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DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
DCC FIR 204Fire Protection Systems
• Chapter 2- Portable Fire Extinguishers
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
PRE-TEST
• Take a few minutes and fill it out now.
• Take it home and correct and/or complete it
• Turn it in next class as homework
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
homework
• Following the standard Fire Science homework design, make a neat chart and list the following:– The following stats for your home, your private
vehicle, your fire station and all the emergency vehicles housed in your fire station.
– Type– Class of fire rated for– Ratings (ex: 2a,20BC)– Last hydrostatic test date for each extinguisher (for
FD rigs only)– And….
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
homework
• For the supplied structural layout, create a plan to properly locate extinguishers in this structure for all three hazard levels:– Light– Medium– High
• You are the building owner and a tight SOB so your goal is to meet the requirements with the fewest number of each type of extinguisher.
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Why Must Firefighters be Knowledgeable in Fire Extinguishers?????
• They use them
• They inspect them
• They may service them
• Pub Ed- they are viewed as the “experts”
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
The purpose of a fire extinguisher
• is to enable a person with minimal training and orientation to extinguish an incipient fire
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
General Rules of Fire Extinguishers for the Public
• Only attempt to extinguish a fire that can be controlled in 10-15 seconds.
• Always notify 911 BEFORE you use an extinguisher.
• Use the proper type extinguisher; ABC is the best type to get
• Always have an escape route planned• Never turn your back on a fire, even if you
think it’s out.
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
WHERE SHOULD THEY INSTALL THEM?
• Locate near exits, so after they grab it, they still have the option to bail out.
• In plain view• High enough kids can’t get the but low enough
that those who would grab them can do so quickly.
• At least 1 per floor• Check it at least monthly• Ensure the entire family knows about them and
when/when not to use them.
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
• The first version of the modern fire extinguisher was invented in the United Kingdom by Captain George Manby in 1816, consisting of a copper vessel of 3 gallons (13.6 liters) of pearl ash (potassium carbonate)solution under compressed air pressure.
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
SODA ACID EXTINGUISHER
• The late 19th century saw the invention of the Soda-Acid extinguisher
• A cylinder contained 1 or 2 gallons of water that had sodium bicarbonate mixed in it.
• Suspended in the cylinder was a phial containing concentrated sulphuric acid.
• Activating the extinguisher by striking a plunger to break the phial, or inverting the extinguisher to release a lead bung from the phial (depending on type), released the acid which mixed with the bicarbonate solution to generate carbon dioxide gas that expelled the water under pressure through a nozzle or short length of hose.
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
DRY CHEMCIALS
• Effective due to their coating ability
• But this can be a detriment in some electronic equipment
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
3 types of dry chemical extinguishers (overview)
• Sodium bicarbonate based
• Potassium based
• Multi purpose dry chemical
REGULAR DRY CHEMCIAL AGENTS
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
POTASSIUM BASED
• Class B&C
• More effective than sodium bicarbonate based
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Inexpensive kitchen fire extinguisher (B-C)
• Take old 1 lb coffee can
• Perforate edge of bottom with can opener.
• Place plastic top on bottom; turn over
• Fill with baking soda
• Put another plastic top on can
• Label the can
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
http://www.armhammer.com/basics/magic/#9
• Download their can label
Thanks to Arm & Hammer
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
In event of fire
• Call 911
• If practical, use “coffee can” fire extinguisher
• Turn can over so bottom is now on top
• Remove plastic top, shake can over fire until extinguished.
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
HALON
• Introduced in 70’s• Stops chemical chain reaction• Originally thought to be totally safe• Then discovered it turns into phosgene gas
when heated to 750*f• Then discovered to harm the ozone layer• Montreal protocol
– Signed 1987– Fully effective 2000
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
HALONTRONSAFE REPLACEMENT FOR
HALON
• 11 lb Halotron I Fire Extinguisher1-A:10-B:C rating
• Halotron I is an ozone-friendly replacement for Halon 1211
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
REALITY CHECK
• Fire Extinguishers can explode when heated!!!!!!
• Fire Extinguishers can fail when not properly secured
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Reality Check
• Using the wrong extinguisher or using the right one the wrong way can be worse than not using one at all!!!!!
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• Are part of a total system– Prevention– Incipient stage fire– 911– Fire Department Response
• Small fire• Remote fire• Overhaul• ***FDNY-Truck Company
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
EXTINGUISHERS INSPECTION
• Overall well being• Is it full?• Any damage
– Tank– Hose– Gage
• Within hydrostatic test date?• Pin and tie in place• Inspection sticker present and up to date• Bracket- workable?• Bottom Line; Is it ready to be used?
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
EXTINGUISHER PLACEMENT
• 1-5.1 Light (low) Hazard: minor amount of Class A combustibles– Offices– Classrooms– Hotel/motel rooms
• This classification anticipates that the majority of contents are either non combustible or arranged so that a fire is not likely to spread
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
EXTINGUISHER PLACEMENT
• 1-5.2Ordinary (moderate) Hazard: Total amounts of Class A&B combustibles/flammables is present in greater amounts that a Light Hazard Area:– Dining areas– Mercantile shops– Allied storage– Light manufacturing– Auto showrooms
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
EXTINGUISHER PLACEMENT
• 1-5.3 Extra (High) Hazard: where total amounts of Class A &B combustibles/flammables is greater than that of a Moderate Hazard.– Woodworking shop– Vehicle repair– Aircraft and boat servicing– Cooking areas– Manufacturing processes such as painting
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
EXTINGUISHER PLACEMENT
• The number of and placement is determined by:– Area of the occupancy– Maximum travel distance to an extinguisher
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
RATINGS
• 1A- 1X1X1 wood crib (1.25 gallons of water)
• 1B=1 square foot of pentane
• C has no ratings
DCC FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
ratings
• The following ratings are capable of extinguishing: what???
• 2A10BC
• 4A20BC