DECCAN COLLEGE POST-GRADUATE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE …

DECCAN COLLEGE POST-GRADUATE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE

DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006

M.A. Semester-end Examination – AIHC & Archaeology

Semester I

ARC 101: POLITICAL HISTORY OF INDIA (upto 700 C. E.)

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Time: 11:00 AM to 1:30 PM Maximum marks 60

Note: ALL sections are compulsory Date 14.10.2020

SECTION A

Answer any TWO essay type questions from the following: Marks 30

1. Discuss various approaches of Historiography along with its importance in writings of political

history.

2. What were the kinds of social, political, economic, religious and artistic developments which took

place in the post Mauryan period of ancient India?

3. Discuss the indianization of the foreign invaders and their importance in the political history of

India.

SECTION B

Answer any SIX short notes from the following: Marks 30

1. What is the significance of archaeological sources in reconstructing political history? Cite

examples.

2. Give a brief account of the Kanishka’s military achievements.

3. Sangam age of south India

4. Conquest between the Satvahanas and the Kshatrapas

5. Discuss the importance of the matrimonial alliances between Gupta-Vakatak dynasty and their

impact on the political history of the Deccan.

6. Briefly discuss the political history of Chalukyas of Badami.

7. Discuss briefly the difference between janapadas and mahajanapadas.

8. Did the Indian economy suffer a downfall after the Huna invasion in ancient India? Discuss

briefly?


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester I

ARC 104: PREHISTORY OF SOUTH ASIA

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Time: 2:30 PM to 5:00 PM Maximum marks 60


SECTION A


1. Discuss the Acheulian of Peninsular India with special reference to Hunsgi and

Baichbal Valleys.

2. Reconstruct the palaeo-climatic and Stone Age culture sequence of Soan Valley.

3. Discuss the techno-typological characteristics of Middle Palaeolithic in India.

SECTION B


1. Main characteristics of Pleistocene climate

2. Levallois technique

3. Principal tool types of Upper Palaeolithic Culture

4. Importance of geo-chronology in dating palaeolithic site

5. Importance of site formation in Prehistoric Studies

6. Mode of disposing the dead in Mesolithic Period in India

7. Divisions of Quaternary period

8. Ecological factors responsible for the distribution of Mesolithic sites in India


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester II

ARC 201: RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF INDIA (up to the12th Century CE)

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Note: ALL Sections are compulsory Date 13.10.2020

SECTION A


1. Write a note on the Cult of Sacrifice and its relevance in the Vedic Period.

2. Discuss the development of Buddhism till the Gupta period.

3. Write a short essay on the principles of the Pashupata Cult.

SECTION B


1. Rigvedic Deity Varuna

2. Strikarmani Suktas

3. Four Nobel truths

4. Chaturyama theory of Jainism

5. Cult of Surya

6. Rigvedic deity Soma

7. Ajivikas

8. Narasimha avatara

DECCAN COLLEGE POST-GRADUATE AND RESEARCH

INSTITUTE

DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


SEMESTER II

ARC 202: METHODS IN ARCHAEOLOGY

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SECTION A


1. Describe in detail the development and changing aims of field archaeology in West

Asia.

2. What are different methods of discovering archaeological sites? Discuss various

geophysical methods of finding archaeological sites.

3. Describe in detail the quadrant horizontal method of excavation.

SECTION B


1. Use of satellite imageries and aerial photographs

2. Systematic sampling

3. Contextual approach

4. Synthesis of artefacts and ecofacts

5. Radiocarbon method

6. Stratigraphy

7. Relative dating

8. Dendrochronology


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune- 411 006


Semester II

ARC 203: Protohistory of South Asia

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SECTION A


1. Discuss the socio-political and religious condition at the site of Inamgaon.

2. Discuss Neolithic cultures of Afghanistan.

3. Discuss the cultural sequence of Central India.

SECTION B


1. Ahar Culture

2. Ganeshwar-Jodhpura Culture

3. Neolithic in Vindhyan region

4. Copper Hoard Culture

5. Narhan Culture

6. Burzahome

7. Causes and consequences of Harappan decline

8. Origin and decline of Jorwe culture


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester II

ARC 204: Social and Economic History of India (up to 1200 C.E.)

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SECTION A


1. Write a note on the system of Ashrama.

2. Critically evaluate the position of women in ancient India.

3. Discuss the accepted and unaccepted forms of marriage.

SECTION B


1. The Anuloma form of marriage

2. Items of import and export in the Indo-Roman Trade

3. The Pumsavana Samskara

4. The custom of Niyoga

5. The Buddhist format of education

6. Ancient Indian taxation system

7. The Namakarana Samskara and the caste-wise system of naming a child

8. The Gandharva Vivaha


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester III

ARC 301: ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA

(From 6th

Century B.C.E. to 6th

Century C.E.)

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SECTION A


1. Write a note on the Mauryan Rock-Cut architecture.

2. Discuss the development of the Gupta temple architecture citing suitable examples.

3. Write a short essay on the techniques and themes of Ajanta paintings.

SECTION B


1. Sanchi Mahastupa

2. Types of Stupa

3. Amaravati sculptures

4. Salient features of Gandhara art

5. Bhaja Caves

6. Concept and symbolism of temple

7. Mauryan Pillars

8. Karle Caves


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester II

ARC 302: ANCIENT INDIAN ICONOGRAPHY

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SECTION A


1. Write a note on the origin and antiquity of image worship in India.

2. Discuss the emergence and development of the Buddha images citing suitable examples.

3. Write a short essay on the Samhara murtis of Shiva.

SECTION B


1. Saptamatrika

2. Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara

3. Jain Yakshini Chakreshvari

4. Varaha images

5. Lakulisha images

6. Lajjagauri

7. Hero stones

8. Narsimha images


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester III

ARC 303: Ancient Indian Epigraphy and Palaeography

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SECTION A


1. Discuss the theories concerning the origin of the Brahmi script

2. Write a note on the materials used for writing in ancient India

3. Enumerate the categories of inscriptions with appropriate examples

SECTION B


1. The Shaka Era

2. The Sohgaura Copperplate

3. The Junagadh Inscription of Rudradaman

4. 6th

Major Rock Edict of Ashoka, the Girnar version

5. Strategies of conquests as described in the Allahabad inscription of Samudragupta

6. Religious significance of the Besnagar Pillar inscription of Heliodorus

7. Personality of Pulakeshin II as described in the Aihole Eulogy

8. Decipher the following

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune- 411 006


Semester III

ARC 305: Introduction to World Prehistory

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SECTION A


1. Write an essay on Middle Palaeolithic of Europe.

2. Write about prehistoric sites in west Asia with examples

3. Write an essay on the earliest Stone Industry of Africa.

SECTION B


1. Short note on Dmanisi and Ubediya

2. Early hominins from Africa

3. European Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian culture.

4. Coulpo Culture

5. Narmada fossil from India

6. European Upper Palaeolithic Rock Art

7. Spread of Anatomically Modern Human to Australia

8. Short note on Oldowan cultural evidence at Atapuerca, Spain.


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester III

ARC 306: Environmental Archaeology (Bioarchaeology)

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SECTION A


1. Discuss theories of origins of agriculture and changes brought about by it.

2. What are Taphonomy and Fossilisation? Discuss with suitable examples.

3. What is Environmental Archaeology? State its role with suitable examples.

SECTION B


1. What is pollen analysis?

2. Short note on fauna from Shivaliks

3. Horse remains from megalithic burials

4. Short note on plant remains from Indian Neolithic context

5. Shells as environmental indicators

6. Type of fossils

7. Ageing and sexing of animals

8. Phytoliths and coprolites


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune- 411 006


Semester III

ARC 307: Biological Anthropology ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



SECTION A


1. What do we mean by ‘the genetic basis of human evolution’? Explain this by giving

suitable examples.

2. Discuss the origin of human beings in the light of Australopithecences fossils.

3. What is ‘primate’? Describe its characteristics.

SECTION B


1. Relationship between Homo ergaster, Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis

2. Explain the ‘fallacy of race’.

3. Human skeletal studies from India

4. Neanderthal and its place in phylogenic tree

5. Classification of anthropidea

6. Homologues and Analogues structures

7. Examples of prosimians

8. Contributions of Cuvier, Empedocles and Aristotle


INSTITUTE

DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune- 411 006


Semester III

ARC-308 Advanced Archaeological Theory and Research Methodology

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SECTION A


1. What do you understand by ‘scientific knowledge’?

2. What are the principal aspects of research design formulation?

3. Discuss the various techniques of field data collection.

SECTION B


1. Importance of theory in archaeology

2. Middle Range Theory

3. Importance of research

4. Ethnoarchaeology

5. Structuralism

6. Induction and Deduction

7. Analogy

8. Empiricism


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune- 411 006

M.A. Semester-end Examination –A.I.H.C & Archaeology

Semester III

ARC 310: Harappan Civilization

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SECTION A


1. Evaluate Mehrgarh cultural sequence.

2. Describe Harappan Town Planning.

3. Discuss the Early Harappan Cultures of Gujarat.

SECTION B


1. Amri culture

2. Nal culture

3. Harappan Script

4. Causes of Harappan decline

5. Harappan legacy

6. Jhukar culture

7. Harappan plant subsistence with examples

8. Kot Diji culture


INSTITUTE

DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester III

ARC 311: Introduction to Museology

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SECTION A


1. What is New Museology and its relevance in India?

2. Discuss the role of public relation and visitors facilities in museum development.

3. Write in brief the history of museum movement/development in India.

SECTION B


1. Techniques of documentation in museum

2. ICOM and its role in museum activities

3. Role of multimedia in museum

4. Outreach programmes of museum

5. Role of museum in age of globalization

6. Security measures in a museum including public safety

7. What are the causes for deterioration of metallic objects?

8. How can we safeguard cultural material from fire in museum?


INSTITUTE

DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester III

ARC 312: Cultural Heritage Management ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



SECTION A


1. Define and explain the scope of Heritage Management in India.

2. Write a brief note on the place of heritage in Tourism Sector. Cite examples.

3. What are the various modern impacts on Indian Heritage?

SECTION B


1. Conservation approach of John Ruskin

2. Role of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in heritage management

3. Criteria adopted by UNESCO to protect monuments

4. Role of applied anthropology in cultural heritage management

5. How do we protect tangible and intangible heritage?

6. Present state of conservation of ASI protected monument-Bibi Ka Makbara

7. Restoration approach of Viollet-le-Duc

8. Cultural awareness through education


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester IV

ARC 401: ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF INDIA

(600 C.E. TO 1200 C.E.)

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SECTION A


1. Write a note on the Pallava rock-cut architecture.

2. Discuss the development of the Badami Chalukyan temple architecture at Pattadakal

citing suitable examples.

3. Write a short essay on the Pratihara temples.

SECTION B


1. Monolithic Rathas at Mahabalipuram

2. Maitraka Temples

3. Salient features of Nagara style of temple architecture

4. Modhera Sun Temple

5. Badami Caves

6. Cave 29 (Dhumara Cave), Ellora

7. Ancient Shilpa texts

8. Elephanta Caves


INSTITUTE

DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester IV

ARC 402: Ancient Indian Numismatics

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SECTION A


1. What were the various techniques employed in minting coins in ancient India?

2. Discuss the scope of numismatics studies and its importance in the reconstruction of

socio-cultural and religious history of ancient India.

3. Briefly write on the history of numismatics studies in India and its recent

advancement.

SECTION B


1. Salient features of Chera coins

2. Define term ‘Provenance of coin’ in numismatic studies

3. Salient features of Indo-Parthian coins

4. Role of private coin collectors

5. Depiction of art on Gupta coinage

6. Salient feature of Pandya coinage

7. Early Uninscribed Cast Copper (EUCC) coins

8. What are coin hoards


INSTITUTE

DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester IV

ARC 403: Ethnoarchaeology

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SECTION A


1. Define Ethnoarchaeology and briefly review the ethnoarchaeological studies in

India.

2. Describe Forager/Collector Model with suitable examples for reconstructing

prehistoric societies.

3. How ethnoarchaeological analogies can help in reconstructing early Agro-

Pastoral Chalcolithic communities of India? Cite examples.

SECTION B


1. Ethnoarchaeological researches on shell working

2. Ethnoarchaeological researches amongst the Van Vagris

3. Define salient features of caste and tribe

4. What is Tucson Garbage Project

5. Write note on Veddas of Sri Lanka

6. Ethnoarchaeological studies amongst the fishing communities of Gangetic

Valley

7. Ethnoarchaeological studies carried on Ash mound and its relevance to South

Indian Neolithic

Ethnoarchaeological studies on food processing amongst Chalcolithic cultures


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester IV

ARC-404: EARLY IRON AGE OF INDIA

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SECTION A


1. Discuss in detail about the origin and distribution of the megalithic traditions in India.

2. What are the different theories persisting about the beginning of iron in the Indian

subcontinent? Discuss about the presence of iron the archaeological and literary sources.

3. Critically evaluate the chronology, material culture, distribution and characteristic

features of Painted Grey Ware.

SECTION B


1. Explain the role of iron in the emergence of the second urbanization.

2. Burial practices in Neolithic and Chalcolithic Culture

3. Iron Age in Mesopotamia

4. Living megalithic traditions in India.

5. Mahurjhari

6. Stonehenge

7. Megalithic tradition in South India

8. Brief note on iron smelting techniques of past and present


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester IV

ARC 405: Historical Archaeology of India

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SECTION A


1. Discuss the methodology of historical archaeology.

2. Discuss the probable revolutionary effect of Iron on economy and society of the Gangetic

basin.

3. Evaluate the contributions of the Kushanas with their material culture in the development

of the urbanization during the early historical phase of India

SECTION B


1. Scope of Historical Archaeology.

2. What arguments were raised by A. Ghosh against the probable role of Iron in the

emergence of second urbanisation?

3. Discuss the changes in the terracotta figurine manufacturing technique across the

Early Historic period.

4. Structural findings at Nagarjunakonda.

5. Important ceramic wares of Early Historic India.

6. Religious architecture of the Early Historic Deccan.

7. Items of import during the Indo Roman trade

8. Importance of numismatic sources in the study of Historical Archaeology


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006

M.A. Semester-end Examination – A.I.H.C. & Archaeology

Semester IV

ARC 406: Ancient Technology and Archaeological Chemistry ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



SECTION A


1. Discuss in detail the contribution of fluorine dating methods, its principles, and role in

archaeological studies with examples from overseas and Indian Archaeology.

2. Discuss the role and importance of phosphorous in settlement archaeology.

3. What are the methods by which we can deduce the palaeodiet of ancient human

populations?

SECTION B


1. Role of isotope studies in environmental reconstruction

2. Conservation and preservation of ancient ivory, bone and antlers

3. The role of Mass Spectrometer in Archaeology

4. Geochemical methods of archaeological soils

5. Ceramic technology and provenance studies

6. Naikund

7. Ancient glass technology

8. Zawar


DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune - 411 006


Semester IV

ARC 407: Quantitative Methods and Information Science

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SECTION A


1. What is the quantitative approach in archaeology? How is it different from the

qualitative approach?

2. What is GIS? Discuss various subtypes of GIS and its applications in archaeology.

3. What are multivariate methods? Discuss their importance in archaeology.

SECTION B


1. Types of variables

2. Modelling in archaeology

3. Computer viruses and methods of protection

4. Non-probability sampling techniques

5. Remote sensing in Archaeology

6. Programming languages

7. Importance of sampling in archaeology

8. Measures of variability


INSTITUTE

DEEMED UNIVERSITY

Pune- 411 006


Semester IV

ARC 408: Environmental Archaeology (Geoarchaeology)

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SECTION A


1. Write an essay on the contribution of Earth Sciences in archaeological studies.

2. Write about the importance of ‘Miliolite Formation’ in contexts of Stone Age sites in

coastal Saurashtra, Gujarat State.

3. Give a detailed account of the main developments in geoarchaeological research in

India during the last fifty years.

SECTION B


1. Weathering process

2. Origin of Calcrete

3. Laterite and ferricrete

4. Fluvial depositional features and their importance

5. Geoarchaeology of Thar Desert

6. Fluvial depositional features and their importance

7. Beach dune complex rocks in the west coast of India

8. Process of sediment formation

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DECCAN COLLEGE POST-GRADUATE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE …