December 2, 2013

EQ- How was this time period marked by reform?

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Table of Contents- 74. Andrew Jackson and the Trail of Tears

75. Reform Movements

76. Reformer Biography

77. Reform Poster

Andrew Jackson

Reform Movements of the early 1800’s

Temperance (no alcohol)

Abolition (end slavery)

Public Education

Women’s Rights

Temperance

Stress, urban living, poor water conditions, cheap liquor all caused people to start drinking more

Reform movement started to protect women and children (from abuse and poverty)

First wanted people to drink less, then not at all

1835- American Temperance Society

AbolitionMost heated reform movement

Starts to get big again in 1830’s

Tries to end slavery

Three groups-American Colonization Society- freedom then transportation back to Africa

American antislavery Society- led by William Lloyd Garrison- end slavery by any means necessary

Liberty Party- end slavery through legal and political means

Public SchoolUntil 1840’s only wealthy were educated- no public schools, only private

Reformers thought that for democracy to work we needed an educated population

Horace Mann and Henry Barnard- Common School Movement- free public education would create good citizens, unite society, prevent crime and poverty

Their model is used today

Women’s RightsWomen legally and socially inferior- can’t vote or own property

Women were leaders in reform movement but had no rights

Once men got universal right to vote, women started thinking maybe they could too!

Senaca Falls Conference- organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott- meeting of 300 people in NY, drafted the “Declaration of Sentiments”- 11 resolutions for rights for women- 100 men and women signed

Right to vote was #9- Frederick Douglass spoke to encourage people to vote for this

Women’s RightsThe Beginning of Women's Rights.

Seneca Falls

One of the earliest gatherings for women's rights in the United States took place on July 19 and 20, 1848 in Seneca Falls, N.Y.

Seneca FallsSeneca FallsThe meeting was organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott and others and was attended by many famous Americans, including Frederick Douglass.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Elizabeth Cady Stanton lived in Seneca Falls with her husband and children. In 1840, she attended the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. None of the women delegates to the convention were allowed to speak at the meeting. They were

all forced to sit behind a curtain.

“We do not propose to petition the legislature to make our husbands just, generous, and courteous, to seat every man at the head of a cradle, and to clothe every woman in male attire. “

Lucretia Mott

At the convention, she met Lucretia Mott, and they agreed that they must do something to help guarantee women basic civil rights.

Stanton and MottLucretia Mott was a Quaker and was angered at the

brutality and injustices against enslaved people and by the conditions and injustices in women's lives at the time. Mott was an active abolitionist and opened her home to escaped slaves.

Stanton joined Mott and a handful of other women in Seneca Falls. Together they organized the first women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls on July 19 and 20. Stanton drafted a Declaration of Sentiments, which she read at the convention. Modeled on the United States Declaration of Independence, Stanton's declaration proclaimed that men and women are created equal. She proposed, among other things, a then-controversial resolution demanding voting rights for women.

The Seneca Falls ConferenceAt the Seneca Falls

convention, Stanton read the "Declaration of Sentiments" to the assembly. This document was based on the Declaration of Independence, and it argued that women and men should be treated equally.

The Declaration of SentimentsAlthough the

declaration called for a woman's right to vote, women would not be able to vote in the United States until 70 years later in 1920.

Significance of Significance of Seneca FallsSeneca Falls

By awakening women to the injustices under which they

labored , Seneca Falls became the catalyst for future change .

Soon other women's rights conventions were held, and other women would come to

the forefront of the movement for political and social equality.