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Decarbonising maritime transport
Olaf Merk
26-27 November 2018
ITF workshop Decarbonising Maritime Transport
Paris, France
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https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/decarbonising-maritime-transport.pdf
https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/reducing-shipping-greenhouse-gas-emissions.pdf
https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/decarbonising-maritime-transport-sweden.pdf
Decarbonising maritime transport; recent ITF work
Four possible pathways
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1 000
1 100
1 200
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
CO
2 e
mis
sio
ns (
MTon
nes)
Baseline
Adjusted demand
Ultra-slow operation pathway
Low-carbon technology pathway
Zero-carbon technology pathway
Maximum intervention pathway
Zero-carbon technology pathway
4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1 000
1 100
1 200
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
CO
2 e
mis
sio
ns (
MTon
nes)
Baseline
Adjusted demand
Operational measures
Technical measures
Alternative fuels/energy
Increase in ship size
Focus on alternative fuels, moderate speed reduction, maximum technical
Survey on decarbonising maritime transport
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Government
organisation
36%
Academia or research
institution
22%
Other private sector
14%
Maritime
industry
5%
International
organisation
5%
Industry
association
3%
Energy
sector
3%
Logistics
provider
3%
Non-
govermental
organisation
3% Other
6%
Europe
75%
North America
11%
Asia
5%
South America
6%
Oceania
3%
The respondents
Who is the main agent of transformation?
6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Other
Logistics companies
Port authorities
Shipbuilders
Energy companies
Shippers
Shipping companies
Government and regulators
When will shipping reach full decarbonisation?
7
By 2035 8%
Between 2035 and 2050
21%
Between 2050 and 2075
33%
Between 2050 and 2075
25%
Other 13%
What are the most cost effective instruments?
Scale 0-10 (highest score)
8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Speed reductions
Renewable energy
Alternative fuels
Energy efficiency of ships
Cost Effectiveness
Most cost effective alternative fuels for decarbonisation?
9
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Methanol
Ammonia
Other
Hybrid
Biofuels
Hydrogen
LNG
Ocean shipping
Coastal shipping
Number of responses
• Price
• Lack of regulatory driver or carbon pricing
• Availability alternative fuels
• Uncertain demand
• Supply infrastructure in ports
• Space on board
• Safety regulation
10
Main barriers to adoption of alternative fuels
11
Number of responses
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Electricity
Other
Solar power
Nuclear energy
Wind energy
Ocean shipping
Coastal shipping
Most cost effective renewable energy for decarbonisation?
• Price, costs of shipbuilding
• Lack of incentive/regulation
• Availability alternative fuels
• Uncertain demand
• Maturity of technology and experience
• Safety and aversion to nuclear
12
Main barriers to adoption of renewable energy
The aim of the workshop
• Focus on area with high
potential (alternative fuels)
and instrument that has
not been highlighted much
• Explore possibilities and
challenges
• Input for possible paper
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