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EPA Registered Bionematicides that are Dead
© 2016 Marrone Bio Innovations -
2
Dead = heat-killed or no viable cells in end product Marrone Bio Innovations Majestene® - 94.46% heat-killed Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 cells and spent fermentation media MBI-304 - 30% Chromobacterium subtsugae and spent fermentation media (no viable cells), DF and WDG formulations, not commercially available as a nematicide. Valent BioSciences Corporation DiTera ® – 90% Myrothecium verucarria strain AARC-0255 fermentation solids and solubles. Non-viable, “killed” microbial composition
Majestene® XC Bionematicide
New bacterial species of Burkholderia (rinojensis strain A396) – Discovered in MBI’s discovery screen; isolated from soil; not
related to pathogenic species – Commercial product contains heat-killed cells, spent
fermentation media and associated compounds – Aqueous formulation – QC for nematode activity
Page 3 Photos courtesy of: Pepper weevil Alton N Sparks, Univ of GA, Boxwood.org; Beet armyworm Clemson Univ. USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Bugwood.org; Western flower thrip Frank Peairs, CO St.
Univ. Bugwood.org; Cabbage Looper RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bugwood.org; Twospotted spider mite Clemson EDU
MAJESTENE® Bionematicide
Registered in the U.S. Residues are exempt from tolerances 4 hour REI, 0 days to harvest NOP compliant, OMRI listed
Page 4 Photos courtesy of: Pepper weevil Alton N Sparks, Univ of GA, Boxwood.org; Beet armyworm Clemson Univ. USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Bugwood.org; Western flower thrip Frank Peairs, CO St.
Univ. Bugwood.org; Cabbage Looper RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bugwood.org; Twospotted spider mite Clemson EDU
Majestene® Reduces Gall Formation and Egg Mass Development
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Inhibition of egg mass development & hatching
• Reduction of # of egg masses per gall • Direct suppression on egg hatching
Reduction of Gall Formation: • Reduces nematode feeding
• Prevents colony establishment • Prevents disruption of plant function
Williamson and Gleason, 2003; modified
Causes direct mortality: • Dose dependent
• Kills free living stages • Prevents colony establishment
Some Labeled Crops and Controlled Nematode Genera
Meloidogyne
Pratylenchus
Criconema
Tylenchorhynchus
Belonolaimus
Helicotylenchus
Rotylenchulus
Heterodera
Radopholus
Haplolaimus
Corn
Cotton
Cucurbits
Tomato/Pepper
Soybean
Strawberry
2ee labels on potato, onion, cane berries, blueberries, carrots, mint, non-bearing fruit and nut trees, turf
Micro-Well Nematode Lethality Study USDA Corvallis, OR
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% a
live
Meloidogyne chitwoodi
72 hrs
Root-knot Nematode Counts vs Majestene Concentration via Drip Irrigation
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
Majestene concentrations (v/v)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Roo
t-kno
t nem
atod
e po
poul
atio
n (n
o/10
0 m
L ro
ot)
y||=||1.68x -0.79 r2 = 0.90
Yield
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
Majestene concentrations (v/v)
15.00
15.50
16.00
16.50
Frui
t wei
ght (
ton/
acre
)
y||=||16.99+0.38ln||x r2 = 0.82
MBI-304 Bionematicide
Page 10
New species of Chromobacterium (subtsugae) isolated from forest soil from Maryland by Dr. Phyllis Martin of the USDA-ARS
C. subtsugae strain PRAA4-1T
– Product is dead bacteria plus associated compounds produced in the cells and spent fermentation media
– DF (WP) and WDG formulations
Photos courtesy of: Lygus Entomart; Beet armyworm Clemson Univ. USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Bugwood.org; Western flower thrip Frank Peairs, CO St. Univ. Bugwood.org; citrus leaf miner Center for Invasive Species Research, UC Riverside; : cabbage Looper RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bugwood.org; twospotted spider mite Clemson EDU
MBI-304 Bionematicide
Page 11
Registered in the U.S. and in Mexico but not commercially available as a nematicide
Residues are exempt from tolerances
4 hour REI, 0 days to harvest Easy on pollinators and
beneficials NOP compliant, OMRI listed
Photos courtesy of: Lygus Entomart; Beet armyworm Clemson Univ. USDA Cooperative Extension Slide Series Bugwood.org; Western flower thrip Frank Peairs, CO St. Univ. Bugwood.org; citrus leaf miner Center for Invasive Species Research, UC Riverside; : cabbage Looper RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bugwood.org; twospotted spider mite Clemson EDU
Product Overview
Page 12
• 2 gal/acre in-furrow spray/drip irrigation at planting or transplanting
• 1 gal/acre re-applications 3-4 weeks later. Make one to two applications during season.
• Apply toward the end of a drip irrigation event. • Specific instructions for overhead irrigation to maintain
a lethal concentration.
Typical Use Recommendation for Fruiting Vegetables and Strawberries:
Product Overview – MBI-304
Page 13
Typical Use Recommendation for Fruiting Vegetables and Strawberries:
Tomato: Meloidogyne incognita
• Majestene through drip. • One or two applications (30 days apart). • Galling index taken at 3 weeks after last application.
Agrisol Consulting, 2015 - Florida
Tomato: Meloidogyne incognita
• Majestene through drip. • One or two applications (30 days apart). • Counts taken at 3 weeks after last application. .
Agrisol Consulting, 2015 - Florida
Strawberry Demo, Plant City, FL
16
Untreated following fumigation
Majestene @ 2GPA following fumigation
Root-knot Nematode Control on Squash – NC 2016
17
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
UTC Melocon@ 3 lb. AB
Majestene@ 1 gal
AB
Majestene@ 2 gal
AB
MBI-304@ 2 lb. A
MBI-304@ 2 lb. AB
MBI-304@ 4 lb. A
MBI-304@ 4 lb. AB
# Nematodes/sample 79DAA
a
cd
a
c
d
b
A= at planting, B=28 days after planting Biological Applied Research, 16-028TBJ
cd
e
Root-knot Nematode Control on Tomatoes – NC 2016
18
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
UTC Melocon@ 3 lb. AB
Majestene@ 1 gal
AB
Majestene@ 2 gal
AB
MBI-304WDG @ 2
lb. A
MBI-304WDG @ 2
lb. AB
MBI-304WDG @ 4
lb. A
MBI-304WDG @ 4
lb. AB
# Nematodes/sample 90DA-A
a
c
b
c c
ab
A= at planting, B=28 days after planting Biological Applied Research, 16-029TBJ
c c
Best Use and Testing Recommendations for Majestene and MBI-304
Majestene MBI-304 Adjuvant Soil adjuvants are under
investigation Soil adjuvants are under investigation
pH sensitivity ? ? Adjust water hardness ? Yes for DF if >1000 ppm Application interval Varies by crop Varies by crop Sensitive to water volume
Yes and more isn’t better. 0.05% v/v or greater concentration
Needs confirmation, likely an important variable
Tank-mix compatible Generally yes Under investigation Rates per acre (drip) 1-2 gallon/acre 2-4 lbs./acre Rates in-furrow 14-28 fl. oz./1000 row-ft. 2-4 oz./1000 row-ft. Rates for overhead chemigation
2.6 – 4 gallon/acre in 0.1” irrigation
TBD
Best Use and Testing Recommendations for Majestene and MBI-304
Majestene MBI-304 Shelf-life 3 years minimum 3 years minimum Timing At plant and in-season At plant and in-season Plant back restrictions None None Rotation No recommendation but
compatible with other nematicides
No recommendation but compatible with other nematicides