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1 December 14 th Playlist Live broadcast Kobe Steakhouse Seal Beach, CA

December 14th Playlist - Breakfast With The Beatles structure and intricate harmonies by John ... two violas, two cellos, a double-bass and a harp. The harp is played by Sheila Bromberg,

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December 14th Playlist Live broadcast Kobe Steakhouse Seal Beach, CA

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9AM

The Beatles - If I Fell - A Hard Day’s Night

(Lennon-McCartney) Lead vocal: John and Paul

John Lennon’s stunning ballad “If I Fell” was by far the most complex song he had written to date. It could be considered a progression from “This Boy” with its similar

chord structure and intricate harmonies by John and Paul, recorded – at their request – together on one microphone. Performed live on their world tour throughout the summer of 1964. Completed in 15 takes on February 27, 1964. Flip side of “And I Love Her” in

the U.S. On U.S. album:

A Hard Day’s Night - United Artists LP Something New - Capitol LP

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The Beatles - And I Love Her - A Hard Day’s Night (Lennon-McCartney)

Lead vocal: Paul Written mainly by Paul with the middle eight by John it was released as a single in the U.S. reaching #12. Recorded initially as a heavier, up-tempo number on February 25, 1964, The Beatles attempted two takes and moved on to something else. On February 26 they struggled with the simpler, now acoustic arrangement through 12 more takes and Ringo swapping his drums for congas, ultimately leaving it to be re-made the next day. Finally, on February 27, they had the arrangement to their liking and perfected the

song in two completed takes (takes 20 and 21). On U.S. album:

A Hard Day’s Night - United Artists LP Something New - Capitol LP

The Beatles - She’s Leaving Home - Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts

Club Band (Lennon-McCartney)

Lead vocals: Paul and John Recorded March 17, 1967 in six takes. Written primarily by Paul with lyrical assistance from John, the song is based on a story appearing in the February 27, 1967, edition of the Daily Mail about seventeen-year-old runaway Melanie Coe. Paul begins the story about the girl leaving a note for her parents before slipping out of the house, John

provides the parents’ anguished point of view. When Paul called George Martin to ask if he’d create a string arrangement for the song he was told that Martin had already

committed to a Cilla Black session and Paul would have to wait. Paul then contacted Mike Leander to score the song. Paul had met Leander at the October 11, 1965, Decca Studios session for Marianne Faithfull’s cover of “Yesterday.” The score called for four violins, two violas, two cellos, a double-bass and a harp. The harp is played by Sheila

Bromberg, who became the first woman to play on a Beatles recording. As was the case with “Eleanor Rigby” eleven months earlier, no Beatles played an instrument on “She’s Leaving Home.” Martin made only slight adjustments to Leander’s arrangement when it

was recorded on March 17. An interesting side note…Melanie was a dancer on the

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Ready Steady Go! TV show and met the Fabs Oct. 1963 when she won a mime contest and was awarded prizes by the Beatles!

9.12 Break

The Beatles - You Never Give Me Your Money - Abbey Road

(Lennon-McCartney) Lead vocal: Paul

The famous “Abbey Road” medley begins with Paul’s “You Never Give Me Your Money,” a song which itself consists of three segments. In Barry Miles’ “Many Years From Now,”

McCartney states that the first part of the song was him “directly lambasting Allen Klein’s attitude to us: no money, just funny paper, all promises and it never works out. It’s basically a song about no faith in the person.” The reference to “funny paper” was the numerous bank statements and other official looking documents that claimed they had stocks and bonds or money in various bank accounts, but to the band members it always seemed imaginary; they were rich on paper. The second part is a nostalgic bit about being out of college with money spent, leading to the third section, about an

optimistic escape (“Soon we’ll be away from here. Step on the gas and wipe that tear away”) inspired by Paul and Linda hitting the road to get away from it all. Recording

began on May 6, 1969, at Trident Studios, with Paul on piano and offering a guide vocal marching the group through 36 takes. John playing a distorted guitar part on his

Epiphone Casino, George playing his Telecaster and Ringo on drums. At Abbey Road Studios, Paul recorded his lead vocal on July 1 and added bass guitar on July 11. On

July 15, Paul, John and George recorded backing vocals. It was during this session that the nursery rhyme ending (“One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, all good children go

to heaven”) was recorded. The finishing touch, added August 5, was the crossfade

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(tubular bells, birds, chirping crickets and bubbles) which takes the song into “Sun King”.

The Beatles - Fixing A Hole - Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band

(Lennon-McCartney) Lead vocal: Paul

On February 9, 1967, the Beatles recorded “Fixing A Hole” at Regent Sound Studio on Tottenham Court Road in London. The session was booked at Regent by George Martin

because Abbey Road was unavailable. It marks the first time the Beatles recorded a British EMI session at a studio other than Abbey Road. No longer on the EMI staff,

Martin was free to travel with the Beatles wherever they were recording. But engineer Geoff Emerick and the usual crew of tape operators at Abbey Road were all EMI

employees so they couldn’t go along.

The Beatles - Baby, You’re A Rich Man - Non-LP track

(Lennon-McCartney)

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Lead vocal: John The Beatles’ fifteenth single release for EMI’s Parlophone label.

The Beatles were contractually obligated to deliver four new songs for inclusion in the “Yellow Submarine” animated film project. “Baby, You’re A Rich Man” was the first song recorded especially for that project. Earlier in the year, George Harrison’s initial offering for the “Sgt. Pepper” album, “Only A Northern Song,” had been rejected for that album

and was now being earmarked for use in the “Yellow Submarine” animated film. But with the rush-release of “All You Need Is Love” as a single following the “Our World” world television transmission on June 25, 1967, a B-side was needed. George Martin chose “Baby, You’re A Rich Man,” effectively removing it from consideration for the

“Yellow Submarine” feature film. “Baby, You’re A Rich Man” was, in fact, two separate songs (John’s “One Of The Beautiful People” and Paul’s “Baby, You’re A Rich Man”) that

the composers combined to make into one song. Recording took place at Olympic Studios on May 11, 1967, and the song was completed in 12 takes. It is the first Beatles song to be recorded and mixed for record outside of Abbey Road. Surprisingly, the “All

You Need is Love”/“Baby, You’re A Rich Man” single is the first instance of George Martin being given credit on the record label as producer on a Parlophone Beatles single. Mick Jagger attended the session and may have participated in the backing vocals at the

end of the song. Issued July 7, 1967 in the UK and July 17, 1967 in the U.S. On U.S. album:

Magical Mystery Tour - Capitol LP

George Harrison – Living In The Material World - Living In The Material World ‘73

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Written in the late summer of 1971, it includes references to his friends, “John and Paul, “ and a little drum-fill from “Ritchie,” made the reference complete.

MIC ON - BREAK HERE Ask for a request

The Beatles - Ask Me Why – Please Please Me

(McCartney-Lennon) Lead vocal: John

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Recorded November 26, 1962. First heard by the public on the BBC radio program “Teenagers Turn” on June 11, 1962. It is the b-side of The Beatles’ second single,

“Please Please Me,” released January 11, 1963. Written in early 1962, "Ask Me Why" is principally a John Lennon composition. The song was one of three original songs

performed during the Beatles’ EMI audition at Abbey Road Studios on June 6, 1962. On U.S. albums:

Introducing… The Beatles (Version 2) - Vee-Jay LP The Early Beatles - Capitol LP

The Beatles - Paperback Writer - A Collection Of Beatles Oldies

(Lennon-McCartney) Lead vocal: Paul

The Beatles’ twelfth single release for EMI’s Parlophone label. Recorded on April 13 and 14, 1966. The track is notable for Paul McCartney’s furious bass line. The bass is so prominent in the mix that sound engineers at EMI worried it

could cause the stylus of a record player tone arm (the needle thing on record players) to jump when fans played the 45 RPM single at home. Thankfully, no such calamity

occurred. For this heavy bass sound Paul’s chose to replace his usual Hofner bass with a Rickenbacker 4001S bass. Aside from the dominant bass part, McCartney also provides the lead guitar, with George Harrison working the tambourine. The second and third

verse backing vocal is the French nursery rhyme “Frere Jacques.” Released in America on May 23 and in the UK on June 10. “Paperback Writer” made the second largest ever jump to No. 1 on Billboard's chart. It debuted at number 28 on June 11, 1966, moved to

15 and then to number 1 on June 25. The only single to make a bigger jump was another Beatles song, “Can't Buy Me Love.”

On U.S. album: Hey Jude - Capitol LP (1970)

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The Beatles - She Said She Said - Revolver (Lennon-McCartney)

Lead vocal: John The rhythm track was finished in three takes on June 21, 1966, the final day of

recording for “Revolver.” When the recording session started the song was untitled. The key line came from a real-life incident. On August 24, 1965, during a break in Los

Angeles from their North American Tour, The Beatles rented a house on Mulholland Drive. They played host to notables such as Roger McGuinn and David Crosby of the

Byrds, actors and actresses, and a bevy of beautiful women, “From Playboy, I believe,” Lennon remembered. John, high on acid, found himself in a strange conversation with actor Peter Fonda, who kept coming up to him and whispering, “I know what it’s like to

be dead.” As a child, Fonda had a near-death experience after accidentally shooting himself on the stomach. The song was a last-minute addition to the “Revolver,”

rehearsed and recorded on the final day of sessions when the band discovered they were one song short. McCartney recalls getting into an argument with John and leaving

the studio. He believes this is one of the only Beatle records he didn’t play on. It is assumed George played the bass in McCartney’s absence. John sings the lead vocal and

plays the organ, and John and George double-tracked the backing vocals. On U.S. album:

Revolver - Capitol LP

9.44 Break

I’m Looking Through You How many fingers am I holding up

The Beatles - I’m Looking Through You - Rubber Soul

(Lennon-McCartney) Lead vocal: Paul

Written by Paul after an argument with then-girlfriend, actress Jane Asher. Initially recorded on October 24, 1965, the song was re-recorded from scratch on November 6, but McCartney was still not satisfied. Four days later, on November 10, the group took another stab at it. Paul’s lead vocal was superimposed the next day. The version issued

by Capitol Records has two false starts. On U.S. album:

Rubber Soul - Capitol LP

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The Beatles - Bésame Mucho (Kiss me a lot) written way back in 1940…somewhere in Mexico

John Lennon – It’s So Hard – Imagine ‘71 This was the first song recorded in the “new studio” at Tittenhurst. The song has

a very basic blues backing track.

Ringo – Winter Wonderland – I Wanna Be Santa Clause Felix Bernard/Dick Smith

The Beatles - Lady Madonna - Non-LP Track (Lennon-McCartney)

Lead vocal: Paul The Beatles’ seventeenth single release for EMI’s Parlophone label.

The last original issue Beatles 45 to appear on the Capitol swirl label in the U.S. or on the Parlophone label in the UK. Starting in the summer of 1968, Beatles recordings

would be issued on their own record label, Apple Records. The Beatles did not leave EMI or Capitol, they simply had their own custom label, to which they could sign artists. The

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manufacturing and distribution would remain the same as before. In fact, in America, their releases continued to use Capitol album and single catalog numbering.

The Beatles’ oft-postponed visit to India to study Transcendental Meditation under

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi was fast approaching. They were scheduled to be in India from mid-February until late April. Written entirely by Paul, “Lady Madonna” was the first

song to be recorded in the week-long rush to get a single finished before they left for India. It was completed in two straight-forward sessions on February 3, 1968 with some

overdubs on February 6. The basic rhythm track consisted of only Paul on piano, and Ringo on drums (using brushes instead of sticks), recorded in three takes on the

afternoon of February 3. John and George overdubbed fuzzed guitars played through the same amplifier during that evening’s session. The song was completed on February 6 with the addition of a second McCartney lead vocal, a second piano piece, “See how

they run” backing vocals from Paul, John and George, and in the middle eight, the three Beatles cupping their hands around their mouths to imitate the sound of brass instruments. But Paul decided the song needed real brass instruments, so four

saxophone players were brought in that evening to play on the song.

George Harrison – Art Of Dying - All Things Must Pass ‘70 Originally written after the Beatles last concert in 1966 – George had constantly been searching for a life and meaning outside of the Beatles. The original lyrics of the track include a reference to Brian Epstein being able to keep George with

“you” (meaning the Beatles), instead of the eventual “Sister Mary”.

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A little something for everybody…and each Beatle was represented in that set…something I’m very aware of

while putting these shows together.

BREAK For News HERE

10.12 Break

The Beatles - We Can Work It Out – Past Masters Recorded: 20/29 October 1965

RELEASED AS A CHRISTMAS SINGLE ON DEC. 3RD 1965 AND IT KICKED OFF THE RUBBER SOUL SESSIONS IN OCT. 1965

Yesterday & Today in US / Collection of Oldies in UK Written by Paul as a pleading song to Jane Asher, who had just moved

away from London to join the theatre. It was the first such instance in their relationship, and one that contributed to their eventual breakup

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The Beatles - Day Tripper – Past Masters Recorded: 16 October 1965

Rubber Soul sessions Oct. `65 – Yesterday & Today LP here in the US… The eleventh official EMI release.

The first official double "A" side release Inspired in part by John and George's first experience with acid, "Day Tripper" was written under pressure for use

as a single for the Christmas season. John wrote most of the song, with Paul contributing to each of the verses

QUIZ….

Who’s singing that Beatles song?

Barry Gibb…

There is half the show…do a quiz with 6 songs cut up

Quick quiz which song followed?

The Beatles - Lovely Rita - Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band

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(Lennon-McCartney) Lead vocal: Paul

Paul heard that in America “traffic wardens” were called “meter maids,” which he thought was humorous and decided to see what he could rhyme with it. Written entirely

by Paul McCartney and recorded on February 23, 1967. The basic rhythm track was completed in eight takes. Take 8 was deemed the best and it was mixed down to a

single track and the Beatles added overdubs to create the finished recording. Specifically, Paul’s bass on Feb. 23, Paul’s lead vocal on Feb. 24, John, Paul and

George’s backing vocals on March 7, and George Martin was elected to fill the song’s middle eight with a piano solo, recorded on March 21.

The Beatles - Savoy Truffle - The Beatles

(Harrison) Lead vocal: George

George took his inspiration for his fourth song on the “White Album” from a box of chocolates, specifically a Mackintosh’s Good News double centre chocolate assortment box, said by George to be Eric Clapton’s favorite brand. Most of the candies mentioned

by George in the song came from the specific candies found in the box. Confections such as Creme Tangerine, Montelimart, Ginger Sling, Coffee Dessert and Savoy Truffle

were part of the assortment. Cool Cherry Cream and Coconut Fudge were Harrison creations. When George sings “But you’ll have to have them all pulled out after the Savoy Truffle,” it is a warning to his friend Eric Clapton that he will have to have his

decaying teeth pulled out. After some rehearsal, the backing track was recorded in one take on October 3, 1968, at Trident Studios. With George playing electric piano, Paul on Rickenbacker bass, and Ringo on drums. Harrison’s lead vocal was recorded at Trident

Studios on October 5. Chris Thomas’ score for saxophones (distorted at Harrison’s request) was recorded at Abbey Road on October 11. The final overdubs for “Savoy Truffle” on October 14 were also the last instruments recorded during the “White

Album” sessions: organ, tambourine, bongos, and George playing a lead guitar part on his Fender Telecaster. This is the third of four Harrison songs on the “White Album” that

John Lennon does not appear on.

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John Lennon – Mind Games – Mind Games ‘73

The title track was one of John’s most commercially successful in the two years since “Imagine.” This was the only single issued off the album as well. “Mind Games” had be in gestation for over three years, having started out with the

titles, “Make Love Not War,” and “I Promise.”

Make Love Not War

The Beatles - Because - Abbey Road (Lennon-McCartney)

Lead vocal: John, Paul and George The group recorded 23 takes on August 1, 1969, with George Martin on a Baldwin spinet electric harpsichord matching note with John on his Epiphone Casino electric guitar and Paul on his Rickenbacker bass guitar. For the backing track Ringo kept the beat gently tapping out a beat on the hi-hat. This was for the musician’s headphones and was not recorded on the tape. Take 16 was deemed the best backing track and John, Paul, and George added their lush harmonies to it. On August 4, the three recorded their vocals

two more times, adding to the already thick layers of harmony. Lennon was inspired the write the song when he hear Yoko playing Beethoven’s piano sonata in C Sharp minor, opus 27 number two (aka “The Moonlight Sonata”). He asked her to play the chords backwards and wrote “Because” around that reversed chord sequence. The gorgeous

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three-part harmonies of “Because” are showcased on an a cappella mix of the song on the “Anthology 3” album.

10.42 Break

The Beatles - I Wanna Be Your Man – With The Beatles

(Lennon-McCartney) Lead vocal: Ringo

When Ringo Starr rejected “Little Child,” the song John and Paul had written for him to sing on the band’s second album, they created a similar song, but one that would be

easier for Ringo to sing and more in his vocal range. “I Wanna Be Your Man” would be Ringo’s vocal contribution to the “With The Beatles” LP, and was often performed at Beatles concerts. The day before the song was to be recorded John and Paul were

walking along Charing Cross Road in London when passing in a taxi were Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. Paul McCartney: “They shouted from the taxi and we yelled, ‘Hey,

hey, give us a lift, give us a lift,’ and we bummed a lift off them. So there were the four of us sitting in a taxi and I think Mick said, ‘Hey we’re recording. Got any songs?’ And we said, ‘Aaaah, yes, sure, we got one. How about Ringo’s song? You could do it as a single.’” John and Paul were invited to the Rolling Stones’ rehearsal to audition their

new, but still unfinished song. There Lennon told them, “If you guys really like the main part of the song, we’ll finish it for you right now,” and within minutes, they returned

with the song finished on the spot. The Rolling Stones recorded the song and it became their first big British hit, peaking at number 12. The Beatles recorded their version of “I Wanna Be Your Man” the next day, September 11, 1963. The Hammond organ heard

faintly in the mix is played by George Martin. On U.S. album:

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Meet The Beatles! - Capitol LP

The Beatles - You Can’t Do That - A Hard Day’s Night (Lennon-McCartney)

Lead vocal: John The song was originally intended to be the A-side of the Beatles' sixth UK single, until McCartney came up with “Can't Buy Me Love.” By 1964 Lennon and McCartney were

writing together less frequently, and the quality of “Can't Buy Me Love” spurred Lennon on to write the majority of the “A Hard Day's Night” album. The guitar solo was

performed by Lennon - the first such occurrence on a Beatles release. The song was finished in nine takes, only four of which were complete. It featured George Harrison's first prominent use of his new Rickenbacker 12-string guitar, given to him while in New York for “The Ed Sullivan Show.” “You Can't Do That” was filmed as part of the concert sequence in the “A Hard Day's Night” film, but it didn't make the final cut. The b-side of

“Can’t Buy Me Love” in the UK and U.S. On U.S. album:

The Beatles’ Second Album – Capitol LP

The Beatles - Tomorrow Never Knows - Revolver

(Lennon-McCartney) Lead vocal: John

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The first song recorded for what would become the “Revolver” album. John’s composition was unlike anything The Beatles or anyone else had ever recorded.

Lennon’s vocal is buried under a wall of sound -- an assemblage of repeating tape loops and sound effects – placed on top of a dense one chord song with basic melody driven

by Ringo's thunderous drum pattern. The lyrics were largely taken from “The Psychedelic Experience,” a 1964 book written by Harvard psychologists Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert, which contained an adaptation of the ancient “Tibetan Book of the

Dead.” Each Beatle worked at home on creating strange sounds to add to the mix. Then they were added at different speeds sometime backwards. Paul got “arranging” credit. He had discovered that by removing the erase head on his Grundig reel-to-reel tape

machine, he could saturate a recording with sound.

Paul & Linda McCartney – Dear Boy MONO – Ram ‘71

Although like, Too Many People and 3 Legs, Paul never intended this song to be about John Lennon. But nonetheless, John took it as another insult. According to Paul this was really an autobiographical tune about how thankful he was to have

had Linda in his life.

The Beatles - If I Needed Someone - Rubber Soul

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(Harrison) Lead vocal: George

The fourth original composition by George Harrison to be recorded by The Beatles was heavily inspired by the 12-string guitar sound of The Byrds. The introduction of George Harrison’s “If I Needed Someone” is strikingly similar to the introduction of The Byrds’ “The Bells Of Rhymney.” Harrison commented that the song was “like a million other songs written around the D chord.” The backing track was recorded in one take on October 16, 1965. George’s double-tracked lead vocal and John and Paul’s backing

vocals were added two days later. The song was performed live by The Beatles in late 1965 and was a staple of their 1966 world tour.

On U.S. album: Yesterday and Today - Capitol LP

QUICK MIX QUIZ (Give away FAB 4 XMAS) We play snippets…edits…. seconds of 5 Beatles

songs…you gotta name the 5 songs.

RAIN IT”S ONLY LOVE

YER GONNA LOSE THAT GIRL GETTING BETTER WILD HONEY PIE

Christmas song?

Next week gonna play em all….

The Fab Four - Blue Christmas - (Rev. 1) - HARK!

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The Beatles - Revolution – Single/ Hey Jude / Past Masters Recorded: 9/10/11/12 July 1968

flip of Hey Jude John really wanted this to be the first Apple single but it was tough to beat

out “Hey Jude”…but it still made for one of the best singles in pop music history.

11.12 Break

The Beatles - She Loves You / GERMAN– Past Masters Beatles/

2nd LP

Ringo – Night & Day – Sentimental Journey

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The Beatles - Something - Abbey Road

(Harrison) Lead vocal: George

The Beatles’ twenty-first single release for EMI, and fourth on the Apple Records label.

Although initially crediting Lennon and McCartney as the songwriters, legendary crooner Frank Sinatra called George Harrison’s “Something” “the greatest love song ever

written.” Commonly referred to as George’s first Beatles A-side, some sales chart makers at the time considered the single a “double-A,” as both sides of the record received

significant radio airplay, and charted both “Something” and its flip side (John’s “Come Together”) as one combined chart listing. The song is the first of two CLASSIC songs

George delivered for the “Abbey Road” album, the other being “Here Comes The Sun.” It was a phenomenal one-two punch that had to have Lennon and McCartney wondering

what else Harrison had up his sleeve.

Getting Closer/Spin It On (single – US) (Wings)

June 4th, 1979

Wings – Getting Closer This song had been lying around since 1974 in an unfinished form. This was the first time in five years that a leadoff single from the album was a “rocker.” This may have had to do with why the single didn’t perform as well, as the audience

who had expected some lighter material.

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MIC ON BREAK

SET UP NEXT SONG

The Beatles - In My Life - Rubber Soul

(Lennon-McCartney) Lead vocals: John with Paul

Recorded October 18, 1965 and written primarily by John, who called it his “first real major piece of work.” Of all the Lennon-McCartney collaborations only two songs have really been disputed by John and Paul themselves -- “Eleanor Rigby” and “In My Life.” Both agree that the lyrics are 100% Lennon, but John says Paul helped on the musical bridge, while Paul recalls writing the entire melody on John’s Mellotron. The gorgeous

piano solo is provided by George Martin. To give his solo a harpsichord sound the producer played the piano at half speed and an octave lower so that when played at

regular speed it would be in the correct key for the song. On U.S. album:

Rubber Soul - Capitol LP

ALAN COPELAND - Mission Impossible / Norwegian Wood 7"

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• Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Performance by a Chorus

• Alan Copeland (choir director) for "Mission Impossible/Norwegian Wood Medley" performed by the Alan Copeland Singers

The Beatles - Twist And Shout – Please Please Me (Medley-Russell) Lead vocal: John

The last song recorded during the marathon session on February 11, 1963. Two takes were completed before Lennon’s voice gave out. The released version is the first take.

Originally recorded by The Isley Brothers in May 1962, The Beatles performed it regularly in their live act between 1962 and 1965. Its inclusion in the 1986 film “Ferris

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Bueller’s Day Off” sent the song up the Billboard singles chart 22 years after its initial U.S. release.

On U.S. albums: Introducing… The Beatles - Vee-Jay LP

The Early Beatles - Capitol LP

11.42 Break

The Beatles - Do You Want To Know A Secret – Please Please Me (McCartney-Lennon) Lead vocal: George

Recorded February 11, 1963. Written primarily by John Lennon for George Harrison to sing. The song was given to another Brian Epstein-managed act, Billy J. Kramer with the

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Dakotas, to cover. Their version topped the British charts in late spring 1963. Inspired by "I'm Wishing," a song from Walt Disney’s 1937 animated film “Snow White and the

Seven Dwarfs” that Lennon’s mother used to sing to him when he was a child. On U.S. albums:

Introducing… The Beatles - Vee-Jay LP The Early Beatles - Capitol LP

Say goodbyes HERE

End with XMAS songs from vault….