1st November 2016, Washington DC

INTERNATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE

Dr. Edward Saja Sanneh

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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

01st-November, 2016, Washington DC

PRESENTATION OUTLINE World Energy Outlook Sustainable Energy (SE) United Nations SE4ALL Process Access to SE energy services Energy Efficiency Regulation Discussions Conclusions

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WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK

Continuing business as usual will aggravate climate impacts

Consumption will grow as population increases to help those in energy poverty.

Growing reliance on foreign supply of energy presents a threat to economic stability

There are effective competitive energy sources to oil and gas supplies that do not emit CO2 3

ENERGY CHALLENGES Energy is almost as critical as food and water for

survival in modern society

Energy is fundamental to health, education, agriculture, commerce and socio-economic development.

Energy generation, transmission and use is at a crucial point

Thus the need for sustainable energy. 4

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY Energy solutions that simultaneously address socioeconomic developments related to growth, environment and social equity

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economic growth

Economic

Social

Environmental

Poverty alleviation

energy production and use

has impacts

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

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RENEWABLE ENERGIES(RE)

The demand for alternative energy sources is increasing each year due to need for clean sources of energy

Renewable energy systems are ideal for outdoor and/or remote area applications

Renewable energy systems are growing in popularity due to the reliability of stand alone solar or wind power sources.

RE TECHNOLOGIES

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• EnvironmentalEnvironmental Climate change Local pollution

• EconomicEconomic Life-cycle costs Fossil fuel depletion

• SocialSocial Employment generation Reduced drain of local economy Growth in energy demand

REASONS FOR SE

Sustainable Energy

Solar and wind should be recognized critically for they can be used immediately

It can provide direct investment and support business development to Small and Medium size Enterprises

Sustainable energy is a major factor in realizing economic independence for developing countries

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Access to clean and affordable

energy1

Low emission systems 2

Source: UNDP EITT group

11Source : EECA

UNSE4ALL 2014‑2024 Decade of Sustainable Energy for All as declared by the UN General Assembly.

1. Ensure universal access to modern energy services.2. Double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.3. Double the share of renewable energy in the global energy budget.

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UNSE4ALL Affordable renewable energy technologies bring

modern energy services to rural communities where extension of the grid is expensive and impractical

Energy efficiency can save cost, while freeing up power for other more productive uses.

The objectives together will maximize development benefits and help stabilize climate change over the long run.

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• Increasing demand for energy:– Population growth– Rising incomes– Urbanization rates

• The energy crisis:– Most households live in energy poverty– Profit loses as a result of power cuts– Load shedding costs a lot to national GDP– The Bottom Of the Pyramid (BOP) spend a lot of money on

buying Kerosene and candles– Cold storage in hospitals and shops face a lot of challenges

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PRIORITY NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE

Electrification / Extension of electricity supply

Agricultural Development

Rural Health Care center

Education

Drinking water , Water pumping

Telecommunication SourceTaTED

SE FOR THE BOP

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THE GAMBIA SE4ALL PROCESS

• The Gambia joined SE4ALL Initiative in June 2012

• Through NEPAD, the Gambia received funding from the EU BizClim Facility for the development of AA and IP

• Other partners include UNDP and ECREEE

• PARTICIP was contracted by BizClim to help develop the documents

• The preparation of the AA & IP was done through a consultative process

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ACTION AGENDAThe AA is divided in to 3 parts:

Vision: Ensure an overall sector-wide coherence and synergy of accumulated efforts towards the three

goals of SE4All Targets: Energy Access (EA), Renewable Energy (RE) & Energy

Efficiency(EE) programs

- Priority Action Areas: Improved cooking systems, Mechanical power, Electricity

- Coordination and follow ups

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• Provides the approach to operationalizing the AA

• Establishes country priority projects

• IP includes 18 projects at various stages of development• 7 projects classified under Access to Energy• 6 projects classified under Renewable Energy• 5 projects classified under Energy Efficiency

• Targeted investors are both private and public

• Identified projects/proposals need to be developed into bankable documents.

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INVESTMENT PROSPECTUS

ACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY SERVICES

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DOUBLING THE USE OF RE

DOUBLING THE USE OF RE

SMALL & MEDIUM SIZE ENTERPRISES

Awareness and Sensitization on Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency and Climate Change by Mbolo women at a Trade Fair in The Gambia in March 2015.

30 Men and Women from Small and Medium Enterprises were sensitized on the uses and benefits of Renewable Energy.

24Women and Sustainable Development: UNIDO/GEF 4 Project

REGIONAL INTERCONNECTION WAPP

Consist of construction of two Dams and interconnection of member countries.

HYBRID SYSTEM

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27http://www.ecoideaz.com/expert-corner/solar-wind-hybrid-power-units-villages

SE OPPORTUNITIES

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Change from imported oil and carbon dioxide emission will facilitate sustainable development

Transform energy systems for poverty alleviation by meeting the needs of the BOP

Pursuit of distributed solar PV and wind where appropriate can reduce reliance on fossil fuels

Reliance on hydroelectricity for major fraction of growing energy demand will provide sustainability

Solar and wind energy hybrid system will be suitable especially with battery storage for backup

29Soucrce: Fortum

ENRGY EFFICIENCY

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Energy costs money Switch Off - when not in use

–computers–office equipment–lights

Making savings through:–energy bills–the environment

Regional Seminar On Enabling Policies for Financing Energy Efficiency Investments 24th-26th June 2014 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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EFFICIENCY & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainable Energy improves the quality of peoples life through cleaner lighting and cooking methods

SE protects the environment and health by replacing polluting fuels and use of wood

Regional Seminar On Enabling Policies for Financing Energy Efficiency Investments 24th-26th June 2014 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 32

Improved cook stoves will

1. Reduce charcoal consumption

2. Sustainable by using locally available materials and

3. Generates income through the provision of jobs for the manufacturers

EE TARGETS

•Replacement of Incandescent bulbs in households.

•Replacement of Inefficient Streetlight with efficient Streetlight bulbs.

•Improved cooking stoves

•Sensitization on Energy Efficiency.

•Reduce the technical losses to 10%

WAY FORWARD

Sustainable energy systems can meet energy needs of businesses and households,

Promote efficient and effective management of sustainable energy production and use.

Provide sustainable energy enterprises development services

Wind/solar powered technology is appropriate for irrigation projects to positively impact on poverty reduction

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REGULATION

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[A]. Promote the utilisation of renewable forms of energy such as solar, wind and bio-mass;

[B]. Promote the use and develop, to the extent possible, a domestic production capacity for renewable energy fuels and technologies

[C]. Ensure the sustainable supply of renewable energy fuels/device/technologies at competitive prices through private sector participation.

REGULATION Explore sources of sustainable energy

Initiate policy actions that reduce emissions

Improve efficiency

Need to strengthen capacity for different stakeholders on the issues of development- poverty-energy linkages

Sectors should integrated sustainable energy into planning and implementation

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WAY FORWARD

Feed-In- Tariff (FIT)

Standard Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for RE

Independent Power Producers Public Private Partnership

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PROJECTS INITIATED10MW solar project with Huawei company.5 MW solar plant with Touba Energy in rural

Gambia (Farafenni).UNIDO wind turbines 900MW.Solar farms for rural Gambia (Bansang and

Basse).IRENA wind farm for North Bank Region of the

Gambia (Barra).

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PUBLICATIONS Prioritization of climate change adaptation approaches. Mitigation and adaptation

strategies for global change journal http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11027-013-9465-z April 2013

Making basic health care accessible to rural communities, a case study on kiang west district of the Gambia- Published in the Journal of Public Health Nursing (PHN) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/phn.12057/full September 2013

Introduction of a recycling system for sustainable municipal solid waste management: A case study on the Greater Banjul area of the Gambia. Journal of Environment, development and Sustainability, Springer http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-011-9305-9 May 2011

Lighting Rural and peri-urban homes of the Gambia using solar photovoltaic. The open renewable energy journal (TOREJ) http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOREJ/TOREJ-2-99.pdf February 2009

Assessment of Stand-Alone Residential Solar Photovoltaic Application in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Gambia http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jre/2015/640327/abs/ August 2015 41

DRAFT BOOK TO BE PUBLISHED

RETHINKING CLIMATE CHANGE, THE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAIANBLE

DEVELOPMENT

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THANK YOU

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