DECEMBER 018 INFECTION REVENTION · 2018-12-06 · after using the toilet are also important. The virus causing this illness is hard to kill and AHP hydrogen peroxide disinfectants

INFECTION PREVENTIONNEWS & UPDATES

DECEMBER 2018

www.diversey.com© 2018 Diversey 1

FAST FACTS

LocationETHIOPIA

SeverityLOCAL OUTBREAK

TransmissionCONTACT + VECTOR

At least 35 people have been infected with 10 deaths from Yellow Fever infection in Ethiopia between Aug and Oct, prompting vaccination of 31,000 people in the immediate area. Because of a risk of further spread of the disease, the WHO is releasing 1.45 million doses for a massive vaccination campaign for the area with a goal of achieving vaccination coverage of at least 80% of the people in the high risk area.

The virus that causes Yellow Fever is spread by Aedes mosquitoes, and as with Dengue and Zika, efforts to control Yellow Fever center on mosquito control. The symptoms of Yellow Fever are similar to other mosquito-borne diseases, including fever, chills, headache, back pain, body aches, nausea, and fatigue, but can include jaundice (yellowing of skin color), which is how the infection was named. While most people that get Yellow Fever show no symptoms, about 15% of those that show symptoms develop the more severe form of the disease, which includes the jaundice, high fever, bleeding, and eventually shock and organ failure. For those that develop the more severe symptoms, the mortality rate for Yellow Fever is 20-50%.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

If traveling to this country, you should discuss with your doctor whether you should have the Yellow Fever vaccination. Anyone planning to travel to areas of high risk for Yellow Fever will typically be advised to be vaccinated in advance.

YELLOW FEVER

http://www.diversey.com


DECEMBER 2018


FAST FACTS

LocationDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO


TransmissionCONTACT + DROPLET

The second outbreak of Ebola virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was thought to have stopped, but a recent group of new cases has increased the case total from 237 last month to 305 this month, demonstrating that there is still work to be done to stop the epidemic. Of those infected, 154 have died (~50%), which is a high mortality rate, making some question whether all the cases are being identified as Ebola typically has a mortality rate about 25-30%.

The Ebola virus causes an infection that includes hemorrhagic fever and has a high mortality rate. The virus is transmitted via contaminated blood and body fluids. Initial symptoms include: sudden onset fever, intense weakness, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. Following the initial symptoms, the person develops vomiting, diarrhea, rash, reduced kidney and liver function, and in some cases, bleeding.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

It can take up to 21 days for symptoms to start after exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids. People believing they may have become exposed to Ebola virus should seek medical attention immediately if they show the early symptoms listed above, especially if they have travelled to an area with the risk of exposure to the Ebola virus or have been in contact with someone suspected of having Ebola virus infection.

EBOLA INFECTION



DECEMBER 2018


HEPATITIS ACanada is the most recent country to identify an outbreak of Hepatitis A, reporting 15 cases in the last month against a typical prevalence of 3 cases per year. As with the Hepatitis A outbreak in the US, the Canadian outbreak seems to disproportionately affect the homeless and IV drug users.

Hepatitis A is an infection that causes an inflammation of the liver. There are a number of viruses that can cause Hepatitis including Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C, with vaccinations available for Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B. Hepatitis A is passed to other people through contact with infected feces, or if an infected person touches objects after using the toilet and not washing their hands, including contaminating food or drink from contact with contaminated hands, so handwashing and surface disinfection are important interventions to prevent the spread of the virus. It can also be spread by sexual contact. The virus can also be spread through contact with diapers or the stool of an infected child/person. It can take from 15-50 days to develop symptoms once infected.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

Preventing Hepatitis A infections involves vaccination of high risk people, hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, and safe sexual practices. The virus causing this illness is hard to kill and AHP hydrogen peroxide disinfectants are the best option to kill it on environmental surfaces as low level disinfectants have minimal effect on Hepatitis A virus. In countries where disinfectants are often not used when cleaning, this is especially concerning because the virus can survive for periods of time in the environment in feces (most likely days to weeks) which allows for time for them to be transmitted from person to person. A highly effective vaccination is available and people may want to proactively vaccinate themselves to protect against this infection.

FAST FACTS

LocationCANADA


TransmissionCONTACT



DECEMBER 2018


JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS (JE)Indonesia reports an outbreak of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) but has not reported the number of people infected. The Australian government had noted a number of Australians traveling to Indonesia either requiring medical care in Indonesia or upon return to Australia and reported the situation to the government of Indonesia, prompting the disclosure.

Japanese Encephalitis is an illness spread by mosquitoes and is common in SE Asia, especially in rural areas during the monsoon and post-monsoon season from June to August when mosquito populations are at their peak. AES is an illness with similar symptoms, which can be caused by the Japanese Encephalitis virus and other causes, including enteroviruses.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

JE is spread primarily by mosquitoes, so mosquito suppression is an important intervention, but AES is spread both by mosquitoes and other routes, so it is not clear at this point what the right preventative measures are to recommend. JE is spread primarily by mosquito bites, so mosquito suppression programs and taking precautions to prevent mosquito bites are key to preventing JE, which includes wearing long clothing when outdoors, having screens on doors and windows in buildings that are not air conditioned, and the use of mosquito repellant when outdoors. Vaccination is available to prevent JE infections, but in developing countries few people receive the vaccination.

FAST FACTS

LocationINDONESIA





DECEMBER 2018


WEST NILE VIRUS (WNV) Europe is experiencing a significant outbreak of West Nile Virus disease with 1,491 cases and 170 deaths with the bulk of the cases in Southern Europe. In 2017 there were only 200 reported cases of West Nile Virus infection, so this outbreak represents a significant increase in infections for 2018.

West Nile Virus (WNV) is caused by a virus that is similar to Zika, Dengue, and La Crosse Encephalitis and is primarily spread by mosquitoes that feed on dead birds infected with the virus or infected mosquitoes biting birds or other animals. People are not believed to be at risk of becoming infected by handling live or dead birds carrying the virus. WNV is common in the United States and Europe, especially in rural areas during months with high mosquito populations. The disease is characterized by headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness and in severe cases, coma and seizures. There is currently no vaccine or specific treatment for the disease, but it often requires hospitalization, especially for severe cases. People exposed to contaminated blood and body fluids may also become infected by these routes, but this is relatively uncommon.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

WNV is spread primarily by mosquito bites, so mosquito suppression programs and taking precautions to prevent mosquito bites are key to preventing WNV infections, which includes wearing long clothing when outdoors, having screens on doors and windows in buildings that are not air conditioned, and the use of mosquito repellant when outdoors. There is currently no vaccination available to prevent WNV infections, so mosquito suppression is the primary method of preventing transmission and infection.

FAST FACTS

LocationEUROPE

SeverityREGIONAL OUTBREAK




DECEMBER 2018


ADENOVIRUSDozens of children have been infected in New Jersey with 10 deaths as part of an ongoing outbreak of Adenovirus infection that started approximately 4-6 weeks ago.

Adenovirus causes an upper respiratory tract infection, but can be fatal in some people, especially children.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

Preventing Adenovirus infections involves hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, and respiratory hygiene practices. Where infants are involved or if the infected person has diarrhea, hand hygiene after diapering or after using the toilet are also important. The virus causing this illness is hard to kill and AHP hydrogen peroxide disinfectants are the best option to kill it as low level disinfectants have minimal effect on non-enveloped viruses such as Adenovirus.

FAST FACTS

LocationUSA (NEW JERSEY)





DECEMBER 2018


FAST FACTS

LocationNEW ZEALAND



New Zealand is experiencing an outbreak of meningitis serotype W with 24 people infected and 6 deaths in the most recent outbreak and 96 infected so far in 2018. The number of cases has been steadily increasing since 2014.

The current meningococcal vaccination covers serotypes A, C, W, and Y, which are the most common serotypes of the bacterial (Neisseria meningitidis) causing meningococcal disease.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

The best way to prevent meningococcal infections is through vaccination. Facilities should consider advising staff to make sure they are vaccinated if they are at risk of exposure. The symptoms of infection are fever, stiff neck, and headache. Additional symptoms include vomiting, confusion, rash and general muscle pain. As this infection has a ~10% mortality, anyone with these symptoms should be advised to seek medical attention immediately.

MENINGITIS-MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTION



DECEMBER 2018


where vaccination rates are low. Herd immunity typically requires 95%+ of a population to be vaccinated to protect those that are unprotected. In many parts of Israel, the vaccination rate is 50-55%, indicating how high the risk is in these areas.

341 diagnosed cases and the total number of cases believed to be 10 times higher. There are about 15 new cases reported each day and the total number of cases is 20 times higher than in 2017. The outbreak is the worst in areas where Orthodox Jews live because the vaccination rates are the lowest in these communities. The medical community believes that especially in cities such as Jerusalem, they are in the brink of losing control of the outbreak because of the high number of unvaccinated people and the crowding in the city.

Measles is considered one of the most contagious infectious diseases and is a respiratory infection spread by coughing and sneezing with an incubation period of about 10 days (range of 7-18 days). People infected with measles can suffer from side effects including encephalitis, pneumonia, and the infection can be fatal, especially for children. Measles is the leading cause of vaccine preventable death with an estimated 134,200 deaths globally in 2015. Prior to widespread vaccination in 1980, there were ~2.6 million deaths globally each year.

WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

Outbreaks of measles are usually related to a lack of vaccination. It is important that all people receive both doses of the MMR vaccine to ensure a high degree of immunity and any recommended boosters. The best defense is for all staff to be immunized. Facilities should have immunization requirements to protect staff and customers.

The measles outbreak in Europe continues to spread with 489 people infected in the first week of November alone. 323 of the 489 required hospitalization. Most of those infected are children under 9 and ~80% of all those infected in 2018 have not been vaccinated. There have been 15 deaths since the start of the year due to complications from measles infection. Vaccination is the best way to prevent measles infection.

There is now a global increase in measles cases across many countries as vaccination rates drop. The latest country to report an outbreak of measles is Thailand, which reports 1,500+ cases with 13 deaths since Sept 1st. Measles case counts in Thailand have increased from 1,000 cases in 2012 to nearly 3,000 cases in 2017. To date in 2018 Thailand has recorded 2,149 cases with about 350 people infected in the last month alone.

Israel continues to experience a measles outbreak with 874 confirmed cases in Jerusalem alone and 2,040 total cases in Israel in 2018.

Resources are being put into vaccination in those areas of the country

FAST FACTS

LocationTHAILAND, ISRAEL, EUROPE

SeverityMULTI-COUNTRY OUTBREAK

TransmissionCONTACT + DROPLET + AEROSOL

MEASLES VIRUS



DECEMBER 2018


FAST FACTS

LocationUSA



27 states in the US report 252 cases of Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM), fortunately with no deaths so far this year. The disease typically starts with a fever and often with a respiratory infection and results in Acute Flaccid Myelitis 3-10 days later, which is a polio-like symptom that causes paralysis of the limbs over a period of time. Children between 2 -8 have been most of the cases. AFM occurs as a result of certain infections, including non-polio enteroviruses. Several different enteroviruses have been identified including Enterovirus D-68 and A-71. In New York State alone 39 children have been confirmed to have this infection in 2018. Children with asthma are believed to be at higher risk of getting the enterovirus infection that can lead to AFM.

While not polio, infections that result in Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) are often called “polio-like” because the enteroviruses causing the infection are similar to polio and have the potential to cause AFM as a result of the infection. Enteroviruses often cause minor respiratory diseases including Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease. However severe complications are possible including meningitis, encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis, which is a polio-like disease that can cause temporary or permanent paralysis.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

Preventing enterovirus infections hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, and respiratory hygiene practices. The virus causing this illness is hard to kill and AHP disinfectants are the best option to kill it as low level disinfectants have minimal effect on enteroviruses. Because the virus can be present in feces, changing the diaper of a baby with an enterovirus infection should be followed by thorough hand washing.

ACUTE FLACCID MYELITIS - NON-POLIO ENTEROVIRUS



DECEMBER 2018


FAST FACTS

LocationJAPAN



Japan continues to experience a significant increase in cases of Rubella in 2018 with 2,032 people infected thus far in 2018. The outbreak is associated with a lack of vaccination coverage. Mass vaccination is expected to help control the outbreak by the end of the year, but not enough doses of vaccine are currently available, so the Japanese government is working to bring more doses into the country.

Rubella disease is caused by the Rubella virus. Infection can be prevented by vaccination, which is highly effective. As with measles, one of the first symptoms of infection is a red rash typically on the face that spreads to other body parts. 25-50% of people infected will show no symptoms and for many people the infection is mild, but arthritis is a common complication, especially in women. Serious complications include brain infections and bleeding problems. Pregnant women can pass the infection to the fetus, with the potential to cause significant harm to the fetus. Rubella is spread by infected respiratory secretions, such as from coughing and sneezing.

WHAT YOUSHOULD KNOW

Outbreaks of rubella are usually related to a lack of vaccination. It is important that all people receive both doses of the MMR vaccine to ensure a high degree of immunity and any recommended boosters. The best defense is for all staff to be immunized. Facilities should have immunization requirements to protect staff and customers. Contaminated respiratory secretions are potentially infectious and respiratory hygiene, hand hygiene and cleaning and disinfection of contaminated surfaces are all important measures to limit the spread of the virus.

RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES)



DECEMBER 2018


3-5

MILLIO

N

INFLUENZA

people infected globally each year

250,000 – 500,000 deaths

NOR

OVIRUS21 million people infected in the US alone each year with

600-800 deaths.

PERTUSSIS16 million people infected globally each year, 200,000 deaths.

WHOOPING COUGH

MEA

SLES

infected globally each year, 146,000 deaths

20million

DENGUE

people infected globally each year, 12,500 deaths

400million

Across our customers facilities, our comprehensive cleaning, disinfection, and hand hygiene programs provide the solutions and expertise needed to reduce the risk of infection while increasing operational efficiency.

Diversey provides resources to help our customers manage outbreaks including providing education and training for our customers regarding best practices for cleaning, disinfection, and hand hygiene in healthcare and public environments.

AHP® Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfectants• Realistic contact times that kill

pathogens before surfaces dry• Excellent staff safety profile - can

be used without personal protective equipment

• Strong cleaning ability to reduce environmental bioburden

• Excellent sustainability profile to reduce environmental impact

• Available in a range of formats including prewetted disposable wipers

IntelliCare Hand Hygiene Program• Innovative dispenser including

patented hybrid manual/touchless• Full product range and formats from

a single dispenser• Electronic compliance monitoring

program to increase efficiency• Trusted brands, such as Lux, for a

more home-like experience

At Diversey, we reduce the risk of infection to make your facility safer

Our best in class solutions include the following:

Our experts frequently consult with our customers on environmental hygiene practices for facilities in a wide range of industries including healthcare, hospitality, education, offices, and public buildings such as retail stores, shopping malls, and airports. Not all outbreaks are environmentally transmitted, but even for those with minimal environmental routes of transmission, we still help customers with other aspects of prevention to create safer facilities.

www.diversey.com© 2018 Diversey


Documents

DECEMBER 018 INFECTION REVENTION · 2018-12-06 · after using the toilet are also important. The virus causing this illness is hard to kill and AHP hydrogen peroxide disinfectants