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Quality of Hydropower
1
Quality of Hydropower
Otto Pirker / Austria
chairman WG Hydro / eurelectric
Quality of Hydropower
2
Water is more than just a natural resource – it is the basis and the energy of life
Using the potential of water in a sustainable way is a key challange in the future
Water is not always at the right time at the right place available
Electricity generation is not always at the right place at the right time
Quality of Hydropower
3
Quality of Hydropower
4
European Transmission System (UCTE)
Quality of Hydropower
5
Quality of Hydropower
6
Example of the failure of a 1.330 MW power plant;
Impact on the frequency
Quality of Hydropower
7
Quality of Hydropower
8Balance Energy
t0 t0+30s t0+15min
t
Primary
frequency control
Secondary
frequency control
Tertiary
frequency control
Load & Frequency Control
Quality of Hydropower
9
EU-27 Generation Capacity 2006 (774 GW)
EU-27 Electricity Production 2006 (3 183 TWh)
Hydropower in Europe
Generationmix in the European Union (EU-27) 2006
Total net Electricity Production (EU 27) 3.183 TWh
Hydropower Generation 2006 337 TWh
Max Net. Generating Capacity (EU 27) 774.185 MW
Bottleneck Capacity Hydropower 140.321 MW
Quality of Hydropower
10
In addition to all other renewable options, hydropower has a very special quality
Hydropower is more than
Electricity generation!
Quality of Hydropower
11
Different types of HPP and functions
Run-of-river Hydro Power plants (HPP with no significant regulation reservoir)
- Base Load Generation – with special equippement – Primary Voltage Control
Pondage Hydro Power Plants (run-of-river power station with small reservoir
along the river which permit delaying the production of electricity for a few hours)
- Base and Peak Load Generation - – with special equippement – Primary Voltage Control
Quality of Hydropower
12
Quality of Hydropower
Different Types of HPP / Run-Of-River HPP (Danube river / Austria)
Quality of Hydropower
13
Quality of Hydropower
Different Types of HPP / Operation of Run-Of-River HPP (Danube river / Austria)
Runoff – Danube –
Greifenstein HPP
Capacity – all Danube HPP in Austria
Hydrological forecast!
Quality of Hydropower
14
Quality of Hydropower
Different Types of HPP / Pondage HPP (Drau river / Austria)
Quality of Hydropower
15
Quality of Hydropower
Different Types of HPP / Operation of Pondage HPP (Drau river / Austria)
Wirkleistung FM und Summenleistung Drau
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
06.0
5.20
05 0
9:00
:00
06.0
5.20
05 1
2:00
:00
06.0
5.20
05 1
5:00
:00
06.0
5.20
05 1
8:00
:00
06.0
5.20
05 2
1:00
:00
07.0
5.20
05 0
0:00
:00
07.0
5.20
05 0
3:00
:00
07.0
5.20
05 0
6:00
:00
07.0
5.20
05 0
9:00
:00
07.0
5.20
05 1
2:00
:00
07.0
5.20
05 1
5:00
:00
07.0
5.20
05 1
8:00
:00
07.0
5.20
05 2
1:00
:00
08.0
5.20
05 0
0:00
:00
08.0
5.20
05 0
3:00
:00
08.0
5.20
05 0
6:00
:00
08.0
5.20
05 0
9:00
:00
08.0
5.20
05 1
2:00
:00
08.0
5.20
05 1
5:00
:00
08.0
5.20
05 1
8:00
:00
08.0
5.20
05 2
1:00
:00
09.0
5.20
05 0
0:00
:00
09.0
5.20
05 0
3:00
:00
09.0
5.20
05 0
6:00
:00
09.0
5.20
05 0
9:00
:00
09.0
5.20
05 1
2:00
:00
09.0
5.20
05 1
5:00
:00
09.0
5.20
05 1
8:00
:00
09.0
5.20
05 2
1:00
:00
10.0
5.20
05 0
0:00
:00
10.0
5.20
05 0
3:00
:00
10.0
5.20
05 0
6:00
:00
10.0
5.20
05 0
9:00
:00
10.0
5.20
05 1
2:00
:00
10.0
5.20
05 1
5:00
:00
10.0
5.20
05 1
8:00
:00
10.0
5.20
05 2
1:00
:00
MW
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
DRS DFL DFM DAN Summe Drau Summe Drau
Quality of Hydropower
16
Different types of HPP and functions
Storage Power Plants (HPP with a significant regulation reservoir)
Daily storage Peak Load & power and frequency control
Weekly storage Peak Load & power and frequency control
Seasonal storage Peak Load & power and frequency control & reserve capacity
Annual storage Peak Load & power and frequency control & reserve capacity
Storage of more than one year Peak Load & power and frequency control & reserve capacity
Pumpe Storage Power Plants
(Storage HPP with reservoir, the reservoir can be filled exclusivly or partially
with the use of pumps)
Peak Load generation
supply of pump storage capacity
supply of power and frequency control in turbine and pump mode
reserve capacity
Quality of Hydropower
17
Quality of Hydropower
Different Types of HPP / Storage HPP (Malta HP Development / A)
Max. Capacity 730 MW & 290 MW (turbine)
120 MW & 116 MW (pump)
Quality of Hydropower
18
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
14.1
1.2
006 1
2:0
0
15.1
1.2
006 0
0:0
0
15.1
1.2
006 1
2:0
0
16.1
1.2
006 0
0:0
0
16.1
1.2
006 1
2:0
0
17.1
1.2
006 0
0:0
0
17.1
1.2
006 1
2:0
0
18.1
1.2
006 0
0:0
0
18.1
1.2
006 1
2:0
0
19.1
1.2
006 0
0:0
0
19.1
1.2
006 1
2:0
0
20.1
1.2
006 0
0:0
0
20.1
1.2
006 1
2:0
0
21.1
1.2
006 0
0:0
0
21.1
1.2
006 1
2:0
0
22.1
1.2
006 0
0:0
0
22.1
1.2
006 1
2:0
0
Zeit
KW
Malta Oberstufe Malta Hauptstufe Malta Unterstufe
Quality of Hydropower
Different Types of HPP / Operation of Storage HPP (Malta HP Development / A)
Quality of Hydropower
19
• Increasing peakload-demand
• Increased demand of banlancing capabilities
• Ancillary serveces (grid regulation)
• Integration of non-dispatchable wind energy
• Increasing reserve capacity
• „Black start“ capability
Quality of Hydropower
Storage and pump storage HPP / new framework, new challenges
Quality of Hydropower
20
Quality of Hydropower
Daily Fluctuation of Available Windpower Generation (not demand oriented)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Lei
stu
ng
au
s W
ind
kraf
tan
lag
en i
n M
W Tatsächliche
Windkrafteinspeisung
(IST)
Prognostizierte
Windkrafteinspeisung
(SOLL)
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
04.01.2
004
05.01.2
004
06.01.2
004
07.01.2
004
08.01.2
004
09.01.2
004
10.01.2
004
Win
dkr
aftb
edin
gte
Au
sgle
ich
sen
erg
ie i
n M
W
En
erg
ie-
de
fizi
t
En
erg
ie-
üb
ers
ch
uß
Quality of Hydropower
21
Hydropower dominated System
Quality of Hydropower
Operation of HPP in a Hydropower dominated System
Quality of Hydropower
22
European Energy Policy
Security of supply
Competition
Environmental and
Sustainable Development
Common
Understanding
Quality of Hydropower
Hydropower – Policy Framework (area of conflict)
Multipurpose Use of HPP
Local & regional
Infrastructure
River Engineering
Flood Protection
Inland Navigation
……….
European Environmental
Policy
Climate Change
Water Framework Directive
Flood Protection
…….
Quality of Hydropower
23
Quality of Hydropower
Hydropower – Flood protection
Quality of Hydropower
24
5.000 year old technology
Hydro-electric Power plants - more than 100 years
of experience
Efficiency more than 90%
Multipurpose facilities
Environmental friendly, CO2-avoiding
Highest availability compared to other technologies
Quick response and reserve capacity
Hydropower – long-term approved technology
Quality of Hydropower
25
Hydropower is the most important renewable in Europe
Storage and Pumpstorage HPP play an important role in the
European Electricity Supply (Security of supply)
Hydropower is the perfect partner for the development of all
other renewable energy source (especially for wind power)
Common understanding between Hydropower and
environmental goals is important
Role of hydropower in Europe
Conclusions
Quality of Hydropower
26
Source: „World Atlas & Industry Guide“, 2005
321.443
152.588
58.40484.620
271.141
580.206
349.547
230.225
702.516
0
100.000
200.000
300.000
400.000
500.000
600.000
700.000
800.000
Europe 15 Europe 25 Europe *
GW
h/y
ea
r
In OperationDevelopable techn. feasible hydropower potentialDevelopable econ. feasible hydropower potential
* Europe except Russia and Iceland, including Turkey
Hydropower Potential in Europe (incl. also Turkey)
Quality of Hydropower
27
Quality of Hydropower
28
Water is more than just a natural resource – it is the basis and the energy of life
Using the potential of water in a sustainable way is a key challange of the 21st century
Hydropower is the “mother of renewables”. with its long experience and high availability
Hydropower is the perfect partner to all renewables
Hydropower is age-old and eternally young – just like nature