explains that the level of infl ation is not taken into account, either. “Th ere is no index-ation of pensions, the govern-ment simply raises pensions from time to time,” he says. Th e amount of increase and its frequency depend on free funds in the state budget. Th e disability pension increased from GEL 55 to 65 in October 2008, and required an additional GEL 17 million ($10.5 million), to be allocated from the state budget.

Current legislation does not envis-age additional compensation for dis-abled people. Th e Law on Socio-Med-ical Expertise, adopted in December 2001, says that disabled people have the right to free medical and social care. Ionatamishvili, of the Coalition for Independent Living, mentions that people with minor disabilities have the right to free use of public transporta-tion. Disabled people in Georgia are also eligible for the government’s pov-erty reduction program. As a partici-pant of the program, a single-person household receives social allowances

Disabled Take a Crack at Job ReadinessBut are employers ready to give them a fair shake?

Beef

Chicken

Bread

Oil

Milk

Eggs

Sugar

Salt

Tea bags

Pasta

Buckwheat

Soft cheese

Soap and toothpaste

8 lari for 1 kg

10 lari

3.50 lari for 5 items

4 lari for 1 bottle

6 lari for 2 liters

6 lari for 2 dozens

1.50 for 1 kg

1 lari for 1 pack

2 lari for 1 pack

2 lari for 1 pack

2 lari for 1 pack

16 lari for 2 kg

4 lari

65 lari (US $40)disability pension

since October 2008

Irina VELSKANatia ANASTASIADI

With 65 lari you cannot buy:

Clothes and foot-wear

Gas, water and electricity

Fruit and vegetables

Transportation

Medical services and

medicines

Education

Recreation

Entertainment (cable TV,

books, media)

Communication (post,

Internet, telephone)

to the tune of GEL 30. If a household consists of more than one person, all other family members receive GEL 12 each, and members of the household receive an insurance voucher that gives them the right to free medical services.

While these allowances prevent disabled people from falling into des-titution, they don’t help them into work, but that doesn’t stop disabled people in Georgia from trying to en-ter the job market. Merab Dukashvili

is trying to learn English, and dreams of becoming a professional trainer. A keen body builder in spite of his dis-ability, in March 2008 he won a city arm-wrestling championship. His mother says that if her son received 65-lari-pension and had a job with at least a 100-lari-salary, he could be an independent young man. “If he were healthy, he would become a profes-sional athlete. But even now there are so many jobs he could do without be-ing able to walk.”

While the allowances prevent disabled people from falling into destitution, they don’t help them into work


Ten round tables covered with white

linen cloths, bottles of red and white

wine, glasses and candles – all these

create an elegant atmosphere of a

Saturday night.

Talk and low laughter of two dozen people interlace with clinking of glass-es. Suddenly lights go down, and all eyes turn to a piano in the left corner and to four elderly men in tweed suits who have come to the piano from no-where. Th ey greet some people from the public, one sits down to the piano, others take a saxophone, a guitar and a pipe in their hands. Th e saxophonist smiles to the audience for the last time, someone claps his hands unsurely, and a miracle begins. Th is miracle is jazz.

Music does not know age, or gen-der, or color of skin. It speaks a uni-versal language, and the only thing one needs to understand the language is to keep an open heart. Levan Oganezov is 69 years old now. He is the conduc-tor at Rustaveli Th eater Orchestra, and gave many concerts in Europe, USA, Mexico and all post-Soviet countries. But every Saturday night Levan comes with three of his old friends to Chard-eni 12 club to play jazz. “I play mostly

for my own pleasure, I cannot stay at home when I have got a chance to go somewhere and play jazz,” he says.

Jazz has been Levan’s passion and calling for more than half a century. He remembers very well when he fell in love with it. “In the fi fties there was a daily radio jazz show on the Voice of America, recollects Oganezov now. “It started late at night, at about 11 p.m., and lasted one hour. My friends and I gathered at someone’s place at the radio set, and listened to all composi-tions.” Th ey could not record it, and

there were no discs with jazz music available in the Soviet Georgia. So the next day four or fi ve of the young men gathered in a band and tried to play compositions from their memory. “Most of us did not have any train-ing, so we had to rely on our ears and pitch,” says Oganezov.

First he, like many of famous jazzmen, did not have formal musical

education. Instead of education, he had passion for music. “My love for music started in a circus located next to my house,” recalls he. As a child, Oganezov went to every show, and then at home, he tried to repeat circus melodies at an old Soviet piano. “When I was six, my mother brought me to a piano teacher, but I ran away af-ter the second lesson and never came back,” laughs Oganezov. At the age of 12, he entered musical school to learn clarinet, then he switched to saxophone and, fi nally, Oganezov mastered both. In 1955, at the age of 16, he was invited to play at Rustaveli Th eater Or-chestra and Rero State Orchestra, formed from leading musicians of So-viet countries.

It might seem strange that a conductor of the traditional or-chestra calls jazz his real call-ing. But jazz, like life itself, is full of unexpected improvisa-tions and styles. Blues, swing, bebop, cool and even acid jazz – all these are vari-ous styles and trends in jazz. Th ey do diff er much,

and blues is impossible to confuse with anything

else. Still, all jazz styles have got at least one thing in common, and this thing is improvisa-tion within a given musical

theme. Musi-cians choose a

topic, which may be a famous com-

position, or a melody, but then instead of read-

ing music, they are creat-ing their own versions of it. Th e same applies to a person’s life. A person is born with some given “theme” – conditions created by family back-

ground, historical epoch, coun-try of birth, etc. But then the person starts improvising, and thus creates his or her unique life story.

Th e similarity may be the reason why the majority of jazz-lovers are in their late twenties and older. “Young people do not understand

jazz,” Oganezov says. To under-

stand the story every jazz composition tells, a person needs to have enough life experience, the right setting and the right mood. “It’s impossible to listen to jazz like dance music, one needs to feel it,” Levan explains. Giga Paitchadze, a 29-year-old lawyer, is fond of jazz. He says jazz is not the kind of music that brings a person into a good mood. It is better suited for meditating at night, refl ecting pictures from the past, or thinking about the future.

Jazz is the music of mood not only for those who listen to it, but also for those who play it. However, there is no obligatory mood to play jazz. Th e main thing is to feel it. Oganezov com-pares jazz with a woman: “Music is a woman. If you do not like a woman, you cannot caress her.” For him, the same rule is true to playing music: if you do not like music, you do not feel it. No money can substitute for this feeling of music.

Each phrase in a jazz composition is full of meaning. Every musician tells his or her own story in his or her own way. Th is night, when the day has come to its end, the old saxophonist is telling two dozens of strangers a story of his life that also comes to its end. And everyone sitting in the club hears his or her own story in sounds of his old saxophone.

Jazz at the SunsetLevan Oganezov and his friends rock ChardeniIrina VELSKA

Jazz is a woman. If you do not like a woman, you cannot caress her

East and West. Nearly everyone knows what

these two words mean in our modern time.

And I’m not going to explain how fatal these

two opposite directions can be in their ex-

treme manifestation.

Th e clash between East and West is apparent in the novel by Kurban Said, “Th e Girl from the Golden Horn.” Th is mysterious author emerged from nowhere in the last century to turn upside down our feelings and to make us think again of our miserable existence. He has done it most compellingly.

In his fi rst novel “Ali and Nino” he showed us the “adolescence” of this clash. But in the “Th e Girl from the Golden Horn” one witnesses the more grown-up, Said with his implied “man-hood.”

Th e heroine, Asiadeh Anbari, is a refugee girl, who found shelter in 1928 Germany with her fa-ther. In this part of the world no one cares that once she was a princess of one of the great empires of the world — the Ottoman Empire. Having once

lived a luxurious life in a palace near Bosphorus, now Asiadeh lives in a ground fl oor apartment, often recalling her homeland, the crimson dawns of her beloved country, the sweetest modulations of her native language. She tries to cope with her new life, but try as she might, she will always re-

main the tiger of her Asian deserts.Asiadeh often pretends to be a European

woman, but at heart she feels that she is a Muslim and, as she herself thinks, a savage. East and West are always fi ghting a bitter war inside her fragile and savage Muslim woman’s heart.

At one point she loves and caresses her West-ern husband and then she longs for the prince, who is also a refugee somewhere in America, dreaming of being his virtuous and “veiled” wife.

Th rough the feelings of his character, the au-thor sends us a message about the eternal prob-lems of the world we live in. Asiadeh lacks a sense of belonging within this world. As the author puts it in the book “… there was an abyss between her world and Hassa’s, and there was no bridge across.”

Th e other hero, the prince, is also a fi erce fi ght-er to reclaim his lost world. A script writer and a drunkard who becomes a refugee, John Rolland, drifts about like a boat without direction. Once a prince, now he is a naked man in this foreign world, begging for clothing. He tries to forget his past with the help of alcohol, but the past can’t be forgotten, because the present is built from the ruins of that past. Every feeling of the new, Western world brings back the memories of his old world, of lost glory, torturing him with un-bearable pain. An Eastern prince is helpless in the world of Western mortals.

But no one can say that East is bad and West is good, or vice versa. Th e world is diff erent. It’s diff erent because this world is individual for ev-ery one of us. Asiadeh clearly sees the diff erence between the worlds. She senses that the world of West is secure and good. But she lives with diff er-ent feelings and desires. And on top of that is the castaway prince, who may be waiting for her. But it’s hard at the same time to leave Hassa, who is enclosed in his pride.

It’s not so easy to decide to which world — East or West — one belongs. Life is a one-time pleasure, so you should live it the best way you

can. People always put very fi erce borderlines between East and West — one person considers himself the progressive and educated citizen of the West, another: the knowledgeable and savage warrior of the desert.

Th e eternal confrontation of East and West in Said’s book assumes the same stance. If you are veiled or eat sitting on the ground, you are savage. If you have numerous skyscrapers or you conquered nature-you are civilized: the spiritual East against the materialistic West.

From the book we sense that everyone feels comfortable and secure in his own world. As Said says: “A Turk goes to New York, and his room in Manhattan is Turkey. Only he who never had

home or a soul can ever lose it.”One of the diff erences between East and West,

according to the author, is the power of word and sacred knowledge in the East, whereas in the West the word has lost its meaning. “In the conscious-ness of the West, the individual is of primary im-portance. In ours (East) it is the knowledge that we are irrevocably united with the universe…”

Whatever the result of this confrontation will be, there is only one thing that remains in the end. As the heroine of the book refl ects: “we are walk-ing one road together, the short road from birth to death, the road God has made for man to walk, on which a foolish one travels with fear, a strong one with pride, and a wise one with a smile.”

Eternal Confrontation of the Two WorldsHarut PETROSYAN

The world is different. It’s different because it is individual for everyone

photo by Harut Petrosyan


Even then, as a 22-year-old report-er, she realized objectivity is somewhat unattainable for her.

“When you create a story by means of the details, that is only a tiny part of the huge reality. Telling that whole huge reality is impossible anyway. Choosing one thing from among oth-ers, you are subjective,” she says. So she honestly escaped from journalism. She found shelter within the world of documentary fi lmmaking.

Her fi nal project at Royal Holloway University of London, Th eir Helicop-ter, is a prizewinner of 2007 Interna-tional Documentary Film Festival of Mexico (DOCSDF), in the category of Best Short Documentary. Jashi based her fi lm on the aftermath of a 1995 event: the crash of a Chechen heli-copter, which was transporting cheese when it crashed in Upper Khevsureti. No one died. Th e helicopter plummet-ed to earth near the Ardoteli family yard. Its remains are still there today. Th e family decided to take a chance and “fi t” the helicopter to their lives. Now they plan to make it into a tourist guesthouse.

Kotetishivili`s camera leads us in-side the ramshackle machine and we see the outside world through the he-licopter. Th ere’s a living cosmos inside: excellent close-ups show the spider’s webs where a fl y shakes convulsively. A dog is having his royal den in one

piece of the helicopter, while hens lay eggs nearby. Children play inside, and jump outside. It’s a playground for the kids deprived of a kindergarten in a god-forsaken place in the Khevsureti Mountains. “Finally the helicopter in-tegrates into the unfamiliar society. Th at is what the fi lm is all about,” the director says.

Th e year spent in London was a period for her to think and analyze. Analyses condensed into questions. She asked abstract questions to no one and everyone at the same time in a documentary project called “One of Me.”

Give me a place to start from.Give me a place to look from.Give me a place to understand from.Are you able to give me that place?Are you able to give yourself that place?Can I give myself that place?

“Having free time is very important. Time to think. Time to stay at home and relax. Time to walk. One can use this time for inspiration. Inspiration is very important.” Inspiration may be “the weather, light outside, or a news-paper that we read,” she says.

Now Jashi is working on a project called “10 Minutes of Democracy” where Georgian, Armenian and Azeri documentary fi lmmakers are creating

10-minute pieces centering on their conception of democracy.

Jashi says being a documentary fi lmmaker is not easy in Georgia where the government off ers little in the way of fi nancial support for documentary fi lm. If there’s extra money, it goes ei-ther to elections or to building a new church.

“We resemble a country like Iran, when religion takes precedence. Our government does nothing at all to de-velop art.”

Jashi is not alone in bearing the bur-den of being a documentary fi lmmaker in Georgia. A love for cinematography united her with Anna Dziapshipa. Th e two friends and colleagues met seven years ago. Dziashipa says, “Since then, she impressed me with her indepen-dence, quality of thinking and extrav-agance. I was always charmed by the

way she acted in diff erent situations, with her taste and way of life. By now, we are close friends.”

In maturity Jashi’s childhood ob-

session with pins found new ways: She became attached to a laptop.

“She called her laptop ‘my brain’ and I was even jealous,” Dziapshipa says.

About a year ago they established a fi lm production company, “Sakdoc Film.” Dziapshipa says she is happy to have a chance to work with her friend. It means not only work, but also, in her words, “sitting in a nice cafe to drink a glass of wine and chat about diff erent things.”

Th e object of her exploration re-mains the same. In the last scene of “One of Me,” her impressionistic self-portrait, Jashi, with red gloves, knocks on the black door looking for something….‘Is love there?’ she asks.

“Sounds pathetic, but it is so,” Jashi admits.

He calls himself “nearly a garbage

collector”. Others name him an art-

ist.

On the prowl for a junk on Tbilisi streets he hauls cigarette packages, gears from old vehicles, shards of vari-ous glasses, boxes of chocolate, com-puter keyboards, empty perfume fl asks and metal drums. All these articles in new outlines soon appear on canvases hanging on the walls of his apartment. Some people designate the fi nal prod-uct as Pop Art.

Sixty-fi ve-year-old Rezo Sekhniash-vili is an architect by profession. At an earlier age he used to make paintings as well. Th en he decided not to resem-ble others any longer and to express his individualism in a quirky structure of handcraft. “I found my niche here, I hit smack the target,” Sekhniashvili says.

What his fellow painters call “Pop Art” he perceives that as just “a collage of miscellaneous things.” “Andy War-hol! — Th at is Pop Art, not me.” Sekh-niashvili says.

He takes slivers of metal, scraps from a clock mechanism, colorful palm-sized balls, seashells, DVD disks, toys and strings of guitar and fi ts them into a common surface. It could be ei-ther a wooden board, a clock set or a canvass. In result, we get fl owers and guitars etched into metal plates or simply an intricate combination of un-related things.

“I don’t like resembling created

things to visible and naturally existed ones,” Sekhniashvili says, “for instance, I don’t take a stick and make a horse, I prefer displaying an abstract world.”

Sekhniashvili doesn’t like talking much about his collages, but they are talking instead of him. It’s an abstract image of reality imprinted in illogical way and sometimes creates the sense of chaos, sometimes the sense of beau-ty and sometimes the sense of mean-ingless blend of fl amboyant materials.

Sekhniashvili’s fi rst handcraft dates back to 1969. It’s a gray wooden plate with a gray glossy surface featuring clock gears and fi gures “6”, “9” painted in red.

Sekhniashvili was raised in a com-munist family. Father was engineer and mother was a doctor. He began painting at the age of 14. Basically, he portrayed friends and also a teacher whom he had a crush on.

After graduating from the faculty of architecture he went on to fi x up

historical monuments and temples. “I hated communists because there was a deceit all around me, I felt myself im-prisoned,” Sekhniashvili remembers.

Th e rebellious youth used to ex-press protest through the language of art. “I wouldn’t make what I was told to do in the communists’ era… that’s why I called them crazy and vise versa, they called me nuts.”

Sekhniashvili was a close friend of Avto Varazi, a painter and an artist who depicted Niko Pirosmanashvili, a famous Georgian painter in the fi lm “Pirosmani.” Avto Varazi became one of his inspirations. Th ey used to pur-sue a bohemian way of life, drink, have wakeful nights and at the same time serve art.

Sekhniashvili remembers that once Varazi woke up with a hangover, looked at his pants lying on a fl oor, spread glue over it and pasted pants onto a wooden plate, later named as Th e Head of Buff alo. “At the time we

called it a Pop Art,” Sekhniashvili says, surprisingly reticent during the inter-view.

Earlier, there had been the 60s, the period of breaking the gap of isolation. Together with his friend Sekhniashvili listened to Radio Liberty, read Euro-pean forbidden literature. “It’s was a cultural Revolution,” he remembers, “we have never been familiar with rock music before, it provoked rebelion in our souls, we let our hair grow that reached our shoulders.”

In 1986 together with Otar Chkhar-tishvili, Amir Kakabadze and fi ve other colleagues he exhibited his handcrafts for the fi rst time in Blue Gallery in Tbilisi. As Sekhniashvili says people fl ocked to exhibitions perceived as a window cut through a fl edgling mod-ern art. Th e same group of painters repeated the exhibition in 2005 in the gallery Vernisage. Th e project was called “Repressed Art After Seventeen Years: — Collage, Object.”

Sekhniashvili says making collages is time-consuming. Although, he tends to stick the whole process of making a new piece to the end, until he gets the fi nal product. He also happens to have a favorite one. Sekhniashvili dedicated it to his mother’s reminiscence after she had passed away. Th e collage is called “Requiem” and depicts a forgot-ten mirror made from metal plates and artifi cial synthetic cobwebs gingerly tangled over it.

Decades ago for Sekhniashvili art was one of the revelations of protest; now it merely remains as “an abstract reality.” He underwent heart surgery three months ago and hasn’t made anything since then. While talking, a smile breaks into his pale wrinkles. He raises a glass of Champagne and speaks about his future intentions. “My son is reproaching me when he sees me idle… I try gradually to get back to my ‘job’ which is not only my ‘job,’ but also a part of my daily life.”

Not Junk... Not Pop Art...But something in the middleEka CHITANAVA

photos by Eka Chitanava

Beyond Reality(Continued from page one)

photo from archive of Salome Jashi

The reality may be quite different from what I show. No one knows what actual reality is


As the number of the cars is increas-

ing in Tbilisi, it gets more and more

difficult for Tbilisi inhabitants to

breath fresh air.

According to the latest offi cial sta-tistics, compared to 1998, in 2005, the number of the cars has increased by 22 percent.

Th e worst situation is in the streets where there are traffi c jams during the rush hours, such as Kostava Street, Agmashenebeli, Gamsakhurdia and Chavchavadze avenues.

Janri Karchava, the chief special-ist in air protection at the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia, says: “Th e tech-nical characteristics of most of the cars in Tbilisi is very low, because they are second-hand, or Soviet-era cars. Purchasing this kind of car is cheap, so most of the people choose to buy them.” He also says that the European automobiles are made for high-qua-lity petrol, and come equipped with converters that prevent the use of low-quality petrol. In Georgia, car owners remove the converters so they can use any kind of petrol in their car.

All vehicles were inspected by the government to meet safety and pollu-tion guidelines until 2004, when the inspections were abolished as a source of corruption. No alternative ways were suggested.

As Marina Arabidze, the head of the department of monitoring of en-vironmental pollution in Tbilisi, says, the growing number of cars has wors-ened the situation. Th at is confi rmed by the fact that in 2007 the concentra-

tion of the dust in the air has increased by 2.7 and of the carbon and carbonic dioxide has increased 1.7 times com-pared to 1998.

Giorgi Magradze, the head of the Green Movement of Georgia, says that the general situation is very alarm-ing in Tbilisi. Th ere are many old cars which cause excessive pollution; plus, due to active construction works many green areas are being destroyed. So, air quality in Tbilisi is very bad, especially on those streets where there are many traffi c jams.

“Th e projects which are accom-plished by our NGO are mostly fo-

cused on raising awareness of the pop-ulation and aiming to improve existing legislation,” says Magradze

He adds that another problem be-sides the rising number of the cars is the low quality petrol.

Non-governmental environmental organization REC-Caucasus created a project to investigate clean fuel and vehicles. Within the framework of the project during the 2008, they held a

number of meetings. Th e issues of the current fuel standards and public monitoring of the fuel at gas stations, as well as the overview of technical regulations developed by the Trans-port Administration of Georgia, were discussed at the meeting. Among the members of the working group were the representatives of various minis-tries of Georgia (Environmental Pro-tection and Natural Resources, Justice,

Economic Development, Health).Keti Samadashvili of REC-Caucasus

says: “all the petrol imported in Geor-gia is insured with the quality certifi -cate. Th is is the only way to check the petrol since then there is no organiza-tion here which controls regularly the petrol quality.”

Th e air pollution can cause a num-ber of diff erent diseases, such as lung cancer, blood diseases, asthma and al-lergies.

Allergist Eka Chkhartishvili says, that the number of the patients who suff er from the allergies has increased a lot over the past three-fi ve years and the main cause of the outdoor allergy is the polluted air in the city. Th ere are almost no factories in Tbilisi now. “Th e air pollution spawns the hyper-sensi-tivity of bronchi, the increased sensi-tivity of the nose, rhinitis, and asthma. Th is kind of allergy can lead to chronic diseases,” says Chkhartishvili.

Th e air pollution can also cause far more serious diseases. Th e oncologist Mikhail Shavdia says the air pollu-tion is the source of lung cancer. “It is the common problem of the big cities where there is heavy traffi c. People who live near the crossroads suff er, espe-cially, because there is a high amount of the cars concentrating there. Th e lung cancer is in the second place after the breast cancer in Georgia,” he says.

Tbilisi citizens think that the pollu-tion is one of their most serious qual-ity-of-life problems:

Manana Urushadze, an economist, sums up a general sentiment: “Such a large number of vehicles are horrible; there are too many cars in Tbilisi. It is the fact that we must do something about it, but where is the solution, I don’t know. I live in the center of capi-tal and I cannot open the window to breath fresh air.”

Increasing Pollution in Tbilisi More and more cars – leave pedestrians gasping for breath Seymur KAZIMOVElene CHAKHUNASHVILIGvantsa BARBAKADZE

Georgia’s first eco-friendly building

project is under construction. Niba

Invest, along with renowned Ital-

ian architect, are soon to unveil the

Metrocity Center just outside Delisi

Metro station.

What distinguishes the Delisi proj-ect from other new-builds in the city is its ecological concept. Th is is the fi rst “Green Project” in Georgia, and will cost the company $75 million to complete. Th e building will use eco-logically clean heating and cooling systems, which will emit zero carbon dioxide — the gas that contributes to global warming.

Green architecture’s proponents claim the concept could signifi cantly contribute to mitigating climate change by using local natural resources.

“Th e land under Tbilisi is rich in natural hot water, which can be used in ecologically clean building construc-tion. We are the fi rst company using this technique, but already others are following suit. Th e Lisi Lake project,

for instance, is going to be built us-ing the same methods. Th is is only beginning for projects like this,” says marketing manager of Niba Invest, Th ea Ukleba.

Th e Delisi Metrocity project uses the slogan “Here, because here is ev-erything”. Niba Invest’s Public Re-lations offi cer Ani Dvali says the multi-purpose construction will fea-ture “trade and entertainment center, movies, cafes, hotel, offi ces and apart-ments, things that can give more life to central Vake-Saburtalo’s linking-road — the Delisi area.”

Th e project, which will cover 4,500 square meters, consists of two build-ings. A trade center will be built four stories underground, fl anked by a business center with a glass façade. Th e trade center will be capped with an iceberg-shaped glass construc-tion, which will allow daylight to fl ood down to the subterranean levels.

Green projects such as this are not only ecologically advanced, but they also are economically eff ective for cus-tomers. Th e buildings’ heating system relies on underground water, and ac-cording to marketing manager Th ea

Ukleba, “it costs ten times less to warm place with our system than with gas.”

Th ermal systems engineer of Delisi project Giorgi Mandaria explains: “We use thermal water and underground temperature, which is +14 Celsius Degrees, to warm the building. Con-struction companies in Georgia now are using simple equipment, metalo-plastic doors and windows for thermal isolation.“

George Abramishvli, director of development company Dutch House, who recently attended an interna-tional property expo in Munich, notes that a lot of discussion was devoted to “green projects”, and is confi dent that these ideas have a future in Georgia. His company is currently involved in a project Bagebi, due to be fi nished next year, which uses a modern system of thermal isolation that involves creat-ing wooden façades. “Th is is a small step from us toward green architec-ture,” he says.

Th ere are also political reasons why green architecture might become a hit in Georgia. Sopho Lekishvili, director of Niba Invest says, “with this project we declare a boycott to Russian gas

and we use our Georgian ground tem-perature. Th e territory of Tbilisi allows us to use natural resources.”

Of course the exploitation of Tbili-si’s thermal resources is nothing new. When the King Vakhtang Gorgasali

founded Tbilisi centuries ago, he chose this spot for his capital because of the numerous hot water springs. Th e green project of the 21st century uses the same idea for thoroughly modern constructions.

First Green Architecture Blooms in GeorgiaTsisana KIGHURADZE

photo by Seymur Kazimov

photo courtesy of www.niba.com.ge

The technical characteristics of most of the cars in Tbilisi is very low

December 2008

Caucasus School of Journalism and Media Management

xuTi wlis vato CitiSvils dedam da

mamam dabadebis dReze manqana aCuqes. saTa-

maSo 800 lari Rirda da mSoblebma is

ganvadebiT SeiZines. vato ambobs, rom

mas Zalian undoda didi saTamaSo manqana.

ocnebobda masSi Cajdomasa da gatarebaze.

natvra marTlac ausrulda, misi axali man-

qana swored aseTia.

,,15 noembers vato xuTi wlis gaxda.

bavSvma saCuqrad saTamaSo manqana airCia.

marTalia, cota Zviri, 800 lari, Rirda,

magram 6-Tviani ganvadebiT gamovitane.

bavSvisTvis uaris Tqma ar mindoda~,-aRniS-

na vatos dedam, ia nadiraZem.

TbilisSi saTamaSoebis ganvadebiT

SeZena bolo erTi welia, rac SesaZlebeli

gaxda. aseTi momsaxureba saTamaSoebis maR-

azias - `Exim Park and Toys~ - aqvs. aRniSnul

maRaziaSi ganvadebiT im saTamaSos yidva

SeiZleba, romelic oras larze Zviri

Rirs. amis saSualebas ,,Ti bi si~ banki iZl-

eva. ganvadebis xangrZlivoba minimum eqvsi

Tve da maqsimum ori welia, xolo Tviuri

saprocento ganakveTi 2,9%-s Seadgens.

,,Ti bi si~ bankis ganvadebis menejeris,

maia JRentis TqmiT, ,,saTamaSoebis gan-

vadebis msurveli bevria, TveSi saSualod

daaxloebiT 60 kaci. maT saTamaSoebis

maRaziidan invoisi unda aiRon da Semdeg

SeuZliaT ganvadebis Taobaze bankis nebis-

mier filials mimarTon~.

Tumca, rogorc JRentma aRniSna, agvis-

tos movlenebis Semdeg bankebma kreditebis

gacema SezRudes, amitom ganvadebis msurve-

lebs xSirad uariT istumreben.

maRazia `Exim Park and Toys~-Si saTama-

Soebis farTo arCevania, daaxloebiT

130-mde dasaxelebis saTamaSoa. aq fasebi

erTi laridan iwyeba da 50,000 laramde

meryeobs. ZiriTadad swored aqedan marag-

deba bavSvTa samyaro, lilos bazroba da

Tbilisis sxva maRaziebi.

maRaziis menejeris, nikoloz alibegaSvi-

lis TqmiT, ,,50,000 lariani saTamaSo kom-

pleqsi jer-jerobiT ar gayidula. “es

aris didi saTamaSo atraqcioni, romelic

sabavSvo-gasarTobi centrebisTvisaa gan-

kuTvnili. samagierod kargad iyideba is

saTamaSo atraqcionebi (TveSi saSualod 10

cali), romelTa Rirebulebac 10-15 aTasi

laria. aseve didi raodenobiT iyideba

Zraviani manqanebi, saqanelebi, Tojinis

saxlebi, romelTa fasi 500-dan 1000

laramde meryeobs. Cven ,,pilsanis~ qarxnis

distributorebi varT. es qarxana stam-

bolSia, saidanac saTamaSoebi Semogvaqvs.

gvaqvs Cinuri warmoebis produqciac~.

alibegaSvili miiCnevs, rom maTi produq-

cia sazogadoebis yvela fenazea gaTvlili.

,,maRazia absoluturad yvela momxmareb-

lis iteresebs iTvaliswinebs. mSoblebi

TavianTi SvilebisTvis aqtiurad yidulo-

ben saTamaSoebs~,-ambobs alibegaSvili.

sabavSvo saTamaSoebis SeZena gacilebiT

iafad bazrobebze SeiZleba. aq maTi fasi 1

laridan iwyeba da 200 laramde adis. neli

gadelia, romelic savaWro centr ,,pasaJis~

mimdebare teritoriaze sami welia saTama-

Soebs yidis, ambobs, rom yvelaze metad mas

rbili saTamaSoebi eyideba. gansakuTrebiT

ki winasaaxalwlod, radgan mosaxleoba

Cinuri kalendris tradiciisamebr, dam-

deg weliwadTan dakavSirebul cxovelebs

yidulobs.

saerTod, TbilisSi sabavSvo maRa-

ziebSi ZiriTadad ucxouri saTamaSoebi

iyideba. produqcia amerikidan, poloneTi-

dan, CineTidan da TurqeTidan Semodis.

saTamaSoebis adgilobrivi warmoeba

SezRudulia. saqarTveloSi Tojinebis

fabrika didi xania aRar muSaobs. qveyanaSi

ZiriTadad xeliT nakeT eTnoTojinebs,

erovnul tansacmelSi gamowyobil mocek-

vaveebs qmnian, romlebic umetesad ucxoel

turistebzea gaTvlili. qarTul eTnoTo-

jinebs ZiriTadad suvenirebad iyeneben da

maTi fasi 15-dan 150 laramdea.

eTnoTojinebis fass misi Semqmnelebi

imis mixedviT gansazRvraven, Tu ra Tanxa

dajda erTi Tojinis gakeTeba. eTnoTo-

jinebis mwarmoeblis, manana gigauris

TqmiT, ,,xSirad qarTul nacionalur

tansacmelSi gamowyobili Cixtikopiani

Tojina saxeSecvlili amerikuli barbia,

romelsac Tmas uRebaven da uwnaven, samoss

ucvlian~.

saTamaSoebi ganvadebiTxaTuna noniaSvili

swavla daiwyeba 2009 wlis 15 martidan.

leqciebi Catardeba saRamos saaTebSi.swavleba mimdinareobs qarTul enaze.

sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samagistro programa studentebs

saSualebas miscems SeiZinon aucilebeli profesiuli codna da

praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi sazogadoebasTan urTierTobisa da politikuri

komunikaciis sferoebSi warmatebis misaRwevad rogorc saxelmwifo, ise

komerciul an arasamTavrobo organizaciebSi.

leqciebsa da seminarebs qarTveli da amerikeli specialistebi

gauZRvebian.

swavlis periodSi studentebs SeeZlebaT kompiuteruli da samontaJo

laboratoriebiT, uaxlesi foto, video da audio aparaturiT, aseve,

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutis biblioTekiT sargebloba.

damatebiTi informaciisTvis daukavSirdiT nino danelias, programis koordinators, [email protected] 93-14-66, 92-39-52 (tel), 93-14-66 (faqsi).

sabuTebis miRebis bolo vadaa 15 Tebervali, 2009.


w w w.gipa.ge

Jurnalistikisa da

media menejmentis

kavkasiuri skola

acxadebs miRebas

sazogadoebasTan

urTierTobis

samagistro programaze

foto: xaTuna noniaSvili


re li gi u ri mrav l fe rov ne ba sa qar T ve lo-

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wev re bi qvey nis mo sax le o bis me xu Teds war-

mo ad ge nen. Tum ca, kon fe si e bis um rav le so ba

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sa xel m wi fo acxa debs rwme ni sa da aR m sa-

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qar Tu li mar T l ma di de be li ek le si is gan sa-

kuT re bul rols.

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ve los mar T l ma di de bel ek le si as So ris

da i do kon s ti tu ci u ri Se Tan x me ba, rom-

lis Ta nax ma dac, mar T l ma di de be li ek le sia

ga mocxad da sa ja ro sa mar T lis su bi eq tad.

ek le si am mi i Ro qo neb ri vi da sa ga da sa xa do

pri vi le gi e bi. ram de ni me qar Tu li mar T-

l ma di deb lu ri dRe sas wa u li ga mocxad da

sa er To-erov nul dRe sas wa u lad da ara sa-

mu Sao dRed.

sxva re li gi ur ga er Ti a ne bebs sa xel m wi-

fo Si iuri di u li sta tu si ar aqvT Se sa ba-

mi si ka no nis arar se bo bis ga mo. sta tu sis

ar qo na re li gi ur um ci re so bebs, ma Ti ve

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li aT, iuri di u lad ga na xor ci e lon Ta vi an-

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kon fe si a Ta war mo mad gen le bis az riT,

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ek le si as So ris kon s ti tu ci u ri xel Sek ru-

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m wi fo sa da sxva kon fe si ebs So ris ra i me

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uf ro da ba li ran gis iyos, vid re kon s ti tu-

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sa xis ur Ti er To ba surs Cven Tan. Cven ar

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kon kor da ti aqvs ga for me bu li. ama ve dros,

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vi le gi e biT sar geb lobs. Cven T vis ase Ti

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pat ri ar qis mdiv nis, ma ma mi xe il bot ko-

ve lis TqmiT, mar T l ma di de be li ek le sia

do mi nan tu ria da sxva re li gi ebs ar Se iZ le-

ba hqon deT igi ve sta tu si. “sa qar T ve lo Si

ar se bul ram de ni me tra di ci ul konfesias,

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mi si ve TqmiT, ka no ni re li gi is Se sa xeb

sa xel m wi fo Si un da ar se bob des, rad gan

sa Wi roa kon fe si e bis saq mi a no bis da re gu-

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bis dros sa Wi roa sa qar T ve los mo sax le o-

bis in te re se bis gaT va lis wi ne ba. “sa ub re bi

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da i do. kon kor da tis mi Re bam de Cven kon-

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kon fe si as Tan, gar da ra di ka lu ri seq te bi-

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mi Re bas, mi e sal me bod nen sa xel m wi fos ini ci-

a ti vas. Cve ni mxri da nac iyo da pi re ba, rom

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ka no ni dRem de ar aris mi Re bu li. ami-

tom, ek le si e bi qmni an ara sam Tav ro bo or ga-

ni za ci ebs da saq mi a no bas ma Ti meS ve o biT

axor ci e le ben.

evan ge lur-bap tis tu ri ek le si is epis ko-

po si, ru su dan go ci ri Ze am bobs:

“Cve ni ek le sia iuri di u lad ar ar se bobs,

ris ga moc Cve ni saq mi a no ba Se fer xe bu lia.

ami tom Sev q me niT ar sam Tav ro bo or ga ni za-

cia “be Te li” da mi si sa Su a le biT va war mo-

ebT saq vel moq me do saq mi a no bas.”

2006 wels sa mo qa la qo ko deq s Si Se vi da

cvli le be bi, ro mel Ta mi xed vi Tac re li-

gi ur ga er Ti a ne bebs mi e caT uf le ba, da re-

gis t rir d nen ara sam Tav ro bo or ga ni za ci e-

bis sa xiT. pad re ju ze pe pa zo tos az riT,

ek le si is T vis ase Ti re gis t ra cia re li gi u-

ri Tval saz ri siT mi u Re be lia. “Tu ki Cven

ga dav wy vetT ara sam Tav ro bo or ga ni za ci ad

da re gis t ri re bas, ma Sin, ka no nis mi xed viT,

or ga ni za ci is sa Ta ve Si dam fuZ ne be li, anu

ker Zo pi ri un da Cad ges. ga mo dis, rom

ek le sia ara qris tes mi er, ara med ub ra lo

ada mi a nis mi er aris da fuZ ne bu li. ek le-

si as Ta vi si Rir se ba aqvs da ar Se iZ le ba

iyos ub ra lo or ga ni za cia”, – Tvlis pad re

ju ze pe.

sa mo qa la qo ko deq s Si cvli le be bis Se ta-

nis Sem deg ram de ni me re li gi ur ma ga er Ti a-

ne bam re gis t ra cia ara sam Tav ro bo or ga ni-

za ci is sa xiT ma inc ga i a ra. es, Zi ri Ta dad, is

ga er Ti a ne be bia, ro mel Ta ar se bo ba aT w le-

u lebs iT v lis, xo lo mrev lis ra o de no ba

200 kacs ar aRe ma te ba.

evan ge lis tu ri ek le si is pas to ris za al

tye Se laS vi lis TqmiT, ek le sia ara sam Tav-

ro bo or ga ni za ci ad imis ga mo da re gis t rir-

da, rom sxva na i rad Ta vis saq mi a no bas ver

awar mo eb da. “kon fe si ebs So ris Cven ma ek le-

si am re gis t ra cia pir vel ma ga i a ra. Cven

ax la ara sam Tav ro bo or ga ni za cia “sa qar T-

ve los evan ge lis tu ri ek le sia” varT. min da

giTx raT, rom re gis t ra ci a zec gve ub ne bod-

nen uars. ad vo ka te bi gvicxa deb d nen, rom

Cve ni sa xel wo de bis ga mo ar Se uZ li aT dag-

va re gis t ri ron, rad gan mar T l ma di deb lur

sar w mu no e bas mi e kuT v ne bi an da maT T vis es

cod vaa. re gis t ra ci i saT vis bev ri vib r Zo-

leT”, – aR niS navs za al tye Se laS vi li.

sa xal xo dam c vel Tan ar se bu li to le ran-

to bis cen t ris xel m ZR va ne lis, be qa min di aS-

vi lis az riT, ka no ni re li gi is Se sa xeb auci-

le be li ar aris. mi si mi Re bis Sem Tx ve va Si,

sa xel m wi fom un da gan sazR v ros, Tu vis ze

un da gav r cel des es ka no ni, vis da er q me va

re li gi u ri ga er Ti a ne bis sa xel wo de ba. amiT

ki Se da re biT axal gaz r da re li gi u ri ga er-

Ti a ne be bis dis k ri mi na cia mox de ba. “Ce mi

az riT, uke Te si iq ne ba, Se mu Sav des cvli le-

be bis pa ke ti. es pa ke ti iT va lis wi nebs sxva-

das x va cvli le bis Se ta nas sxva das x va ka non-

Si, ro me lic saq mi a no bis gan xor ci e le ba Si

kon fe si ebs gar k ve ul Se Ra va Tebs mis cems.

Cven va pi rebT, re li gi ur um ci re so beb Tan

er Tad, es pa ke ti uax lo es mo ma val Si Se vi-

mu Sa voT”, – acxa debs be qa min di aS vi li.

Cve ni ek le sia iuri-

di u lad ar ar se bobs, ris

ga moc Cve ni saq mi a no ba

Se fer xe bu lia

su zi ka la Si a ni

sa me di ci no uni ver si te tis stu den ti, 22

wlis, sul xan abu se ri Ze “do nor Ta klu-

bis” wev ria. man uk ve or jer ga i Ro sis x li

sxva ada mi a ne bis si cocx lis ga da sar Ce nad

da mo ma val Sic api rebs, ro gorc Tvi Ton

am bobs, am sa a ma yo saq mis gag r Ze le bas.

“do nor Ta klu bi” sa me di ci no uni ver si-

te tis rva stu den t ma Ca mo a ya li ba. ide a ze

ma Sin da iwyes fiq ri, ro ca, pir ve lad, qve ya-

na Si sis x lis de fi ci tis prob le mis Se sa xeb

Se ity ves. dRes klub Si 200 ka cam dea ga wev-

ri a ne bu li.

Tbi li sis jo enis sis x lis ga das x mis cen-

t ris eqim-tran s fu zi o lo gis, ma ri na aba Si-

Zis TqmiT, aris Sem Tx ve ve bi, ro ca yve la ze

gav r ce le bu li, pir ve li da de bi Ti jgu fis

sis x li, ro me lic mo sax le o bis da ax lo e biT

40 %-s aqvs, cen t r Si ar aris.

qvey nis sis x lis ma rag ze gan s x va ve bu li

Se xe du le ba aqvs he ma to lo gi is in s ti tu tis

tran s fu zi u li sam sa xu ris xel m ZR va nels,

ge na di iosa vas. mi si TqmiT, qve ya na Si sis x-

lis de fi ci ti ar aris: “sis x l ze moTxov na

mi wo de bas ga na pi ro bebs, amitom sis x lis

Ca ba re bis msur ve li im de ni vea, ram de nic

— ga das x mi sa”. ro gorc iosa va am bobs, qve-

ya na Si sis x lis ma ra gi erT Tve zea gaT v li-

li. er Ta derT prob le mad, iosa va uan ga ro

do no re bis sim ci res asa xe lebs. “Tu qve ya na-

Si wli u ri do na cia 30 aTa sia, aqe dan mxo-

lod 10 Se iZ le ba iyos uan ga ro do no ri”,

– am bobs iosa va.

marina aba Si Zis TqmiT, jo enis cen t ri,

mxo lod uga sam r je lo do no rebs em sa xu re-

ba. ma Ti yo vel T vi u ri ricx vi, da ax lo e biT,

200 ka cia da Zi ri Ta dad isi ni ari an, vinc

pa ci en tis ax lob lebs mo yavT. misi TqmiT,

ar se bobs do no ris sa mi ti pi: kad ris, rac

sis te ma tur do no ro bas niS navs, na Te sa vi

do no ri da er T je ra di do no ri. “Tu we li-

wad Si er Txel ma inc Ca a ba rebs ada mi a ni

sisxls, sis x lis de fi ci ti aRar iar se bebs.

sa er Tod, xSi rad uT q vamT, ra dros sis-

x lis uan ga rod Ca ba re baa, ro ca qve ya na

si Ra ri bis zRvar zeao, mag ram yve las un da

ax sov des, rom es mniS v ne lo va ni sa kiTxia da

ar ar se bobs ada mi a ni, vi si oja xis wevrs an

ax lo bels sis x li odes me ar das Wir de ba”,

— am bobs eqi mi.

Tbi lis Si dRes sis x lis Ca ba re ba qa la qis

sis x lis ga das x mis sad gur Si, he ma to lo gi is

in s ti tut Si, pre pa ra te bis cen t r Si, jo enis

sis x lis ga das x mis sad gur sa da res pub li-

kur sa a vad m yo fo Si Se iZ le ba. sis x lis ga Re-

ba we li wad Si 2-jer, 18-dan 65 wlam de da

50 kg-ze me ti wo nis ne bis mi er ada mi ans Se uZ-

lia. pir ve li eta pi, ro mel sac do no ro bis

msur ve li ga dis, spe ci a lu rad do no re bis T-

vis Se mu Sa ve bu li kiTx va ris, sis x lis do no-

ris Tan x mo bis for mis, Sev se baa. kiTx va ri

afa sebs ada mi a nis jan m r Te lo bis sa er To

mdgo ma re o bas uka nas k ne li 6 Tvis man Zil-

ze. kiTx ve bis mi xed viT ad ge nen do no ris

sqe sob riv kav Si reb sa da sis x lis ga das x mis

is to ri as Tan da kav Si re bul sa kiTxebs. kiTx-

var Si mi Ti Te bu lia da ma te bi Ti kiTx ve bi

or su lo bas Tan da kav Si re bi Tac. kiTx va ris

bo los do no ro bis msur ve li xel mo we riT

adas tu rebs Ta vis pa su xebs, ri Tac aRi a-

rebs, rom eq vem de ba re ba sis x lis sa mar T-

lis pa su xis m geb lo bas si mar T lis da mal vis

Sem Tx ve va Si da iZ le va xel we rils, rom ar

aris da a va de bu li Sid siT, he pa ti tiT da

si fi li siT. me o re eta pi eqi mis mi er do no-

ris su bi eq tur ga sin j vas iT va lis wi nebs.

eqi mi do nors usin javs tem pe ra tu ras, wne-

vas. bo lo etap ze ki, do no ris sis x li la bo-

ra to ri ul Se mow me bas ga dis in feq ci eb ze

— Sid s ze, B he pa ti t sa da si fi lis ze.

in feq ci u ri pa To lo gi is, Sid sis da kli-

ni ku ri imu no lo gi is cen t ris eqim-epi de-

mi o lo gis, oTar Co koS vi lis TqmiT, Tu

ada mi ans da bin Zu re bu l sis x ls ga daus xa men,

is 100 %-iT in fi cir de ba. ami tom di di mniS-

v ne lo ba aqvs la bo ra to ri ul tes tebs, rom-

le bi Tac sis x lis srul yo fi li ga mok v le va

xde ba. Tu or ga niz m Si vi ru sia, ada mi a nis

imu nu ri sis te ma mis wi na aR m deg an tis xe-

u lebs ga mo i mu Sa vebs, rom le bic sis x lis

la bo ra to ri u li Se mow me bis dros Cans. Tu

la bo ra to ri u li kvle vis Se de gad sis x l-

Si an tis xe u le bi aR moC n da, ma Sin sis x lis

ga mok v le va ki dev sxva, uf ro mgrZno bi a re

me To di Tac xde ba. “ase Ti sis x liT in fi ci re-

bis San si nu lis to lia”, am bobs Co koS vi li,

mag ram or ga niz m Si an tis xe u le bis ga mo mu Sa-

ve bas da ax lo e biT 3 Tve sWir de ba, Tum ca

zog jer 4-8 kvi rac sak ma ri sia. am pe ri ods,

ro de sac jer ar Cans an tis xe u li, mag ram

in feq cia uk ve or ga niz m Sia, “fan ja ra” pe ri-

ods uwo de ben. “Tu ada mi an ma nar ko ti ki 1

ian vars ga i ke Ta da dain fi cir da, sa mi Tvis

gas v lam de, ma ga li Tad, 7 ian vars mis sis x l-

Si an tis xe u le bi, Se saZ loa, ar aRmoCndes.

aseT sisxls Tu sxva pa ci ents ga da us xa men,

isic auci leb lad in fi cir de ba.” eq s per-

te bis az riT, ami tom eni We ba upi ra te so-

ba uan ga ro do no ro bas, rad gan uangaro

do nors mxo lod dax ma re bis sur vi li aqvs

da ar ma lavs eqim Tan kon sul ta ci is dros

jan m r Te lo bas Tan da kav Si re bul yve la ze

um niS v ne lo de ta leb sac ki. “uan ga ro do no-

ri usaf r Txo sis x lis ga ran tia. Cven maT

vux s niT, rom ar se bobs fa ru li pe ri o di,

ro ca Se iZ le ba ar ga moC n des da a va de ba da

Tu ra mes da ma la ven sis x lis sa mar T lis

pa su xis m geb lo biT da is je bi an. iyo Sem Tx ve-

ve bi, rom gan mar te bis Sem deg uari uT q vamT

sis x lis Ca ba re ba ze”,— am bobs aba Si Ze.

eqim Ta az riT, pa ci ents sis x li mxo lod

uki du res Sem Tx ve va Si sWir de ba da Tu

ar se bobs San si, rom mas sxvi si sis x li ar

ga da es xas, ar un da ga da us xan. “es rTu li

ope ra ciaa, ro me lic kon k re tu li da zus ti

da niS nu le biT un da ga keT des”,— aR niS navs

iosa va.

do na ci is dros ada mi a ni 250-450 ml.

sisxls ga i Rebs. am Sem Tx ve va Si mniS v ne lo va-

nia mi si fi zi ku ri mo na ce me bi.

“do nor Ta klu bis” erT-er Ti dam fuZneb -

lis, gi or gi gaf rin daS vi lis TqmiT, sis x-

lis ga Re ba do no ris T vis im mxri vac sa sar-

geb loa, rom sa qar T ve los ka non m deb lo biT,

pirs, ro mel mac sis x li Ca a ba ra, im dRes da

me o re dRe sac das ve ne ba ekuT v nis.

ni no ka xiS vi li

ga i Re sis x li, ga da ar Ci ne si cocx le

foto: redaqciis arqividan

saubrebi kanonze religiis Sesaxeb grZeldeba


19 wlis qar T ve li eb ra e li go go na, li ka

par la gaS vi li, uk ve aTi Tvea, rac is ra e lis

Se i a ra Re bu li Za leb Si msa xu robs. Ta vi dan

mZi me re Jim Tan Se gu e ba ga u Wir da, oja xis

wev re bi da me gob re bi Za li an enat re bo da.

siz mar Si xSi rad xe dav da sa qar T ve lo sa da

gam z r del be bi as. ma le ja ris cxov re bas

mi eC via da fe ra di siz m re bi sa qar T ve lo ze

sam xed ro teq ni kam Ca a nac v la.

li ka par la gaS vi li sam xed ro sa val de-

bu lo mom za de bas ieru sa lim Tan ax los mde-

ba re sam xed ro ba za “ba iT Smo ne Si” ga dis.

mis T vis, ise ve ro gorc iq myo fi sxva ja ris-

ka ce bis T vis, di la eqvs sa aT ze iwye ba.

”mzis amos v las mwyob r Si vxvde biT,

di lis ga mam x ne ve be li var ji Si sa da pi ra di

hi gi e nis Sem deg vsa uz mobT, ris Sem de gac

dRe sam xed ro wvrTniT grZel de ba”, – yve ba

is da am bobs, rom ori wlis man Zil ze dRis

re Ji mi ar ic v le ba.

li ka spec na ze lia. is sna i pe ris pro fe si-

as euf le ba. “kar gi msro le li aR mov C n di.

sin jeb ze cxra nas ro li tyvi i dan eq v si

ga var tyi. Ra me ki, ro ca ara fe ri Can da,

oTxi tyvi i dan mi zans or ma mi aR wia”.

li kas is ra el Si lia pe ri ni hqvia. aTi

Tvis win sam xed ro sam sa xur Si gaw ve vis mow-

mo bac am sa xel ze mi i Ro.

li ka par la gaS vi li 1989 wels Tbi lis Si,

qar Tul-eb ra ul ojax Si da i ba da da ga i zar-

da. mSob le bi is ra el Si sacxov reb lad rva

wlis win wa vid nen. man or ma gi mo qa la qe o ba

mi i Ro da sa qar T ve lo Si be bi as Tan dab run-

da. “stum ris kva lo ba ze yo vel T vis did xans

vrCe bi. mgo nia, rom Ce mi sam Sob lo sa qar T-

ve loa da, pi ri qiT, is ra el Si var stum rad,

mag ram ro gorc is ra e lis mo qa la qe, da ve-

mor Ci le ka nons, ro me lic jar Si sam sa xurs

ma val de bu lebs”, – am bobs li ka.

ka non mor Cil li kas is ra el Si, ise ve,

ro gorc yve la ja ris kac qals, “xa i e le Ti”

hqvia, rac did pa ti vad iT v le ba. maT T vis

mu ni ci pa lu ri tran s por tiT mgzav ro bi sas

da we se bu lia Se Ra va Te bi, ga sar Tob ad gi-

leb Si Ses v la ufa soa. “Tu ja ri gav li li

ar gaqvs, Se saZ loa, sam sa xu ri ver iSo vo”,

– am bobs li ka. pri vi le gi e bis mi u xe da vad,

eb ra el go go na Ta er Ti me sa me di jar Si msa-

xurs sas je laR s ru le biT da we se bu le ba Si

was v las am jo bi nebs. ja ris ka co ba ze uaris

Tqma sa mi dan xuT wlam de Ta vi suf le bis aR k-

ve TiT is je ba. li kas T vi sac jar Si was v lis

erT-er Ti mi ze zi swo red es iyo.” mi vi Re Tu

ara gaw ve vis mow mo ba, arc dav fiq re bul var,

ise Ca va la ge pi ra di niv Te bi da gam w vev pun-

q t Si ga mov cxad di. was v la nam d vi lad ar

min do da, swav lis gag r Ze le bas va pi reb di.

jar Si sam sa xu ri ne ba yof lo bi Ti un da iyos

da vi sac es saq me ain te re sebs is un da wa vi-

des. Cem T vis is ori we li, ro mel sac jar Si

ga va ta reb, tyu i li dro is kar g vaa”.

li ka ja ris cxov re bas Tve-na xev ri an ma

spe ci a lur ma kur s ma Se a gua, rom lis man Zil-

zec iara Ris daS la-awyo bas da sam xed ro

we sebs swav lob da. kur si war ma te biT da xu-

ra da amis da ma das tu re be li ser ti fi ka tic

aiRo. aCu qes To rac (bib lia). sam xed ro

fi ci ki am kur sis gav lis Sem deg da do.

”fi cis da de ba yve la ze da sa max sov re be-

li dRe iyo Cems cxov re ba Si. sam xed ro mar-

Sis fon ze sam jer ga vi me o re” ani niS ba” rac

niS navs:” vfi cav”.

is ra el Si sam xed ro fi ci qa leb ma pir-

ve lad 1948 wels da des. isi ni Ta vi dan

mxo lod ad mi nis t ra ci ul sam sa xur Si msa xu-

rob d nen. sa a vi a cio sam sa xur Si 1991 wels

Ca eb nen. 2006 wli dan ki sru li ad ari an

Car Tul ni sam xed ro saq me Si. bo lo mo na-

ce me biT, is ra e lis Se i a ra Re bu li Za le bis

erT me sa meds qa le bi Se ad ge nen. jar Si ga saw-

vev Ta asa ki 18 wli dan iwye ba.

“xa i e le Ti” li ka par la gaS vi li sa qar T-

ve lo Si be bi is sa na xa vad ori wlis Sem deg

Ca mo va. ro gorc Ta vad am bobs, oja xis wev-

re bi is ra el Si da me gob re bi sa qar T ve lo Si

Za li an enat re ba. mo nat re bis ga mo, er Txel,

ci xes Zlivs ga da ur Ca. “sax l Si stum re bi

gvyav da sa qar T ve lo dan, me ja ri dan maT

sa na xa vad ga mo vi pa re da er Ti kvi riT dav-

r Ci. ukan rom miv b run di, Cems saq mes uk ve

sa sa mar T lo ga ni xi lav da. ma Sin ci xes ub ra-

lo Sem Tx ve vi To bis wya lo biT ga da vur Ci,

mo sa mar T le qar T ve li eb ra e li aR moC n da

da mxo lod mkac ri gaf r Txi le ba mom ca”.

li ka sam xed ro ka ri e ris ga ke Te bas ar

geg mavs, Tum ca, ro gorc Ta vad am bobs, sro-

la Si ise ga i wa fa, rom mi si nas ro li tyvi i-

dan mi zans TiT q mis arc er Ti ar cde ba. ase-

Ti miR we ve bis ga mo ga mo ricxu li ar aris,

rom erT dRe sac cxel wer til Si mox v des.

cxel wer til Si ar yo fi la, mag ram ag vis-

tos mov le ne bis dros mo wi na aR m de gis Se Ce-

re bas va zi a nis sam xed ro ba zi dan cdi lob-

da, 23 wlis ja ris ka ci qa li ci ra ki la Ze.

is me oTxe bri ga dis kav Sir gab mu lo bis kvan-

Zis sa xe los nos teq ni ko sia. uni ver si te tis

das ru le bis Sem deg fi lo lo gad mu Sa o bas,

sa qar T ve los Se i a ra Re bul Za leb Si sam sa xu-

ri ar Cia da for ma mo ir go. “sa qar T ve lo Si

jer ki dev uk virT for mi a ni qa lis da nax va

da bev ri qa lis jar Si sam sa xurs ar amar T-

lebs, mag ram ja ris ka co ba Ce mi mo wo de baa”,

– am bobs ci ra.

ci ra er Ti we lia, rac jar Si msa xu robs.

sa nam sa mo qa la qo pi ri iyo, sam xed ro niv-

Tebs ag ro veb da da ja ris ka co ba ze oc ne-

bob da. oc ne ba te le kom pa nia “rus Ta vi 2-is”

re a li Ti Sou “ya zar mam” aux di na.

“sam xed ro saq me im de nad ma in te re seb da,

rom “ya zar ma Si” mi vi Re mo na wi le o ba. ver

vity vi, rom bev ri ram vis wav le, mag ram pro-

eq t Si mo na wi le o bam ga moc di le ba Sem Zi na.

Ta nac, pro eq tis mo na wi le ebs San si mog ve ca,

nam d vil jar Si gag veg r Ze le bi na sam sa xu ri”,

– am bobs is.

pro eq tis das ru le bis Sem deg ci ram sa bu-

Te bi ofi cer Ta aka de mi a Si Se i ta na, mag ram,

pi ra di prob le me bis ga mo, iZu le bu li gax-

da, ofi cer Ta kor pu si dro e biT da e to ve-

bi na.

”swav las auci leb lad ga vag r Ze leb da

kap ra lis wo de bas ofic ris wo de biT Sev c-

v li. mi zan da sa xu li ada mi a ni var da mje ra

rom bevrs mi vaR wev”, - am bobs ci ra.

ci ras miR we ve bi bev ri aqvs. is sa qar T-

ve los Cem pi o nia kik boq s Si. ro gorc Ta vad

am bobs, bav S vo ba Si mxo lod sa mi oc ne ba

hqon da, rom lic uk ve aix di na.

”min do da sa qar T ve los Cem pi o ni vyo fi-

li ya vi da gav x di ki dec. me o re oc ne ba av to-

mo bi lis yid va iyo, ro me lic sul ax la xan

Se vi Zi ne da me sa me - sam xed ro ka ri e ris

ga ke Te baa”.

me oTxe bri ga da Si sul 115 qa li msa-

xu robs. ase u lis oc me Ta u ri aleq san d re

aleq siS vi li ci ras da de bi Tad axa si a Tebs,

am bobs, rom is yve las gan ga mor Ce u li da

mi zan da sa xu li ja ris ka cia. “mi u xe da vad imi-

sa, rom ci ra man di lo sa nia, ne bis mi e ri sir-

Tu lis da va le bas swo rad da xa ris xi a nad

as ru lebs. fi zi ku ri mom za de biT bevr ma ma-

kacs sjo bia”. Tum ca, aleq siS vi li am bobs:

“mi u xe da vad imi sa, rom ase ul Si bev ri

qa lia, ma inc mi maC nia, rom ma Ti ad gi li sam-

za re u lo Sia, ga mo nak li se bis gar da”.

sa qar T ve lo Si jar Si sam sa xu ri qa le bis-

T vis sa val de bu lo ar aris. dRes ofi ci a-

lu ri mo na ce me biT 1,646 qa li msa xu robs.

maT So ris aris ci rac, ro me lic Tvlis

rom ja ris ka co ba rTu li pro fe siaa. “ro ca

for mas ic vam, ar un da ifiq ro SiS ze, ukan-

da xe va ze. gac no bi e re bu li un da gqon des is

pa su xis m geb lo ba, ra sac jar Si sam sa xu ri

ga kis rebs. Tu ga be de da for ma er Txel

Ca ic vi, aRar un da ga i xa do”, - acxa debs is.

ci ras TqmiT, jar Si fu Wi oc ne be bi saT vis

dro nak le bad aris. Tu odes me oja xis Seq-

m nas ga dawy vets, cxov re bis Ta nam g zav rad

isev sam xed ro pirs air Cevs.

naTia suxiaSvili

pro fe sia – ja ris ka ci

foto: naTia suxiaSili

fi cis da de ba yve la ze

da sa max sov re be li

dRe iyo Cems cxov re ba Si

sa qar T ve lo Si sa fex bur To sko leb Si

20,000 bav S vi iricxe ba. 14 wlam de asak Si

qar Tu li gun de bi war ma te bebs aR we ven

sa er Ta So ri so as pa rez ze, ra sac bo lo xu Ti

wlis gan mav lo ba Si da ni a Si Ca ta re bul

Se jib r ze mo po ve bu li sap ri zo ad gi le bi

mow mobs. ra di ka lu rad gan s x va ve bu li mdgo-

ma re o baa 18-dan 21 wlam de asak Si, sa dac

qar Tu li klu be bi da sa qar T ve los axal-

gaz r du li nak re be bi ver axer xe ben sap ri zo

ad gi le bis mo po ve bas.

gia ka ku lia 2001 wli dan sa fex bur To

sko la “ira os” bav S v Ta mwvrTne lia. am xnis

gan mav lo ba Si mas mra val ni Wi er bav S v Tan

hqon da ur Ti er To ba, Tum ca, mi si ve gan cxa-

de biT, arc erT maT gans pro fe si o na lu ri

do ni saT vis ar mi uR we via, ris mi ze za dac

is mo ed nis ga reT bav S vis sust kon t rols

asa xe lebs.

“mSob le bis 70 %-s bav S ve bi fex bur T ze

mxo lod imi tom mo yavT, rom axal gaz r da

qu Cis ze gav le nis qveS ar mo eq ces, mis fex-

bur Te lad Ca mo ya li be ba ze ki nak le bad

zru na ven”, – acxa debs gia ka ku lia. mi si ve

TqmiT, fex bur Te lad Ca mo ya li be ba Si di di

ro li swor kve bas uka via, gan sa kuT re biT

gar da te xis asak Si. am Ja mad kve ba ze kon t-

ro li mxo lod 10-15 dRi an Sek re beb ze

xor ci el de ba, rac, ra Tqma un da, sak ma ri si

ar aris.

“da sawyis Si yve la fe ri kar gad aris. mgo-

nia, rom mo ma val var s k v lavs vzrdi, Tum ca

ga dis dro da aR moC n de ba, rom an da i Wi res,

an fi zi ku rad ve Rar vi Tar de ba da Ta maSs

ver axer xebs”, – am bobs mwvrTne li.

gia ka ku li as ga moc di le ba Si aris ise Ti

Sem Tx ve ve bi, ro ca bav S vi ni Wi e ri da mon do-

me bu lia, mSo be li ki sa Ta na do yu radRe bas

ar aq cevs, rad gan ar surs mi si Svi lis fex-

bur Te lo ba. “bev r jer miv sul var mSo bel-

Tan da miT q vams mis Svil ze, rom Zal zed

ni Wi e ria da miTxo via yu radRe ba mi aq ci on

mis kve bas da Zi lis re Jims. Tum ca, mSob-

le bis az riT, spor ti mxo lod gar To baa

da sxva ara fe ri. ase Ti da mo ki de bu le bis

ga moc xSi rad ikar ge ba ta lan ti”, – am bobs

ka ku lia.

gia rex vi aS vi li 37 wlis biz nes me nia.

igi yo fi li sport s me nia da Ta vis 12 wlis

Svi li san d ro “ira os” sa fex bur To sko la Si

da yavs. ro gorc am bobs, ub ra lod bav S vis

fi zi ku r janm r Te lo ba ze zru navs. “yo fi la

Sem Tx ve ve bi, ro ca san d ros Ta ma Si sko lis

sa a Tebs em Tx ve o da, Tum ca, me ma inc sko la-

Si mim yav da, rad gan ar min da Ce mi Svi li

spor t s me ni ga mo vi des. yve la spor t s mens

ka ri e ris dam T avre bis Sem deg janm r Te lo-

bis proble me bi aqvs. ar min da Cem ma Svil ma

igi ve ga mo ca dos”, – ga nacxa da gia rex vi aS-

vil ma.

man ase ve isic das Zi na, rom spor ti sa qar-

T ve lo Si mom ge bi a ni ar aris da ur Cev nia

mis ma Svil ma wig neb Tan ur Ti er To biT mi aR-

wi os war ma te bas.

san d ros oc ne ba fex bur Te lo baa, Ta vi si

ku mi ric hyavs da, mi si ve TqmiT, yve la fers

mo i moq me debs, rom le o nel me si viT iTa-

ma Sos. “min da rom fex bur Te li gav x de da

sa qar T ve los nak reb Si vi Ta ma So, yo vel

di liT ro ca viR vi Zeb er Ti su li maqvs

ro dis wa val var jiS ze”, – am bobs san d ro.

kiTx va ze, swav la ur Cev nia Tu fex bur Ti,

san d rom ar Ce va ni ma Sin ve fex bur T ze Se a-

Ce ra.

re vaz maR la fe ri Ze, 72 wlis pen si o ne ri,

yo fi li fex bur Te lia da Ta vi si 11 wlis

Svi liS vi li ni ka ma nac “ira os” sa fex bur To

sko la Si mi iy va na.

“ni kac da mec Za li an mon do me bu le bi

varT. var ji Sis gar da, yo vel di liT va kis

par k Si dar bis, ezo Sic ago rebs burTs da

Ta vis dro zec iZi nebs”.

ni ka 55-e sko lis mos wav lea. imis ga mo,

rom did ener gi a sa da dros uT mobs fex-

burTs, aris Sem Tx ve ve bi, ro ca gak ve Ti lebs

ac dens an mo um za de be li mi dis sko la Si.

Tum ca ni kas ba bua am faqts ga ge biT eki de-

ba, rad gan sje ra Ta vi si Svi liS vi lis ni Wis

da aq cents ara swav la ze, ara med fex bur T-

ze ake Te bi nebs.

ge la ka ku li as TqmiT, prob le ma isev

fi nan sebs ukav Sir de ba. “sa qar T ve lo Si fex-

bur T Si fu li uaz rod ide ba da Zi ri Ta dad

uk ve umaR le si li gis gun debs xmar de baT.

Tum ca isi ni ev ro as pa rez ze war ma te bas

ma inc ver aR we ven”. mi si az riT, “fu li bav S-

v Ta fex bur T Si un da Ca i dos”.

ka ki yif Si Ze

bav S v Ta fex bur Tsa da umaRles ligas Soris dakarguli talanti


qar Tul iumo ris tul ga da ce mebs eTer-

Si gas v li dan ma Ra li re i tin gi- sa Su a lod

20-40 % aqvT, mag ram 3 Tvis Sem deg re i-

tin gi kle bu lobs da ga da ce ma ma yu re bels

kar gavs.

iumo ris tu li ga da ce me bis, mTa va ri me ne-

je ris, aleq si mal xa ziS vi lis TqmiT, eTer-

Si gas v lis dRi dan “va nos So us” re i tin gi

20 % iyo. ori wlis Sem deg is 11,7 %-mde

da e ca.

aleq si mal xa ziS vi li, iumo ris tu li ga da-

ce me bis mTa va ri me ne je ri, re i tin gis var d-

nis mTa var mi ze zad ma Ral kon ku ren tul

ga re mos asa xe lebs. mi si az riT, zo ga dad,

qar Tu li ar xe bi s yu re ba do bam ik lo, xo lo

ucxo u ri ar xe bi sa da in ter ne tis mox ma re-

bam mo i ma ta: “Ce mi az riT, in ter ne tis bra-

lia, rad gan ga da ce mis mo lo di nis mo men ti

aRar ar se bobs”, – am bobs mal xa ziS vi li. is

fiq robs, rom sa qar T ve lo Si iumo ris tu li

ga da ce me bis prob le ma sce na ris te bis sim ci-

res Ta nac aris da kav Si re bu li.

ima ve prob le ma ze sa ub robs ga da ce ma “n

So us” wam y va ni ni ka qav Ta ra Ze. mi si az riT,

sa qar T ve lo Si sce na ris te bis tra di ci u li

sko lis arar se bo bis ga mo, mxo lod TviT nas-

wav li sce na ris te bi ari an. “sce na ris to ba

aras d ros ar iyo Se mo sav lis wya ro, ben zin-

ga sa marT sad gur ze mu Sa o ba uf ro per s peq-

ti u lad iT v le bo da”, – am bobs qav Ta ra Ze.

qav Ta ra Zis TqmiT, “n Sou” eTer Si rom

ga vi da, re i tin gi 25 % hqon da da 5 Tvis Sem-

deg 12 % gauxda. ga da ce ma eTer Si gas v lis

dRi dan 1 we li wad Si da i xu ra. am ga da ce mis

re i tin gis da ce mis mTa va ri mi ze zi, ni ka qav-

Ta ra Zis az riT, ga mo uc de lo ba da aras wo ri

me nej men ti iyo. igi am bobs, rom msgav si

ga da ce mis ke Te ba sa qar T ve lo Si Za li an Zne-

lia, rad gan pa ta ra ba za ria da Te ma ti kis

de fi ci tia. “me max sovs ame ri ku li Ra mis

So us wam y van ma jei le nom erT ga da ce ma Si

stum rad kos mo si dan as t ro nav te bi Car To.

msgav si ra mis ga ke Te ba sa qar T ve lo Si Se uZ-

le be lia. ma Ra li do nis ga da ce mis ga ke Te-

bas bev ri Tan xe bi Wir de ba”.

iumo ris tu li ga da ce me bis erT-er Ti sce-

na ris tis, za za bi bi laS vi lis az riT, “sce-

na ris te bi ki ar ari an co ta, ara med kar gi

sce na ris te bi ar ari an bev r ni, Tum ca, sa qar-

T ve lo Si ise Ti Te me bis nak le bo bac aris,

ra Te ma zec Se iZ le ba xum ro ba da we ros

sce na ris t ma”.

Te ma ti ki sa da kar gi sce na ris te bis nak le-

bo bas asa xe lebs mTa var prob le mad “va nos

So us” wam y va ni va no ja va xiS vi lic. ga da ce-

mis gas v li sas pir ve li efeq ti sul sxvaa,

3 Tve ga da ce ma ar se bobs, Sem deg sa xu ma ro

Te ma im de nad mci rea, rom uk ve un da iz ru-

no mis Se nar Cu ne ba sa da sta bi lur re i tin g-

ze”, – ambobs is.

ja va xiS vi lis az riT, qar T ve li ma yu re-

be li Za li an pre ten zi u li da mom Txov nia,

rac imas niS navs, rom yo vel T vis si ax les

iTxovs. javaxiSvili fiq robs, rom xal xi,

sa er Tod, sxva ra mes iTxovs da sxva iumor-

ze ici nis. “Tu ar da iWya ne, ar ici ni an,

kla si kur in te leq tu a lur iumors ver

ige ben”.

ja va xiS vi lis az riT, “va nos So us” kon-

ku ren ti ar hyavs, Tum ca, kar gi iq ne ba, Tu

eyo le ba, rad gan kon ku ren cia, mi si az riT,

kar gia, rad gan, rac me tia kon ku ren cia

uf ro cdi lob, rom xa ris xi a ni iumo ri “ake-

To”, rom kon ku ren t ma ar ga jo bos.

iumo ris tu li ga da ce me bis ma yu reb lis,

22 wlis, da To mi Sve la Zis TqmiT, is yve-

la ze xSi rad “va nos So us” uyu rebs, rad gan

ga da ce ma asa xavs qve ya na Si mim di na re mov le-

nebs da xum ro be bic Zi ri Ta dad aq tu a lur

Te meb zea. da To mi Sve la Zis TqmiT, igi

uf ro xSi rad uyu reb da ga da ce mas, ro de sac

is axa li dawye bu li iyo. “ga da ce mis dawye-

bas sul ve lo de bo di xol me, ma in te re seb da

mom dev no ga da ce ma Si ra ze iq ne bo da xum-

ro be bi, ax lac vu yu reb, mag ram ise xSi rad

aRar. kar gi iq ne ba, ra me si ax les Tu Se i ta-

nen ga da ce ma Si”,- am bobs da To.

iumo ris tul ga da ce meb ze gan s x va ve bu li

Se xe du le ba aqvs te le kom pa nia “ime dis”

prog ra me bis di req tors, da viT go gi Ca iS-

vils: “ma yu re be li yo vel T vis mar Ta lia.

Ce mi az riT, ga da ce mis ke Te ba Sia prob le ma.

mTa va ri is aris, ro gor ake Teb, Tu ga da-

ce mas da ba li re i tin gi aqvs e.i. mas ver

ake Te ben”.

go gi Ca iS vi li arc im azrs eTan x me ba, rom

sa qar T ve lo Si ma Ra li do nis ga da ce mis ga ke-

Te bas bev ri fu li sWir de ba. “var s k v la vu ri

ome bis” ga da Re ba 80-jer me ti daj da, vid-

re “mSve ni e ri go ne bis”, mag ram “mSve ni er ma

go ne bam” ajo ba, Se mo sav le bis mxriv, uf ro

me ti ga i yi da e.i. uf ro kar gi ga ke Te bu li

iyo, fu li ara fer Su a Sia”, – am bobs go gi-

Ca iS vi li.

mi si az riT, iumor ze yve la ze di di

SezRud ve bi da nak le bi da fi nan se ba sab Wo-

Ta kav Si ris dros iyo, mag ram yve la ze sa sa-

ci lo aneg do te bi ma Sin iq m ne bo da.

go gi Ca iS vi lma jguf Tan er Tad axali

iumo ris tul ga da ce ma daiwyo, ro me lic

yo vel pa ras kevs gadis eTer Si da ram de ni-

me wam y va ni yavs. axa li ga da ce ma qar Tul

iumo ris tul ba zar ze kon ku ren ci as me tad

gaz r dis. am dro i saT vis ba zar ze da viT

go gi Ca iS vi lis, aleq si mal xa ziS vi li sa da

mi Sa mSvil da Zis jgu fe bi moR va we o ben.

iumo ris tu li ga da ce me bis re i tin gi mer ye obsgi or gi af ci a u ri

samuzeumo reforma mnaxvelTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT

sa qar T ve lo Si ar se bu li mu ze u me bis

Se no bebs re mon ti utar de ba, um jo bes de ba

eq s po na te bis Se nax vi sa da mov lis pi ro be bi,

per so nals utar de ba tre nin ge bi, bav S ve bis-

T vis xor ci el de ba sa gan ma naT leb lo prog-

ra me bi. ga nax le bu li sa mu ze u mo Se no be bi

mo ma val wels ga ix s ne ba.

2005 wels sa qar T ve los erov nul ma mu ze-

um ma re for mis gan xor ci e le ba da iwyo, rom-

lis Se de gad sxva das x va sko lis mos wav le-

e bi ufa sod da es w r nen sa gan ma naT leb lo

kur sebs ar qe o lo gi a sa da ge o lo gi a Si. bav-

S ve bis T vis Se iq m na sas wav lo-Se mec ne bi Ti

prog ra ma me xa li Ce o bis Se sa xeb sa xe lad

“mo diT, gav y veT Zafs”. mim di na re obs prog-

ra ma dev ni li bav S ve bis T vis, ro mel Sic 200

bav S via Car Tu li.

“bav S vo ba Si mu ze u me bi arc ise mim zid ve-

li da sa in te re so iyo Cem T vis”, – am bobs 47

wlis Ten giz bo ku Ca va, in Ji ne ri: “mu ze um Si

uf ro xaT riT dav y ve bo di mSob lebs, ga ci-

le biT mer Civ na va kis par k Si ga se ir ne ba.”

“mu ze u mis um niS v ne lo va ne si mi siaa, wvli-

li Se i ta nos mo ma va li Ta o be bis ga naT le-

ba Si. ga mo fe ne bi, ko leq ci e bi, mec ni e ru li

kvle ve bi, sa zo ga do e bis, upir ve le sad, mos-

wav le e bis, ga naT le bas un da em sa xu re bo-

des.” ambobs erov nu li mu ze u mis ge ne ra-

lu ri di req to ri da viT lor T qi fa ni Ze

sa qar T ve los erov nu li mu ze u mis “sa gan ma-

naT leb lo cen t ris mac ne Si”. ga mo ce ma sko-

lis mos wav le ebsa da yve la da in te re se bul

ada mi ans msof li os sxva das x va, maT So ris,

qar Tul mu ze u mebs, maT is to ri as, Ta na med-

ro ve mu ze u me bis spe ci fi kasa da si ax le ebs

ac nobs. am Ja mad mi si ga mo ce ma Se Ce re bu lia

da, ro gorc erov nul mu ze um Si am bo ben, axa-

li wlis T vis ga nax l de ba.

re for ma qar Tu li mu ze u me bis sa er Ta So-

ri so stan dar te bi sad mi daq vem de ba re bas

iT va lis wi nebs. mi si Zi ri Ta di mi za nia da a-

in te re sos is ada mi a ne bic ki, rom le bic ara-

so des yo fi lan mu ze um Si, am bobs erov nu li

mu ze u mis di req to ris mo ad gi le mi Sa we re-

Te li. mi si az riT, erT-er Ti yve la ze mniS-

v ne lo va ni ko leq ci e bis mar T vaa - yve la

mu ze um ma un da da a xa ris xos Ta vi si ko leq ci-

e bi jgu fe bis mi xed viT: ar qe o lo gia, fer we-

ra, eT nog ra fia da a. S., rad gan Ti To e ul

jgufs Ta vi si spe ci fi ka aqvs. ki dev er Ti

mniS v ne lo va ni xa zi re for mi sa, we reT lis

az riT, sa xel m ZR va ne lo e bi sa da gzam k v lev-

Ta eleq t ro nu li ver si e bis Seq m naa.

“ka fe, ma Ra zia - msgav si Tav Sey ris ad gi-

le bi xal xis mo zid vis T vis auci le be li

faq to ria”, – am bobs mi Sa we re Te li: “ja na-

Si as mu ze um Si Se ve li eT erT did dar bazs,

ro mel sac mu ze um Si mo su li ada mi a ne bis

das ve ne bi sa da gan t vir T vis T vis ga mo vi ye-

nebT.”

ucxo u ri mu ze u me bis msgav sad, sa qar T-

ve lo Si audi o gi de bis Se mo Re bas api re ben,

anu yur sas me ne bis moy va ru le bi ama Tu

im xe lov ne bis ni mu Sis is to ri as maT T vis

sa sur vel ena ze mo is me nen. Ta vi dan audio-

gi de bi mxo lod qar Tul da in g li sur eneb-

ze imu Sa vebs, mo ma val Si ki maT ger ma nu li

da fran gu li ene bic da e ma te ba.

ja na Si as sa xe lo bis is to ri is mu ze u mis

gi di la ma ra ba RaS vi li am bobs, rom uam ra-

vi msur ve li mo uT men lad elis mu ze u me bis

gax s nas, per so na li ki “axal, ga far To e bul

are al Si” mu Sa o bas, rac imas niS navs, rom

Tu aqam de gi de bi mxo lod im mu ze u mis eq s-

po na te bis is to ri is cod niT Se mo i far g le-

bod nen, ro mel Sic mu Sa ob d nen, ax la, ram de-

ni me tre nin gis Sem deg gi debs sa qar T ve los

yve la im mu ze um Si Se uZ li aT mu Sa o ba, rom-

leb sac erov nu li mu ze u mi aer Ti a nebs.

mTaw min da ze, gu di aS vi lis qu Ca ze “sa qar-

T ve los erov nu li mu ze u mi”, sa ja ro bib-

li o Te ka, Tbi li sis me ria da GMT jgu fi

sa mu ze u mo qu Cis Seq m nas geg ma ven. kon k-

re tu li dro cno bi li ar aris, rad gan

jer am qu Ca ze mSe neb lo be bi mim di na re obs.

sa mu ze u mo qu Cis Seq m nis Sem deg, ro gorc

erov nul mu ze um Si am bo ben, im ad gi las

ukon t ro lod ve Rar gan vi Tar de ba biz ne si

da ve Rar aSen de ba ar se bu li ga re mos Se u sa-

ba mo Se no be bi.

2004 wels Seq m nil “sa qar T ve los erov-

nul mu ze ums” mTe li in f ras t ruq tu ris

cvli le be bis dawye ba mo u wia. man rva mu ze u-

mi da sa mec ni e ro in s ti tu ti ga a er Ti a na. am

ga er Ti a ne biT da iwyo re for me bi, rac Ta na-

med ro ve me nej men tsa da er Ti a ni ad mi nis t-

ri re bis sis te mis da ner g vas gu lis x mobs.

“bo los sa qar T ve los mu ze u meb Si ro dis

vi ya vi, arc max sovs, mgo ni bev ri mu ze u mi

arc gvaqvs”, – am bobs 22 wlis iuris ti ana

qe ba Ze.

“min da, rom eq s po zi ci e bi uf ro mra val-

fe ro va ni iyos. mox des ga mo fe nis or ma gad

sa in te re sod war mo Ce na. mu ze u mi ar un da

iyos gan Tav se bu li Cve u leb riv Se no ba Si,

anu mas un da hqon des gan sa kuT re bu li ga na-

Te bis sis te me bi da a. S.” - es 24 wlis fsi-

qo lo gis, ni no ale liS vi lis az ria; xolo

30 wlis mxat va ri gu ram pa tar qa liS vi li

fiqrobs, rom “Cven mu ze u mebs sa na xa o ba

ak lia, e. w. “dra i vi”. Za li an SezRu du lia

ma Ti sa mu Sao sa a Te bi, Tan bevr ra Ra cas ar

gvaC ve ne ben da sa ca veb Si ina xa ven. xe lov ne-

bis mu ze um Si mu mia rom aris, me er Ti wlis

win ga vi ge, ara da un da mcod no da.”

erov nu li mu ze u mis re for mis erT-er Ti

Tval sa Ci no ma ga li Ti siR na Ris mu ze u mia.

is sa er Ta So ri so stan dar tebs Se e sa ba me ba

da bev ri dam T va li e re be li hyavs.

da ax lo e biT 25 wlis win ev ro pa sa da

ame ri ka Si mu ze u mi aso cir de bo da Zve li

ya i dis mo sawyen da we se bu le bas Tan, ro me-

lic nak leb yu radRe bas aq cev da dam T va li-

e re bel Ta in te re seb sa da sur vi lebs. ax la

mu ze u mis ro li Se ic va la, is mnax ve lis

moTxov nebs iT va lis wi nebs – na xos da is wav-

los axa li ram, dat k bes siZ ve le Ta xil viT,

kom for tu lad ga a ta ros dro, am sur vi le-

bis as ru le bas qar Tu li mu ze u me bic xalxs

uax lo es mo ma val Si pir de be bi an.

foto: naTia rusaZe

na Tia ru sa Ze

“ko me di Sous” dasawyisSi re i tin gi 40 % hqon da, 5 wlis Sem deg –14 %;

“klab So us” – 18 % da 1 wlis Sem deg 14 %;

“si ci lis zo nas” – 10 % da 1 Tvis Sem deg 8 %


ara sam Tav ro bo or ga ni za ci am “mar ne u-

lis ra i o nis kul tu ra Ta So ris gan vi Ta re-

bis cen t ri” 2008 wels iaR lu jas te ri to-

ri a ze Sxam qi mi ka te bis sa mar xis eko lo gi u-

ri usaf r Txo e bis Se sa xeb pro eq ti ga na xor-

ci e la. pro eq tis mi za ni iyo kom pe ten tur

or ga no eb Tan di a lo gis gziT ga da eq ci aT

Sxam qi mi ka te bis sa mar xi usaf r Txo zo nad,

rom mim de ba re te ri to ri a ze myo fi ada mi a-

ne bis janm r Te lo bas Tu sxva cocxal or ga-

niz mebs saf r Txe ar Seq m no daT. pro eq tis

bo los iaR lu jas sa mar x ze pa su xis m ge bel

in s tan ci as ver mi ak v li es. bi om ra val fe rov-

ne bis kon ser va ci is da kvle ve bis cen t ris

eq s per tis TqmiT, Sxam qi mi ka te bi ada mi a nis

on ko lo gi ur da a va de be biT das ne u le bis

saf r Txes zrdis.

iaR lu jas mTa gan la ge bu lia qve mo qar T-

lis re gi on Si mar ne u lis mu ni ci pa li tet sa

da qa laq rus Tavs So ris. te ri to ria gaT-

va lis wi ne bu li iyo zam T ris sa Zov re bi saT-

vis.

pro eq tis di req to ris, Te imu r be ri Zis

in for ma ci iT, Sxam qi mi ka te bis sa mar xi iaR-

lu jas mTis te ri to ri a ze sab Wo Ta kav-

Si ris dros, 1978 wels, gaC n da. “me ma Sin

vmu Sa ob di sof lis me ur ne o bis teq ni ka Si,

iyo ase Ti struq tu ra. ro gorc ma Sin del

xel m ZR va nels, da me va la Sxam qi mi ka te bis

sa mar xis mowyo ba. yve la pi ro ba iyo da cu-

li. 200-300 metr siR r me Si ga keT da be to-

nis bun ke re bi, ra Sic Ca i ya ra es nar Ce ne bi,

da id ga Ro be da da va ye neT dac va”, – am bobs

Te mu r be ri Ze.

mi si ve TqmiT, ram de ni me we lia, sa mar xi

upat ro nod aris. “vi Ra cam aiRo da eq s ka va-

to riT ga moTxa ra mi wa, da am t v ria be to nis

bun ke ri, ris Se de ga dac es Sxam qi mi ka te bi

mi wis ze moT aR moC n da”.

pro eq tis far g leb Si or ga ni za ci as sa mar-

xis eko lo gi u ri mdgo ma re o bis Se sa xeb

in for ma cia un da mo eg ro ve bi na da mi e wo de-

bi na Se sa ba mi si struq tu ri saT vis. Tum ca,

ro me li struq tu ris ba lan s ze aris sa mar xi,

ver ga ar k vi es. “Cven miv mar TeT we ri lo biT

mar ne u lis mu ni ci pa li te tis sak re bu los,

sof lis me ur ne o bis sa mi nis t ros”, – am bobs

Te mur be ri Ze.

sof lis me ur ne o bis sa mi nis t ros we ril-

Si naT q va mia:

“ba to no, Te mur,

sa mi nis t rom ga ni xi la Tqve ni we ri li,

ro me lic Se e xe ba mar ne u lis te ri to ri a ze

ar se bu li Sxam qi mi ka te bis sa mar xis eko lo-

gi u ri usaf r Txo e bis sa kiTxs.

amas Tan da kav Si re biT gac no bebT, rom

we ril Si aR niS nu li obi eq ti ar iricxe ba

sof lis me ur ne o bis sa mi nis t ros ba lan s ze.

pa ti vis ce miT,

ba kur kve ze re li

mi nis t ris pir ve li mo ad gi le

(2008 w. mar ti)”

“mar ne u lis mu ni ci pa li te tis ba lan s zec

ar im yo fe ba sa mar xi, ro gorc we ri lo biT

mac no bes sak re bu lo dan”, – am bobs be ri Ze.

sa qar T ve los ga re mos dac vi sa da bu neb-

ri vi re sur se bis sa mi nis t rom or ga ni za ci is

we ri li upa su xod da to va.

“Cve ni pro eq ti 5,000 do la ris far g leb-

Sia. am sa mar xis prob le mas da mo u ki deb lad

ver ga dav W riT. mag ram Cven Seg viZ lia

xma maR la vTqvaT, rom sa mar xi ga nad gu re-

bu lia. am te ri to ri a ze Se dis sa qo ne li,

da dis ada mi a ni, sa xel m wi fom amas un da mi xe-

dos”, – acxa debs be ri Ze.

ga re mos dac vi sa da bu neb ri vi re sur-

se bis sa mi nis t ros nar Ce ne bis da qi mi u ri

niv Ti e re be bis sam mar T ve los uf ro sis, ala-

ver di Car q se li a nis TqmiT, iaR lu jas te ri-

to ri a ze ar se bu li Sxam qi mi ka te bis sa mar xi

ara vis ba lan s ze ar aris: “su bi eq te bi, vis

ba lan s zec sa mar xi iyo, aRar ar se bo ben.

sam wu xa rod, un da aR v niS no is faq ti, rom

sa mar xis oTxi heq ta ri ara vis ba lan s ze

araa”. mi u xe da vad imi sa, rom Sxam qi mi ka te-

bis sa mar xi ar aris ga re mos dac vis sa mi-

nis t ros ba lan s ze, al ver di Car q se li a nis

TqmiT, sa mar xis prob le mis mog va re bas mxo-

lod sa er Ta So ri so or ga ni za ci e bis dax ma-

re bis Sem Tx ve va Si SeZ le ben. “es aris er Ti

mi li o ni do la ris saq me, Cven uk ve dav we-

reT pro eq ti sa mar xis re a bi li ta ci is Ta o-

ba ze da ve liT da fi nan se bas”, – aR niS navs

Car q se li a ni.

“mar ne u lis ra i o nis kul tu ra Ta So ri si

gan vi Ta re bis cen t r ma” bi om ra val fe rov ne-

bis kon ser va ci i sa da kvle ve bis centr “nak-

res Tan” er Tad Ca a ta ra iaR lu jas sa mar xis

ni a da gis ana li zi, ris Se de ga dac ga mo av li-

nes ise Ti mav ne pes ti ci de bi, ro go ric aris

DDT (dus ti) da di od ri ni.

“dus ti, di od ri ni es yve la fe ri Sxa mia,

rom lis da niS nu le ba mwe re bis ga nad gu re-

baa da ara - ada mi a ne bis”, – am bobs “nak re-

sis” eq s per ti ka xa ar ci va Ze. mi si TqmiT,

iaR lu jas mTa Sxam qi mi ka te bis sa mar xis T vis

kar gi ad gi lia. “sak ma od Rrmad aris grun-

tis wyle bi, Se da re bi Ti sim S ra lea, sa qar T-

ve los sxva te ri to ri e bi sa gan gan s x va ve biT,

es ad gi li yve la ze me tad ak ma yo fi lebs

Se nax vis moTxov nebs. ro gorc vi ci, sa mar xi

ga nad gu re bu lia”, – am bobs ar ci va Ze.

eq s per tis TqmiT, aR mo Ce ni li pes ti ci-

de bi aris mxo lod im ana li ze bis Se de gi,

ra zec ara sam Tav ro bo or ga ni za ci as eyo

Tan xa. “ki dev ram de ni sxva uf ro mav ne Sxa-

mia ara vin icis”, – aRniSnavs igi.

nar Ce ne bi sa da qi mi u ri niv Ti e re be bis

sam mar T ve los uf ro sis ala ver di Car q se-

li a nis TqmiT, es pes ti ci de bi sa qo nels da

mo sax le o bas saf r Txes ar uq m nis.

“nak re sis” eq s per ti ki am bobs: “dus ti da

di od ri ni ar ga nic dis daS las ise Ti bu neb-

ri vi kli ma tu ri mov le ne biT, ro go ri caa

wvi ma, mze da a. S. ar iS le ba, ag reT ve mce-

na re ul sa far Si. Tu cxo ve li Se Wams im mce-

na res, ro mel mac Se i wo va aR niS nu li Sxam-

qi mi ka te bi, Ta vad xde ba mi si ma ta re be li,

rad ga nac Sxa mi ga da dis cxo ve lis cxi mo van

na wil Si. Tu ada mi a ni mo ix mars ase Ti cxo ve-

lis xorcs, ma Sin aR niS nu li Sxam qi mi ka te bi

ada mi a nis or ga niz m Si mox v de ba da es iw vevs

on ko lo gi u ri da a va de bis risk-fak to ris

gaz r das. imis mtki ce ba, rom ada mi a ni da i Ru-

pa mis or ga niz m Si aR niS nu li Sxam qi mi ka te-

bis ga mo, jer je ro biT Se uZ le be lia, mag ram

uar yo fac ar Seg viZ lia”.

“mar ne u lis ra i o nis kul tu ra Ta So ris

gan vi Ta re bis cen t r ma”, ro gorc mi si di req-

to ri Te mu r be ri Ze am bobs, pro eq tis

bo los iaR lu jas sa mar x ze pa su xis m ge bel

in s tan ci as ver mi ak v lia, mag ram pro eq tis

far g leb Si sa in for ma cio buk le te bi da am-

za da da usaf r Txo e bis niS ne bi sa gan ru sul

da qar Tul ena ze war we re biT “fTxi lad,

Sxam qi mi ka te bi!”, sa marxs pa ta ra Ro be Se mo-

ar tyes.

frTxi lad, Sxam qi mi ka te bi!ka mi la ma me do va

foto: kamila mamedova

ko mer ci u li ban ke bi uf ro kon ser va ti u li gax d nen

ag vis tos mov le ne bis Sem deg biz nes ga re-

mos aras ta bi lu ro bis ga mo, ko mer ci u li

ban ke bi uf ro kon ser va ti u li gax d nen, rac

ses xe bis ga ce mis gam kac re ba Sic ga mo i xa ta.

omis dros sa ban ko seq tor ma kon f liq tis

pir da pir ze moq me de bas ga uZ lo, Tum ca,

eq s per te bis az riT, sa ban ko seq to ri saT-

vis ga mo yo fi li dax ma re bis mi u xe da vad,

mo sa lod ne li ris ke bis Se fa se ba jer ki dev

rTu lia.

bri u sel Si ga mar Tul Sex ved ra ze msof-

lio ban ki sa da ev ro ko mi si is ini ci a ti viT

sa moc da a Tam de qve ya na 850 mi li o ni ame-

ri ku li do la riT da ex ma ra sa qar T ve los

sa ban ko seq tors. ro gor ga da na wil de ba es

Tan xa, jer ara vin sa ub robs.

zafxul Si erov nul ma ban k ma, ko mer ci u-

li ban ke bi sa da ma Ti kli en te bis dazR ve vis

miz niT, axa li me qa niz mi, “re fi nan si re bis

ses xi” Seq m na. ko mer ci ul ma ban keb ma, 11

ag vis to dan 18 ag vis tos CaT v liT sa fi nan-

so ze dam xed ve lo bis sa a gen tos gan kar gu-

le biT ses xe bis ga ce ma Sewy vi tes. maT ase ve

aek r Za laT in ter net ban kin gis sa Su a le biT

yo vel g va ri mom sa xu re o bis ga we va. ase Ti

ga dawy ve ti le ba sa a gen tom usaf r Txo e bis

zo me bi dan ga mom di na re mi i Ro.

,,im pe ri od Si, pir vel rig Si, mniS v ne-

lo va ni iyo, rom kli en tebs mis ce mo daT

Ta vi an Ti ses xe bis Se u fer xeb lad ga ta nis

Se saZ leb lo ba, rad ga nac, wi na aR m deg Sem-

Tx ve va Si, maT, Se saZ loa, da e kar gaT ndo ba

sa ban ko seq to ris mi marT. amas Tan, Seq m ni li

vi Ta re ba sak re di to ris ke bis ax le bu rad

ga az re bas sa Wi ro eb da”, – am bobs sa fi nan-

so ze dam xed ve lo bis sa a gen tos sa zo ga do-

e basTn ur Ti er To bis sam sa xu ris uf ro si

ka xa ba ra ba Ze.

eko no mi kis eq s pert maia go naS vi lis

TqmiT, omis dros ban ke bi sa ris ko si tu a-

ci a Si im yo fe bod nen. sa mo mav lo prog nozs

ve ra vin ake Teb da. kli en teb ma ban ke bi dan

di di ode no bis Tan xe bi ga i ta nes da sa ban ko

an ga ri Se bic faq ti u rad da ca ri el da.

“va da ga da ci le bu li kre di te bis ra o de-

no ba ag vis tos mov le ne bis Sem deg 35 %-mde

ga i zar da, rac mo u lod ne li iyo sa ban ko

seq to ris T vis. Sem deg li mi te bi da wes da da

sa xel fa so ba ra Te bi dan Tan xe bis ga ta nac

ki Se izRu da”,– am bobs go naS vi li.

“qar Tu ban k Si” ses xe bis ga ce mis Se Ce re-

bas da de bi Tad ar afa se ben, Tum ca Tvli an,

rom im dros es swo ri ga dawy ve ti le ba

iyo.,, omis dros me a nab re e bi pa ni ka Si Ca var-

d nen da fu li ban ke bi dan ga i ta nes. erT

kvi ra Si, omis dros, yve la ban ki dan na xe-

var mi li ard lar ze me ti ga vi da,” – am bobs

gi or gi tri pol s ki, “qar Tu ban kis” xa zi nis

uf ro si.

tri pol s kis TqmiT, ga ce mul ses xebs

zo gi ve Rar fa rav da. sa ban ko seq tors erov-

nu li ban ki ex ma re bo da. erov nul ban k Si

ko mer ci u li ban ke bis sa re zer vo Tan xa ze

pro cen tic Sem cir da.

tri pol s ki ganmartavs, rom yve la banks

erov nul ban k Si sa ku Ta ri re zer vi aqvs. es

re zer vi mTli a nad ban kis mi er mo zi du li

Tan xis na wils Se ad gens. ban ke bi yo vel T vi u-

rad 13 %-s ux did nen erov nul banks, mag ram

ax la ga da sa xa di 5 % gax da, da nar Ce ni 8 %

kvlav ban kebs da ub run da.”

omis Sem deg ses xe bis ga ce ma ze pi ro be bi

gam kac r da. ro gorc,, sa qar T ve los ban k Si”

am bo ben, uf ro kon ser va ti u li gax da.

“ses xis aRe ba Se giZ lia, Tu xel fa si “Ti-

bi-si” ban k Si ge ricxe ba, an ra me sa xiT Cve ni

kli en ti xar, ma ga li Tad, gan va de ba gaqvs,”

– am bobs “Ti-bi-si” ban kis sa zo ga do e bas Tan

ur Ti er To bis de par ta men tis uf ro si maia

Zir k ve liS vi li.

“zus tad ver gety viT, ra Se ic va la, imi-

tom rom erT kvi ras Se iZ le ba sxva pi ro-

be bi gvqon des da me o re kvi ras ki dev sul

sxva. omam de kon k re tu lad dad ge ni li pi ro-

be bi iyo, ax la yo vel k vi re u lad ic v le ba”,

– am bobs “qar Tu ban kis” sak re di to de par-

ta men tis di req to ri zu rab go gua.

eq s per ti maia go naS vi li ko mer ci ul

ban keb Si mom sa xu re bis gaZ vi re ba sa da pro-

cen te bis 30-36 %-mde gaz r da ze sa ub robs.

Tum ca am bobs, rom “mom sa xu re o ba ze fa sis

gaz r da arc ban kebs awyobT. ban ke bis er Ta-

der Ti wya ro sa er Ta So ri so in s ti tu te bi-

dan mi Re bu li Se Ra va Ti a ni grZel va di a ni

kre di te bia, ro me lic yve la banks ar ga mo-

e yo fa.’’

tri pol s kis TqmiT, kre di teb ze pi ro be-

bis cvli le ba na wi lob riv la ris kur s ze

da ucxo eT Si eko no mi kur kri zis zea da mo-

ki de bu li. “ucxo u ri ban ke bi dan Cvens banks

Tan xe bi ar Se mos dis, mag ram ax la ise Ti

vi Ta re baa, rom fu lis Se mos v la mkveT rad

Sem ci re bu lia. ro ca ucxo u ri ban ki fuls

gaZ levs, jer qvey nis re i tings uyu rebs.

re i tin gi ki omis Sem deg da e ca,” – am bobs

“qar Tu ban kis” sak re di to de par ta men tis

di req to ri zu rab go gua. igi kre di to re-

bis nak le bo ba zec sa ub robs. biz nes ga re mos

aras ta bi lu ro bis ga mo kom pa ni e bis moTxov-

na ses xeb ze Sem cir da.

dRe i saT vis ban ke bi sa er Ta So ri so or ga-

ni za ci e bi dan da ucxo u ri ban ke bi dan fi nan-

se bis mo zid vas cdi lo ben. “Ti-bi-si” ban k Si

am bo ben, rom da ax lo e biT 200 mi li o ni

do la ris in ves ti cia mo i zi des, “sa qar T ve-

los ban ki” ki mo la pa ra ke bebs 240 mi li o-

ni ame ri ku li do la ris ode no biT Tan xis

ga mo yo fa ze sa er Ta So ri so sa fi nan so in s ti-

tu teb Tan awar mo ebs. 2009 wlis T vis ban ki

ki dev 100 mi li o ni do la ris ode no biT

re sur sis mo zid vas geg mavs.

22 oq tom bers bri u sel Si ga mar Tul

do nor Ta kon fe ren ci a ze, ro mel sac msof-

lio ban ki da ev ro ko mi sia mas pin Z lob da,

sa qar T ve los ko mer ci ul ban kebs 850 mi li-

o ni ame ri ku li do la ri ga mo uy ves. sa Wi-

ro e ba Ta Se fa se bis mox se ne ba Si, ro me lic

msof lio ban kis xel m ZR va ne lo biT gan xor-

ci e le bul ma mi si am mo am za da, naT q va mia,

rom sa ban ko seq tor ma ga uZ lo kon f liq tis

pir da pir ze moq me de bas, Tum ca kvlav rCe ba

mok le va di a ni pos t kon f liq tu ri ga mow ve-

ve bi.

sa Wi roe ba Ta Se fa se bis mox se ne ba Si we ria,

rom wam y van ban kebs 2009 wlis T vis sa ga reo

va li 500 mi li o ni ame ri ku li do la ri eq ne-

baT ga da sax de li. an ga riS Si ase ve naT q va-

mia, rom sa ban ko sis te mis re fi nan si re bi sa

da maT mi er aRe bu li sa er T aSo ri so val de-

bu le be bis Ses ru le bis uz run vel sa yo fad,

sa va ra u dod, 700 mi li o ni ame ri ku li do la-

ri iq ne ba sa Wi ro. ban kis war mo mad gen le bi

da eq s per ti maia go naS vi li acxa de ben, rom

ko mer ci u li ban ke bi va le bis da far vas SeZ-

le ben.

ro gor ga da na wil de ba sa ban ko seq to ris-

T vis ga mo yo fi li 850 mi li o ni ame ri ku li

do la ri, amis Se sa xeb arc erov nul banks

da arc sa fi nan so ze dam xed ve lo bis sa a gen-

tos in for ma cia ar aqvs.

Tamuna bubaSvili

w w w . b s j . g e BROSSESTREETJOURNAL

Tbilisi prepares and

preens for 2009.

Buildings are festooned

with lights and artists

get busy. Oh, yes, and

gingerbread lanes are

paved with candy canes.

Preparing For New Year 2009

Temur Bardzimashvili

Photo essay by

Documents

December 2008 Caucasus School of Journalism …December 2008 Caucasus School of Journalism and Media Management Page 5 Village of abandoned children is limited to 78 inhabitants Costs