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MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
DC-HSDPA Seminar for STC
December 8, 2010
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
DC-HSDPA
Describe the motivations for DC-HSDPA
Highlight the impacts / changes in Access Stratum
Examine the impacts on existing deployment
Outline the future 3GPP multi-carrier roadmap
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
References
3GPP Release 8 Specification References
TS 25.211 Physical Channels and mapping of Transport Channels onto
Physical Channels
TS 25.214 Physical Layer procedures
TS 25.306 UE Radio Access Capabilities specification
TS 25.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification
TS 25.433 UTRAN Iub interface Node B Application Part (NBAP)
signalling
TR 25.825 Dual-Cell HSDPA Operation (Withdrawn)
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Outline
• Motivations
• Impacts on Access Stratum
• Impacts on Existing Deployment
• Future Multi-Carrier Roadmap
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
DC-HSDPA allows the use of two adjacent DL carriers for increasing the downlink data rate
More physical layer resources become available with DC-HSDPA
• Up to two transport blocks can be sent without using MIMO
• Peak data rate becomes doubled
What is DC-HSDPA?
Aggregated
Data Pipe
HS-DSCH 2
HS-DSCH 1
Up to 21Mbps with HSPA+ 64QAM
Up to 21Mbps with HSPA+ 64QAM
Up to 42Mbps
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Advantages:
• Higher peak and average single user downlink data rate with 2 DL carriers (Up to 42Mbps)
• Reduced latency due to higher user throughput
• Higher cell capacity due to greater trunking efficiency and effective use of the 2 downlink carriers (increased diversity) in data scheduling
• Increased capacity for bursty applications, e.g. web applications
Motivations for DC-HSDPA
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Trunking Efficiency Gain with DC-HSDPA
• Bursty traffic creates unused TTIs on each carrier which cannot be efficiently used by SC users
• Node B scheduler is able to schedule DC-HSDPA users on these TTIs
• This significantly increase the trunking efficiency and thus provides signficiant capacity gain especially for very bursty applications such as HTTP web browsing
Scheduling on F1
Scheduling on F2
Time
Time
However, these TTIs on different carriers
can be aggregated to serve more bursty traffic
Unused TTIs on each carrier may not be
sufficient to serve more bursty traffic with QoS
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
DC-HSDPA provides capacity gain beyond linear gain
Higher Capacity and Better User Experience
Cap
acity In
cre
ase
User Experience Boost
– Keeping the same average data burst rate (3Mbps), the capacity is increased by +200%
– Keeping the same capacity (10 users/sector), the average data burst rate is doubled
Better User Experience
– Trunking efficiency provides more than 100% capacity gain at low to intermediate loads
+100%
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Outline
• Motivations
• Impacts on Access Stratum
• Impacts on Existing Deployment
• Future Multi-Carrier Roadmap
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
• UE DC-HSDPA Support
• Physical Layer Configuration
• Secondary cell configuration
• DC-HSDPA topology
• HS-SCCHs and HS-DPCCH
• Compatibility with other features
• MAC Layer Configuration
• MAC-ehs and HARQ
• Mobility and Measurement Reporting
• Intra-frequency
• Inter-frequency and Inter-RAT
• NBAP Signaling
Impacts on Access Stratum due to DC-HSDPA
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
UE DC-HSDPA Support
UE indicates its support for multi cell operation in the
RRC Connection Request message
• The presence of the “Multi cell support” IE (RRCConnectionRequest-v860ext-IE) indicates that the UE can support DC-HSDPA
UE indicates its HS-DSCH reception capability in the RRC
Connection Setup Complete message
• Apart from the legacy HS-DSCH categories, the DC-HSDPA UE also reports its support of HS-DSCH category 21 to 24 in the Release 8 physical layer category extension
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Additional HS-DSCH Categories
HS-DSCH Category
Max # of Codes
Min Inter-TTI Interval
Max TB size Supported Modulation
Peak Rate
… … ….
21 15 1 23370QPSK / 16QAM
23.4 Mbps
22 15 1 27952QPSK / 16QAM
28.0 Mbps
23 15 1 35280QPSK /
16QAM / 64QAM
35.3 Mbps
24 15 1 42192QPSK /
16QAM / 64QAM
42.2 Mbps
HS-DSCH category 21-24 support “Dual-Cell Operation”
• MIMO is not supported during Dual-Cell Operation in 3GPP R8
• Cat 21 and 22 do not support 64QAM modulation
• Cat 23 and 24 support 64QAM modulation
• Code rates for Cat 21 and 23 are limited to only 0.823
• Maximum L1 data rate in Release 8 DC-HSDPA is 42Mbps (Category 24)
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Secondary Cell Configuration
• Two downlink carriers defined in RRC signaling messages
• Two “adjacent” downlink carriers – within 5MHz from each other in the same band
• “Downlink Secondary Cell Info FDD” contains the secondary cell configuration
Adjacent Frequency: A frequency whose centre is within 5 MHz of
the centre of the currently used frequency and belongs to the
same frequency band as that of the currently used frequency.
IE Notes
UARFCN downlink 0 – 16383
Primary CPICH info PSC: 0 – 511
DL Scrambling Code DL SC for HS-DSCH and HS-SCCH
(default is same as primary CPICH)
New H-RNTI For the secondary cell
HS-SCCH Channelisation Code Info and Code Number of HS-SCCHs and Code No
Downlink 64QAM configured Use 64QAM format HS-SCCH and
octet aligned TBS table
HS-DSCH TB Size Table (if Not64QAM) Use octet aligned TBS table
Measurement Power Offset (-6 .. 13) in steps of 0.5
With or without 64QAM
Diff HS-SCCH config is OK
Independent MPO
Not necessarily same PSC
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Dual-Cell Topology
• The nominal radio frame timing for CPICH and timing reference are the same on the secondary serving HS-DSCH cell
• UE shall not assume the presence of any common physical channels from the secondary cell other than CPICH
HS-SCCH set 1
HS-DSCH 1
HS-SCCH set 2
HS-DSCH 2
Same Timing
CPICH 2
CPICH 1 + CCCHs
May not have other CCCHs
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
HS-SCCH Configuration for DC-HSDPA
• HS-SCCH Set monitored by the UE
• One set for primary and one set for secondary serving HS-DSCH cell (if active)
• Maximum size is 4 per carrier and up to 6 in total
• HS-DSCH or HS-SCCH Order
• UE can receive either data or network command on each frequency carrier• Data: Up to 1 HS-DSCH per frequency carrier, or
• Network Command: Up to 1 HS-SCCH Order per carrier
HS-SCCH set 1
Up to 4 HS-SCCHs
Up to 4 HS-SCCHs
Up to 6
HS-SCCHs
in total
HS-DSCH 1
HS-SCCH set 2
HS-DSCH 2
HSPA+ Carrier #1
(Non-Serving HS-DSCH Cell)
HS-SCCH Up to 1 HS-SCCH
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Activation and Deactivation of Secondary Cell HS-DSCH Reception
Secondary Cell HS-DSCH Reception is activated if the following conditions are met:
• The UE is in Cell_DCH state
• Valid secondary cell configuration is contained in “Downlink Secondary Cell Info FDD”
• HS-DSCH reception is activated
The UE shall de-activate the Secondary Cell HS-DSCH Reception, clear the stored secondary cell configuration, flush the HARQ buffers and release the HARQ resources (associated to the secondary serving HS-DSCH cell) if any of the following conditions is met:
• The UE leaves the Cell_DCH state
• “Downlink Secondary Cell Info FDD” is empty
• HS-DSCH reception is de-activated
The network can also activate/de-activate the Secondary Cell HS-DSCH Reception using the HS-SCCH orders
• More information to follow in subsequent slide
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
HS-SCCH Format for DC-HSDPA
• HS-SCCH Type 1 is used during Dual Cell Operation
• MIMO (HS-SCCH Type 3) and HS-SCCH-less (HS-SCCH Type 2) are not allowed in conjunction with DC-HSDPA in 3GPP Release 8
• Secondary serving HS-DSCH cell activation / deactivation (1 bit)
• The third order bit (xord,3) is used to activate / deactivate secondary serving HS-DSCH cell
• UE behavior is unspecified if contradictory HS-SCCH orders are received
CCS
(7 bits)
(1110000)
Mod.
(1 bit)
(„0‟)
Part 1
Spec. Info. type
(6 bits)
(„111101‟)
Part 2
UE CRC
(16 bits)
Spec. Info. Bits (7 bits)
Order Type
(3 bits)
(„001‟)
Order
(3 bits - first 2
bits reserved)
Reserved
(1 bit)HS-SCCH Order
xord,3 = xsecondary,1 = „1‟
xord,3 = xsecondary,1 = „0‟
DC-HSDPASC-HSDPA
HS-SCCH set 2
HS-SCCH set 1HS-SCCH set 1
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
HS-DPCCH – ACK/NACK
• HS-DPCCH redesign is needed to support the transmissions of two sets of ACK/NACK for the primary and secondary serving HS-DSCH cells
• ACK/NACK coding scheme is similar to the MIMO one (with10 bits data)
• 10 codewords (c.f. 8 for MIMO) to represent all combinations of ACK, NACK, and “No Transmission” for the two carriers plus 2 codewords for PRE and POST
Codeword
No
HARQ Response Type HARQ Response to the
Serving HS-DSCH Cell
HARQ Response to the Secondary
Serving HS-DSCH Cell
1 Single TB on the Serving HS-
DSCH Cell
ACK
2 NACK
3 Single TB on the Secondary
Serving HS-DSCH Cell
ACK
4 NACK
5
Single TB on each of the
Serving and Secondary Serving
HS-DSCH cells
ACK ACK
6 ACK NACK
7 NACK ACK
8 NACK NACK
9 PRE
10 POST
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
HS-DPCCH - CQI
• HS-DPCCH redesign is needed to support the transmissions of two sets of CQI for the primary and secondary serving HS-DSCH cells
• CQI coding scheme is also similar to the MIMO one (with10 bits data)
• 10 bits are used to carry two individual CQI reports: CQI1 and CQI2
• CQI1 corresponds to the serving HS-DSCH cell and CQI2 corresponds to the secondary serving HS-DSCH cell
• This allows 5 bits CQI for each carrier (allowing CQI values ranging from 0 to 30)
• Legacy 16QAM and 64QAM CQI tables are used as per TS25.214
• Same timing and reporting as per 3GPP Release 7
HS-DSCH
Category
CQI Mapping Table Reference
64QAM
not configured
64QAM
configured
13 C F
14 D G
21 CN/A
22 D
23 C F
24 D G
16QAM CQI Tables
64QAM CQI Tables
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
1.41
1.45
1.60
1.72
1.82
2.96
3.05
3.36
3.58
3.65
5.92
6.11
6.72
7.08
7.21
8.46
8.73
9.60
10.13
10.13
12.15
12.53
13.79
13.98
13.98
18.34
18.92
20.81
21.10
21.10
24.29
25.07
27.57
27.95
27.95
36.69
37.85
41.64
42.19
42.19
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00
Cat 24 TP (Mbps)
Cat 16 TP (Mbps)
Cat 14 TP (Mbps)
Cat 10 TP (Mbps)
Cat 9 TP (Mbps)
Cat 8 TP (Mbps)
Cat 6 TP (Mbps)
Cat 12 TP (Mbps)
1. Max Throughput
3GPP layer 1
2. Max Throughput
UTRAN layer 1
3. Max RLC
Throughput
4. Consider average
10% S-BLER
5. Discount
TCP/IP headers
DC-HSDPA Throughput
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Compatibility with Other Features
• CPC - DTX and DRX
• DC-HSDPA can operate simultaneously with DTX and DRX
• DRX timing and status must be the same for both carriers
• CPC - HS-SCCH-less
• HS-SCCH-less HS-DSCH transmission on the secondary serving HS-DSCH cell is not allowed in conjunction with DC-HSDPA
• MIMO
• DC-HSDPA does not support MIMO in 3GPP Release 8
• Transmit Diversity
• STTD is allowed during dual cell operation but the configuration needs to be the same for both carriers. CLTD, TSTD and MIMO are not allowed in conjunction with DC-HSDPA.
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
MAC
Joint Queue Scheduling
• Simple design for fast implementation
One HARQ Entity per HS-DSCH
• Separate HARQs running on each carrier with no interaction (different than MIMO)
• Retransmissions sent on the same carrier only
One MAC-ehs entity
• RLC is not affected
MAC-ehs
MAC – Control
Associated Uplink Signalling
To MAC-d
Associated Downlink
Signalling
HS-DSCH
HARQ
Reordering Reordering
LCH-ID Demux LCH-ID Demux
Reassembly Reassembly
Associated
Uplink Signalling
Associated Downlink Signalling
HS-DSCH
HARQ
Re-ordering queue distribution
Disassembly
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Mobility – Active Set in DC-HSDPA
• Active Set considers the Serving HS-DSCH cell frequency only
• Secondary serving HS-DSCH cell on supplementary carrier is disregarded in the active set definition
• No increase in ASET size
• Active Set Update and Serving Cell Change triggered by intra-frequency events with reference to the Serving HS-DSCH cell only
• Active Set Update: Event 1a, 1b, 1c on the primary carrier
• Serving Cell Change (SCC): Event 1d, (and potentially 1a, 1c) on the primary carrier
• Enhanced Serving Cell Change (E-SCC) is supported with DC-HSDPA configured
Active Set
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Continuity of DC-HSDPA Upon Serving Cell Change
• DC-HSDPA can continue after Serving Cell Change
• Active Set Update or Reconfiguration message can specify new secondary serving HS-DSCH cell configuration in “Downlink Secondary Cell Info FDD”
• There is flexibility in controlling when to turn on /off the secondary cell HS-DSCH reception
• HS-SCCH orders can be used to de-activate / activate secondary cell HS-DSCH reception
• For example, original serving cell may de-activate DC-HSDPA upon reception of event 1d measurement report, and target serving cell may activate DC-HSDPA after successful serving cell change
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Mobility – Inter-Frequency and Inter-RAT
• Inter-Frequency and Inter-RAT measurement reporting based on the Serving HS-DSCH cell frequency only
• Serving HS-DSCH cell frequency = current frequency = used frequency
• Secondary Serving HS-DSCH cell frequency = non-used frequency
• No impact on the Event 2d / 2f evaluation (triggering/de-triggering Compressed Mode measurements)
• No impact on the Event 3a evaluation (triggering Inter-RAT Handover)
• Compressed Mode measurements and Inter-RAT Handover triggered by
Event 3a: The estimated quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency is below a certain
threshold and the estimated quality of the other system is above a certain threshold.
Event 2d: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold.
Event 2f: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a certain threshold.
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Mobility – Moving from DC-HSDPA to SC-HSDPA
• Activation / De-activation of DC-HSDPA when moving between SC-HSDPA cell and DC-HSDPA cell
• L1: HS-SCCH order
• L3: Active Set Update, Physical Channel / Transport Channel / Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
• Blind / Measurement based DC-HSDPA reconfiguration
• DC-HSDPA reconfiguration can be based on the target serving cell configuration (without UE measurements)
• DC-HSDPA reconfiguration can also be based on UE measurements (if the coverage of the two carriers is different)
• Event 2c: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain threshold
• Event 2e: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is below a certain threshold
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
UE Measurement
• Measurement on Secondary Serving HS-DSCH cell frequency
• “Adjacent frequency index” IE extracted and stored in the variable “Adjacent frequency info” included in CELL_INFO_LIST
• UE may measure the secondary serving HS-DSCH cell frequency without Compressed Mode if the UE has such measurement capability (i.e., indicated in RRC Connection Setup Complete)
New Inter-Frequency Cells
{ CellID: 0
CellID: 1
CellID: 2
CellID: 3
…
CellID: maxCellMeas -1}
Index
CELL_INFO_LIST
Inter-Frequency Cell Info List
{ CellID: 0
CellID: 1
CellID: 2
CellID: 3
…
CellID: maxCellMeas -1
CELL_INFO_LIST
Adjacent Frequency Info
CELL_INFO_LIST
Carrier 1
Carrier 2
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
• DC-HSDPA needs to be signaled in the UMTS RAN and this requires changes to some NBAP and Iur messages:
• AUDIT RESPONSE
• RESOURCE STATUS INDICATION
• RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST / RESPONSE / FAILURE
• RADIO LINK ADDITION REQUEST / RESPONSE / FAILURE
• RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE / READY / REQUEST / RESPONSE
• RADIO LINK PARAMTER UPDATE INDICATION
NBAP Signaling
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Outline
• Motivations
• Impacts on Access Stratum
• Impacts on Existing Deployment
• Future Multi-Carrier Roadmap
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Co-existence with Legacy UEs
• Legacy UEs and DC-HSDPA capable UEs can be mixed on the same carriers
• Separate HS-SCCH sets on the two carriers
• No need to set aside dedicated spectrum for DC-HSDPA
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Effective Use of the Under-Utilized Carrier
• High traffic sector would require one voice carrier and two HSPA+ carriers
• Low traffic sector may not justify deployment of three frequency carriers
• Under-utilized voice carrier capacity can be utilized with DC-HSDPA
• Voice and other real-time applications should be prioritized by network QoS mechanism
• Smaller TBS assigned on F1 if resources are running low
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Outline
• Motivations
• Impacts on Access Stratum
• Impacts on Existing Deployment
• Future Multi-Carrier Roadmap
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
DC-HSDPA and MIMO
• In 3GPP Release 9, DC-HSDPA can be combined with MIMO
• Upto 84Mbps in 10MHz
• Potentially higher spectral efficiency than Release 8 DC-HSDPA
• MIMO beamforming can improve cell-edge users
• Cell-edge users cannot benefit from 64QAM
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Multicarrier Roadmap – 4 DL Carriers
• In 3GPP Release 9, aggregation of up to four DL carriers provides increased capacity due to greater trunking efficiency
• Improved user experience by bundling mutiple carriers
• Up to 84Mbps with 4x carriers (no MIMO)
• Efficient resource utilization by dynamic load balancing
• Load balancing also improves performance for legacy UEs
• DC-HSUPA can provide significant uplink throughput and capacity gain
• Uplink peak rate doubled to 23Mbps in 10MHz
• Greater trunking effciency and better user experiences
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Multicarrier Roadmap – Multi-Band Support
• Aggregation across bands leverages operator’s complete spectrum assets
• Facilitates possiblity of aggregating more than two carriers
• Lower band coverage benefits for all MC UEs
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
DC-HSUPA
• In 3GPP Release 9, DC-HSUPA can provide significant uplink throughput and capacity gain
• Uplink peak rate doubled to 23Mbps in 10MHz
• Greater trunking effciency and better user experiences
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
DC-HSDPA –What Did We Learn?
Why was DC-HSDPA introduced?
What would be the impacts of DC-HSDPA on Access Statum?
What would be the impacts of DC-HSDPA on existing R7 deployment?
How does the future roadmap of multicarrier support look like?
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Exercises
1. What are the improvements of multi-carrier HSDPA?
2. What are the limitations of 3GPP Release 8 DC-HSDPA?
3. How can the network activate / de-activate DC-HSDPA?
4. List the features that are not compatible with DC-HSDPA.
5. What enhancements does 3GPP Release 9 introduce in multi-carrier HSPA?
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Exercises – Answers
1. What are the improvements of multi-carrier HSDPA?
Answer: Higher peak rate, increased capacity and better user experiences
2. What are the limitations of 3GPP Release 8 DC-HSDPA?
Answer: Only two adjacent carriers max (in the same band), 64QAM only
3. How can the network activate / de-activate DC-HSDPA?
Answer: L1: HS-SCCH orders, L3: Active Set Update, Reconfiguration messages, etc.
4. List the features that are not compatible with DC-HSDPA.
Answer: MIMO, CLTD, TSTD, HS-SCCH-less
5. What enhancements does 3GPP Release 9 introduce in multi-carrier HSPA?
Answer: 4 carriers HSDPA (64QAM), DC-HSDPA with MIMO, DC-HSUPA
MAY CONTAIN U.S. EXPORT CONTROLLED INFORMATION
Comments/Notes