Dbms Lab for Cse

1 Pragati Engineering College

DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

(For II CSE by B.S.N.V.RAMANAMURTHY, Asst. Professor, CSE)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering Pragati Engineering College (Affiliated to JNTU Kakinada)

ADB Road, Surampalem 533 437


Index APPENDIX: ................................................................................................................................. 3

Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 4

Outcomes .................................................................................................................................. 5

Experiment 1 ................................................................................................................. 6

Experiment 2 ............................................................................................................... 9

Experiment 3 ............................................................................................................. 12

Experiment 4 .............................................................................................................. 15

Experiment 5 ............................................................................................................. 19

Experiment 6 ............................................................................................................... 22

Experiment 7 ................................................................................................................ 25

Experiment 8 ............................................................................................................... 28

Experiment 9 ............................................................................................................. 31

Experiment 10 .............................................................................................................. 34

Experiment 11 .............................................................................................................. 37

Experiment 12 ............................................................................................................. 40

Experiment 13 ............................................................................................................. 43

Experiment 14 ............................................................................................................. 45

Additional Experiments ........................................................................................................... 48


APPENDIX:

Use the following data for Employee and Department tables.

EMPNO } PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY{ DEPTNO

ENAME

DNAME

JOB LOC

MGR

HIREDATE

SAL

COMM

DEPTNO

EMP TABLE REFERENCING TABLE : DEPT TABLE

Sample data:

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-Dec-80 800 20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-Feb-81 1600 300 30

7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-Feb-81 1250 500 30

7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 2-Apr-81 2975 20

7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-Sep-81 1250 1400 30

7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 1-May-81 2850 30

7782 RAJU MANAGER 7839 9-Jun-81 2450 10

7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-Apr-87 4000 20

7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 8-Sep-81 1500 0 30

7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-May-87 1100 20

7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 3-Dec-81 950 30

7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 3-Dec-81 4000 20

7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-Jan-82 1300 10

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON


Objectives

Student will be able to:

Create and delete database schemas and execute SQL queries

Inserting data, Altering and dropping the tables

Various types of data conversions using the functions

Make Use of PL/SQL Language Components

Make Use of PL/SQL Variables

Handle PL/SQL Reserved Words

Make Use of Identifiers in PL/SQL

Make Use of Anchored Data types

Declare and Initialize Variables

Understand the Scope of a Block, Nested Blocks, and Labels


Outcomes

Upon completion of the lab, the student should be able to:

Map the model into a relational database system

Implement the given schema on a relational DBMS

Design, develop, and maintain Oracle Database Objects

Use a database language for manipulating and querying data.

Develop advanced packages, stored procedures, and triggers and

functions using PL/SQL.


Experiment 1 DATE:

Aim: Creation, altering and dropping of tables and inserting rows into a table (use constraints while

creating tables) examples using SELECT command. Outcomes:

Student should be able to know Creating and deleting of Tables.

Student should be able to Inserting, altering data by using SQL commands. Requirements:

Processor 166 MHz, 256 MB RAM, 3 GB of available disk space.

Mysql /Oracle latest version Recommended Essential Concepts:

SQL DDL, Create Table, INSERT, DELETE commands.

Integrity constraints, Domain constraints, Key constraints, PRAIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY. Syntax for CREATE TABLE: CREATE TABLE <tablename> (<column_name> <data_ type> constraints, …); Syntax for INSERT ROWS:

INSERT INTO <tablename> <Column_names> VALUES (value list); Syntax for ALTER TABLE: ALTER TABLE <tablename> ADD<Column Specification>; ALTER TABLE <tablename> MODIFY<Column_name> <new deatails for the column>; Syntax for DROP TABLE: DROP TABLE <tablename>; Program: Create a database called COMPANY consisting of two tables – EMP & DEPT Insert Rows Into EMP, DEPT tables Alter EMP table. Drop the tables.



Experiment Evaluation:

Program Execution Viva Behavior Total

Faculty signature :


Experiment 2 DATE:

Aim:

Queries (along with sub Queries) using ANY, ALL, IN, EXISTS, NOTEXISTS, UNION, INTERSET, Constraints.

Example: - Select the roll number and name of the student who secured fourth rank in the class.

Outcomes:

Student should have a good understanding of the fundamental DBMS used in computer.

Student should be able to understand various queries and their execution. Requirements:



Basic Structure of SQL Queries.

Select, Where and From Clauses.

Basics of Set Operations- UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT.

Syntax for SELECT: SELECT columnname

FROM tablename 1 WHERE condition;

Syntax for UNION:

SELECT columnname FROM tablename 1

UNION SELECT columnname From tablename2;

Syntax for INTERSECT:


INTERSECT SELECT columnname From tablename2;

Syntax for EXCEPT:


EXPECT SELECT columnname From tablename2;


Program: Write SQL QUERY For the following: 1. List all employee details. 2. List the names of analysts and salesmen. 3. List the details of employees who have joined before 30 Sep 81. 4. List names of employees who are not managers. 5. List the names of employees whose employee numbers are 7369, 7521, 7839. 6. List employees not belonging to department 30, 40, or 10. 7. List employee names for those who have joined between 30 June and 31 Dec 81. 8. List the different designations in the company. 9. List the names of employees who are not eligible for Commission. 10. List the name and designation of the employee who does not report to anybody. 11. List the employees whose names either start or end with “S”. 12. List the names of employees whose names have “i” as the second character. 13. List out employees holding a job equivalent to the job of the lowest paid from deptno = 20. 14. List out name, Job, empno of employees who are Salesmen or deptno = 30. 15. List out name, Job, empno of employees who are Salesmen or deptno = 30. 16. Display the details of those who draw the same salary.




Faculty Signature:


Experiment 3 DATE:

Aim: Queries using Aggregate functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX and MIN), GROUP BY, HAVING and Creation and dropping of Views.

Outcomes:


Student should be able to understand various queries and their execution. Requirements:



Basics of Aggregate functions, GROUP BY and HAVING Clause.

Basics of Nested Queries.

Basic structure of views. Syntax :

SELECT columnname, columnname FROM tablename GROUP BY columnname; SELECT columnname, columnname FROM tablename GROUP BY columnname HAVING search condition;

Syntax for CREATE VIEW :

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW viewname AS SELECT columnname, columnname FROM tablename WHERE columnname=expression_list;

Syntax for DROP VIEW : DROP VIEW VIEWNAME;

Program: Write SQL QUERY For the following: 1. List the number of employees working with the company. 2. List the number of designations available in the EMP table. 3. List the number total salaries paid to the employees. 4. List the maximum, minimum and average salary in the company. 5. List the maximum salary paid to a salesman. 6. List employees from departments having an employee count less than 5. 7. List the department numbers having the employee count above 5. 8. Display total salary spent for each job category. 9. Create a view from EMP whose employees belonging to department 30, 40. 10. Create a view from single table containing all columns from the base table. 11. Create a view from two tables with all columns. 12. DROP the view.





Faculty Signature:


Experiment 4 DATE:

Aim:

Queries using Conversion functions (to_char, to_number and to_date), string functions (Concatenation, lpad, rpad, ltrim, rtrim, lower, upper, initcap, length, substr and instr), date functions (Sysdate, next_day, add_months, last_day, months_between, least, greatest, trunc, round, to_char, to_date)

Outcomes:


Student should learn various queries and their execution.

Student should learn several conversions using the functions. Requirements:



Elements of data format model.

Basics of Implicit and explicit data conversions.

Performing Arithmetic with date. Syntax: LPAD (columnname, value, ‘string’) RPAD (columnname, value, ‘string’) ADD_MONTHS (date, n) NEXT_DAY (DATE,’CHAR’) LAST_DAY (DATE) LTRIM(trim_character from trim_source) RTRIM(trim_character from trim_source)


Program: Write SQL QUERY For the following: 1. List the employees having 3rd character as ‘T’ in their names. 2. List the employees having character ‘A’ in their names. 3. List out all the orders for which the shipment date is minimum 3 months of order date. 4. List the employee name, sal rounded of the nearest rupee. 5. List the employee name, sal truncate of the nearest rupee. 6. List the employees who are hired in the 3rd quarter of the year. 7. List the employees hires with in a year. 8. Display the names, hire date of all the employees who joined on May 24, 1999. 9. Display all employee names in small letters and corresponding Designations in uppercase

letters. 10. Display the names and Hire date of all employees who were born in January. 11. Calculate the experience in years of each employee and display along with name in

descending order. 12. What is the length of the shortest name in EMP table. 13. Display the names of the employees whose name contains up to 5 characters. 14. List the employees names who will celebrate their birthdays during current month. 15. List the employees names started with capital letter. 16. List the employee number, hire date, number of months employed, six-months review date,

first Friday after hire date, last day of the month when hired for all employees employed for fewer than 36 months.

17. Display employee name, sal ,Format salary should be 15 from starting. 18. Display employee name, sal, Format salary should be 15 from starting.





Faculty Signature:


Experiment 5 DATE:

Aim: i) Creation of simple PL/SQL program which includes declaration section, executable section and exception –Handling section (Ex. Student marks can be selected from the table and printed for those who secured first class and an exception can be raised if no records were found) ii) Insert data into student table and use COMMIT, ROLLBACK and SAVEPOINT in PL/SQL block.

Outcomes:

.

Student should able to know manage the changes made by the DML statements.

Student should able to learn how to control transactions with the COMMIT,ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT.

Requirements:



Basic structure of PL/SQL Block.

Cocepts of Transaction control – COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT. Structure of PL/SQL Block: DECLARE Declarations of memory variables used later BEGIN SQL executable statements for manipulating table data EXCEPTIONS SQL and/or PL.SQL code to handle errors END; COMMIT Save changes (transactional). Syntax:

COMMIT [WORK] [COMMENT 'comment_text'] COMMIT [WORK] [FORCE 'force_text' [,int] ] ROLLBACK Undo work done (transactional). Syntax:

ROLLBACK [WORK] [TO [SAVEPOINT]'savepoint_text_identifier']; ROLLBACK [WORK] [FORCE 'force_text'];

FORCE - will manually rollback an in-doubt distributed transaction

SAVEPOINT Save changes to a point (transactional). Syntax: SAVEPOINT text_identifier


Program: Write PL/SQL program to student marks can be selected from the table and printed for those who secured first class and an exception can be raised if no records were found. Insert data into student table and use COMMIT, ROLLBACK and SAVEPOINT in PL/SQL block.




Faculty Signature:


Experiment 6 DATE:

Aim: Develop a program that includes the features NESTED IF, CASE and CASE expression. The program can be extended using the NULLIF and COALESCE functions. Outcomes:


Student should be able to learn scope of a block. Requirements:




Basics of PL/SQL conditional control statements. Syntax for NULLIF: NULLIF (expr1,expr2); In this syntax: expr1: is the source value compared to expr2 expr2: is the source value compared with expr1 (If it not equal to expr1, expr1 is returned) Syntax for COALECE: COALESCE (expr1, expr2, ……., exprn); In this syntax: expr1: return this expression if it is not null expr2 : return this expression if first expression is null and this expression is not null exprn: return this expression if the preceding expressions are null. Syntax for CASE expression: CASE expr WHEN comparison_expr1 then return expr1 WHEN comparison_expr2 then return expr2 WHEN comparison_exprn then return exprn ELSE else_expr END Syntax for NESTED IF-ELSE: IF <condition> THEN <Action> ELSEIF<condition> <Action> ELSE <Action> ENDIF;


Program:

1. write a PL/SQL block for inserting rows into EMPDET table with the following Calculations: HRA=50% OF BASIC DA=20% OF BASIC PF=7% OF BASIC NETPAY=BASIC+DA+HRA-PF

2. write a PL/SQL block to check whether given number is Armstrong or not. 3. write a PL/SQL block to check whether a given number is Even or Odd.




Faculty Signature:


Experiment 7 DATE:

Aim: Program development using WHILE LOOPS, numeric FOR LOOPS, nested loops using ERROR Handling, BUILT –IN Exceptions, USE defined Exceptions, RAISE- APPLICATION ERROR.

Outcomes:


Student should learn about PL/SQL block. Requirements:




Basics of PL/SQL Loops- simple loop, while loop, For loop.

Syntax for WHILE LOOP: WHILE<condition> LOOP <action> ENDLOOP; Syntax for For Loop : FOR variable IN[REVERSE] start –end LOOP <Action> ENDLOOP;


Program: 1. Write a PL/SQL block to find Sum of Digits of a given Number. 2. Write a PL/SQL block to Generate Fibonacci Series.

3. Write a PL/SQL block features to be covered nested loops using ERROR Handling, BUILT –IN Exceptions, USE defined Exceptions, RAISE- APPLICATIONERROR.




Faculty Signature:


Experiment 8 DATE:

Aim: Programs development using creation of procedures, passing parameters IN and OUT of PROCEDURES. Outcomes:


Student should able to know about PL/SQL programs. Requirements:



Basic data types of PL/SQL.

Basics of SQL Queries.

Basics of PL/SQL Loops- simple loop, while loop, For loop.

Syntax for procedures:

CREATE OF REPLACE PROCEDURE procedurename ( argument , IN, OUT, IN , OUT - datatype,….) , IS | AS - [local declarations ]; BEGIN PL/SQL subprogram body; [EXCEPTION Exception PL/SQL block; ] END;

Program: 1. Programs development using creation of procedures, passing parameters IN and OUT of PROCEDURES.





Faculty Signature:


Experiment 9 DATE:

Aim:

Program development using creation of stored functions, invoke functions in SQL Statements and write complex functions.

Outcomes:


Student should able to know about stored and complex functions. Requirements:



Basic data types of PL/SQL.

Basics of SQL Queries.

Basics of Creating local and stored functions and RETURN clause.

Basics of Parameter modes, constraints on formal parameters.

Syntax for functions :

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION function_name *(argument INdata type, …….)+ RETURN datatype { IS | AS}

[Local declarations/Calculation/etc.,] BEGIN PL/SQL sub program body; [EXCEPTION Exception handlers] END [name];

BEGIN

----PL/SQL code to call function [EXCEPTION ----calling program exception handler ] END;


Program: 1. Program development using creation of stored functions, invoke functions in SQL

Statements and write complex functions.




Faculty Signature:


Experiment 10 DATE:

Aim:

Program development using creation of package specification, package bodies, private objects, package variables and cursors and calling stored packages.

Outcomes:


Student should be able to know about packages and cursors. Requirements:



Create a Package by Groups of procedures, functions, variables, constants, cursors, exceptons and SQL statements.

Basics of SQL Queries. Syntax for package specifications: CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE package_name AS FUNCTION function_name (list of arguments ) RETURN data type; PROCEDURE procedure_name ( list of arguments); END package_name; Syntax for package body : CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY package_name AS FUNCTION function _name (list of arugments) RETURN data type {IS|AS} [local declaration of function ] BEGIN ------ code of function [EXCEPTION ------exception handler of function ] END function_name;

PROCEDURE procedure_name (list of arguments) { IS | AS} [Local declarations/Calculation/etc.,] BEGIN -----code of procedure [EXCEPTION Exception handlers] END procedure_name; * ……… similarly other functions and procedures+

END package_name;


Program: Write a program using creation of package specification, package bodies, private objects, package variables and cursors and calling stored packages.




Faculty Signature:


Experiment 11 DATE:

Aim:

Develop programs using features parameters in a CURSOR, FOR UPDATE CURSOR, WHERE CURRENT of clause and CURSOR variables.

Outcomes:


Student should be able to know about cursors. Requirements:



Basic Cursor definition and Usage.

Properties and working of Cursors.

Opening and closing the Cursors.

Cursor attributes. Syntax for declaration of a cursor :

CURSOR <cursor-name> [parameter_list] [RETURN return_type] IS query [FOR UPDATE [OF (column_list)][NOWAIT]];

Syntax for opening a cursor :

OPEN <cursor-name>; Syntax to Fetch the records from the cursor:

Fetch cursorname into variable1,variable2,…..

Syntax for parameterized declaration of a cursor :

CURSOR cursor_name ( variable_name datatype) IS <SELECT statement…>


Program:

1. Create a Cursor to find employee with given job and deptno. 2. Develop programs using features parameters in a CURSOR, FOR UPDATE CURSOR,

WHERE CURRENT of clause and CURSOR variables.




Faculty Signature:


Experiment 12 DATE:

Aim:

Develop Programs using BEFORE and AFTER Triggers, Row and Statement Triggers and INSTEAD OF Triggers.

Outcomes:


Student should be able to know about triggers. Requirements:



Trigger Definition

Types of Triggers. Syntax for Trigger: CREATE [OR REPLACE] TRIGGER trigger_name {BEFORE | AFTER } ,|DELETE |*OR+ INSERT |*OR+ UPDATE | *OF column_name,……..+ ON table_name [REFERENCING { OLD AS old, NEW AS new }] [FOR EACH ROW [WHEN condition ] DECLARE Variable declaration; Constant declaration; BEGIN PL/SQL subprogram body; [EXCEPTION Exception PL/SQL block; ] END; Program:

1. Create a TRIGGER to ensure that DEPT TABLE does not contain duplicate of null values in DEPTNO column.

2. Develop Programs using BEFORE and AFTER Triggers, Row and Statement Triggers and INSTEAD OF Triggers.





Faculty Signature:


Experiment 13 DATE:

Aim:

TO design REPORTS using oracle developer. Outcomes:


Student should be able to know about reports. Requirements:



Properties of reports

Procedure to create report.

Types of reports. Program:

Design reports using oracle developer.




Faculty Signature:


Experiment 14 DATE:

Aim:

Provide security using GRANT and REVOKE commands. Outcomes:


Student should be able to know about reports. Requirements:



Procedure to give privileges.

Creating users. Syntax for GRANT: Grant System-wide Privs:

GRANT system_priv(s) TO grantee [IDENTIFIED BY password] [WITH ADMIN OPTION] GRANT role TO grantee [IDENTIFIED BY password] [WITH ADMIN OPTION] GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES TO grantee [IDENTIFIED BY password] [WITH ADMIN OPTION] Grant privs on specific objects: GRANT object_priv [(column, column,...)] ON [schema.]object TO grantee [WITH GRANT OPTION] [WITH HIERARCHY OPTION] GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES [(column, column,...)] ON [schema.]object TO grantee [WITH GRANT OPTION] [WITH HIERARCHY OPTION] GRANT object_priv [(column, column,...)] ON DIRECTORY directory_name TO grantee [WITH GRANT OPTION] [WITH HIERARCHY OPTION] GRANT object_priv [(column, column,...)] ON JAVA [RE]SOURCE [schema.]object TO grantee [WITH GRANT OPTION] [WITH HIERARCHY OPTION]


Syntax for REVOKE: REVOKE role FROM {user, | role, |PUBLIC} Program:

Assign several objects privileges in a single GRANT statement. Revoke privileges from users or roles




Faculty Signature:


Additional Experiments

1. Design a database for Library Management System.

2. Design a database for e-learning system.

3. Design a database for search engine.

4. Create a trigger to delete all the employee records of a department when it is deleted.

5. Generate the reports to Library Management System.

Documents

Dbms Lab for Cse