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DE-SEGREGATION
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896Separate but equal
Developing Civil Rights MovementWWIIArmed Forces
NAACPThurgood Marshall
Brown v. Board of Education 1954
REACTION TO BROWN
Resistance to School DesegregationKKK Crisis in Little Rock
Bus BoycottRosa ParksMartin Luther King
Sit-ins and “soul force”SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)
FREEDOM RIDERS New Volunteers for Civil Rights Movement Federal Marshals arrive Integration of Ole Miss
James Meredith
Birmingham Kennedy focuses on problems at home
Takes a stand for Civil Rights
Letter from Birmingham Jail
“ Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks to so dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored... But I must confess that I am not afraid of the word "tension." I have earnestly opposed violent tension, but there is a type of constructive, nonviolent tension which is necessary for growth.”
-Martin Luther King Jr.
“I Have a Dream”
March in WashingtonDream of equality
Civil Rights Act 1964Outlawed major forms of discrimination,
including racial segregation
Fighting for Voting Rights Freedom Summer Mississippi Burning New political party in the South
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)Fannie Lou Hamer
Selma Campaign Voting Rights Act of 1965
Gave Federal government authority over state elections
MISSISSIPPI BURNING
Pop Quiz1. Who were the Freedom Riders?2. What did they do?3. What year did their journey take place?4. What was the meaning behind the Civil
Rights Act of 1964?5. What was Freedom Summer?
~*Bonus*~- Summarize the FBI case Mississippi Burning
TYPES OF SEGREGATION
de facto segregationExists by practice and custom
○ Can be harder to fight because requires changing peoples attitudes
de jure segregation Segregation by law
○ Easier because it requires repealing a law not attitude
MALCOLM X
Malcolm X Nation of Islam
BLACK POWER
Ballots or Bullets violence may be necessary
Black PowerStokely Carmichael
Black PanthersHuey Newton
“We shall overcome”
“We Shall Overrun”
1968
April 4, 1968James Earl Ray Assassinated Martin Luther
King
Robert Kennedy’s plea for non violenceLed to worst urban rioting in U.S. HistoryRFK Assassinated
URBAN VIOLENCE
Riots Clashes Bombings
4 LITTLE GIRLS
CIVIL RIGHTS TIMELINE
1948/Truman de-segregates Armed Forces
1954/Brown v. Board of Education 1955/Montgomery Bus Boycott 1957/Little Rock Nine 1960/SNCC sit-ins 1961/Freedom Riders 1963/March on Washington 1964/Civil Rights Act
CIVIL RIGHTS TIMELINE
1964/Freedom Summer 1964/Mississippi Burning 1965/Voting Rights Act 1965/LBJ takes on the KKK 1965/Assassination of Malcolm X 1968/Assassination of MLK
LATINOS AND NATIVE AMERICANS SEEK EQUALITY United Farm Workers
Cesar Chavez believed that farm workers needed to unionize○ Created this association to give strength to the
group through collective bargaining Believed in using non violence (boycotts)
“Brown Power”
AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT Eisenhower: “termination” policy
AssimilationBen Nighthorse Campbell
Johnson: National Council on Indian Opportunity
Reform was to slow…Originally a self-defense group against police
brutality. Eventually branched out to protecting rights
INDIAN RESERVATIONS
WOMEN’S EQUALITY
19th Amendment: 1920, women can vote
Feminism: the belief that women should have economic, political, and social equality with men.
In 1966 28 women including Betty Friedan founded the National Organization for Women (NOW)
In 1969, a journalist and political activist Gloria Steinem joined the feminist movement
She founded the National Women’s Party Caucus
In 1972 she founded and wrote for Ms. (Women’s Magazine)
EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT Men and women would both enjoy the
same rights and protections under the law.
Proposed by Congress; not ratified by the states