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Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner, Nurtution Support, Critical Care Clinic, Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Healthcare; Salt Lake City, Utah Thomas W. White, MD, FACS, CNSC Trauma Surgery/Critical Care, Medical Director Nutrition Support Service, Shock Trauma ICU Attending, Intermountain Medical Center; Clinical Professor of Surgery, University of Utah Surgery Residency Program; Salt Lake City, Utah Objectives: Describe current use of TPN in the trauma population Compare and Contrast the Indications and Potential Complications of TPN in the acutely injured trauma patient Present alternative techniques for nutritional supplementation in the trauma population Fully weigh the risks vs benefits of TPN in the multiply injured patient Describe the difference between enteral and parenteral nutrition Describe the advantages and disadvantages of enteral and parenteral nutrition Discuss common complications of enteral and parenteral nutrition

Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

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Page 1: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not!

Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC

Nurse Practitioner, Nurtution Support, Critical Care Clinic, Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Healthcare;

Salt Lake City, Utah

Thomas W. White, MD, FACS, CNSC

Trauma Surgery/Critical Care, Medical Director Nutrition Support Service, Shock Trauma ICU Attending, Intermountain Medical Center;

Clinical Professor of Surgery, University of Utah Surgery Residency Program; Salt Lake City, Utah

Objectives: • Describe current use of TPN in the trauma population • Compare and Contrast the Indications and Potential Complications of

TPN in the acutely injured trauma patient • Present alternative techniques for nutritional supplementation in the

trauma population • Fully weigh the risks vs benefits of TPN in the multiply injured patient • Describe the difference between enteral and parenteral nutrition • Describe the advantages and disadvantages of enteral and

parenteral nutrition • Discuss common complications of enteral and parenteral nutrition

Page 2: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

Merin Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CNSCNutrition Support Service

Intermountain Medical CenterTPN Use and the Trauma Patient

Is it DEAD???

September 2015

Page 3: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

TPN or Nothing?There is no debate regarding using Enteral Nutrition over TPN.

The question arises as to if (or when) a patient might need TPN – either as sole source of nutrition or supplementally.

The data is conflicting – so we can still only “speculate” on the right answer…

Page 4: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 5: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 6: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

Effects of early supplemental parenteral nutrition on nutrition intakes and clinical outcomes in trauma patients

Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2013 May;25(5):281‐4. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095‐4352.2013.05.011Xiao GZ1, Tang LQ, Duan PK, Qiu XW, Su L.

METHODS: Clinical results of patients receiving or not receiving additional  PN during the first 7 days after injury were retrospectively analyzed, with a total of 195 patients classified into two groups: control group (n=105) and mixed nutrition group (n=90). The time of nutrition support, intakes of protein and energy within 14 days after trauma, and clinical outcomes were compared between two groups.The energy intake was significantly higher in the mixed nutrition group than in the control group in 3, 7, 14 days (3 days: 3981.6±2209.3 kJ vs. 2683.2±1414.9 kJ, 7 days: 5477.5±2008.4 kJ vs. 3619.1±1429.9 kJ, 14 days: 6250.2±2533.2 kJ vs. 5199.9±1972.7 kJ, P<0.05 or P<0.01). In both groups the protein intake was insufficient, and it was significantly lower in the mixed nutrition group than in the control group on day 3 (20.6±18.4 g vs. 26.5±13.8 g, P<0.05).

Basically ‐ fed the TPN group more sugar and less protein.  Not a good idea.

CONCLUSION: Although early supplemental PN within 7 days after injury increases energy intake, PN without a standard protocol does not improve clinical outcomes and may prolong hospital stay time.

Page 7: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

Why give any IV nutrition??

Page 8: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

Traditionally…Lean muscle preservation

Page 9: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

An Integrated Analysis of Glucose, Fat, and Protein Metabolism in Severely Traumatized Patients Studies in the Basal State and the Response to Total Parenteral Nutrition

“Trauma patients are catabolic due to a significantly elevated rate of whole body protein catabolism that is in part compensated for by a minor increase in protein synthesis. 3) The use of TPN in trauma patients results in an increase in plasma glucose oxidation, a decrease in fat oxidation, and as a consequence of the significant increase in protein synthesis, the rate of protein loss is minimized but not eliminated. 4) The metabolic response to blunt trauma in clinical terms is an "all or none" response: the patient with an ISS of 15 is metabolically similar to the patient with ISS = 50”.

JAMES H.F. SHAW, M.D., F.R.A.C.S,* and ROBERT R. WOLFE PH.DtUniversity Department of Surgery, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand,* University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, and Shriners Hospital, Galveston, Texas  Ann. Surg. * January 1989

Page 10: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 11: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 12: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

Take‐Home Message:

The less muscle a patient has to give, the more aggressive we should be in 

preserving it…

Concept of “Reserve”

Page 13: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

What else?What kind of deficiencies would our general population, especially those with chronic illness, have regarding 

micronutrients?Does that matter??

Page 14: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
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Page 19: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 20: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 21: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 22: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 23: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

How do we maximize potential benefits of TPN and also minimize the 

risk?

Page 24: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
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Page 26: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 27: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 28: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

Future Possibilities to better assess a patients 

“reserve”?

Page 29: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 30: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

Future Mainstream Lab Markers??

Page 31: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 32: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
Page 33: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,

In a nutshell (from the literature and personal opinion)

Only use TPN in patients who really need it (but some TRAUMA patients really DO need it)!

Use Indirect Calorimetry to minimize significantly underfeeding or overfeeding

Minimize use of high glucose loads and practice good glycemic control (100‐200 grams CHO or less) ** personal opinion**

Amino Acids (1.3‐2.0 gm/kg/day)

Use balanced lipids (Clinolipid when available, possibly add some Omega 3 supplementally if enteral access) **personal opinion**

MVI and Minerals including b‐vitamins, magnesium, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc (avoid mega‐dosing)

Page 34: Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, … · 2015-09-25 · Debate: TPN is Dead! No it's not! Merin M. Kinikini, DNP, FNP, RD, CSNC Nurse Practitioner,
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