MozambiqueTANZANIA

MALAWI

ZAMBIA

SWAZILAND

ZIMBABWE

SOUTH

AFRICA

Tete

Niassa

Gaza

Sofala

Zambezia

Nampula

Cabo Delgado

Maputo

UNSCN COUNTRY POLICY ANALYSIS

NUTRITION IMPACT OF FOOD SYSTEMS

In MOZAMBIQUE

First UN Network for SUN Meeting

Nairobi, 27-28 August 2013

Compiled by: Almeida Tembe

SETSAN Planning Official

Contents

• Introduction

• Methodology

• Situation analysis

– Undernutrition in Mozambique 2003-11

– Geographical distribution of Chronic Malnutrition & Food Security and

Agricultural Production

• Food System and Agricultural Policy Framework

• The Analysis and Policy Scoring

• Commitment and Muti-sectoral Coordination

• Key Recommendations

Introduction• This case study is a part of the work done by UNSCN in 8 countries

including Mozambique

• Aim: to contribute to a better understanding of how food systems,

and especially agriculture, can impact nutrition outcomes, and

how a nutrition lens can be used to improve food and nutrition

security.

• Objectives:

• General: Descriptive review of policies and strategies related

to the agricultural and food systems in the country.

• Specific:

• Analyse the Food and Nutritional framework policy

• Investigate their sensitivity to nutritional actions

• Identify progress, opportunities and challenges

Methodology

• Methods:

• Analysis of secondary

data, literature review,

interviews with key

actors of the food

system

• Selection criteria for policies

• Political and technical

relevance

• Presence of agriculture

components

Undernutrition in Mozambique 2003-

2011

�35% chronic food insecurity

�43% chronic under nutrition in children under 5 years�Overweight/obesity: 7.4% of children under 5 with weight for age +2DPand 16.4% of women 15-49 years with BMI >25kg/m3 (DHS 2011)

�

Geographical Distribution of Chronic Undernutrition, Food Insecurity

and Agricultural Production

Chronic Undernutrition

6

Agricultural Production

The maps show that the largest agricultural production

zones have less food insecurity but higher rates of chronic

undernutrition

Food Insecurity

Food System & Agricultural Policies

Framework • National policy: the Five-Year Programme of the Government (PQG 2010-

2014) and the Plan of Action for Poverty Reduction (PARP 2011-2014 );

• Tranversal strategy: the Food and Nutrition Security Strategy and Plan of

Action (ESAN II / PASAN 2008 – 2015 );

• Sectoral strategy: the Strategic Plan for Agricultural Development (PEDSA-

2011 - 2020 ) and its investment plan, the National Agrarian Investment Plan

(PNISA- 2013 – 2017 );

• Multisectoral action plan: the Multisectoral Plan for Chronic Malnutrition

Reduction (PAMRDC 2011-2014 (2020) ); and

• FSN Programme: Accelerate progress towards MDG1c in Mozambique (2013-

2017).

The Analysis of the nutrition sensitivity of policy

Framework

Criteria PQG PARP ESAN II PEDSA PNISA PAMRDC MDG1c

Regarding the entire policy/programmeContain nutrition objectives and indicators into their

design

Partially Partially Yes Partially Partially Yes Yes

Designed to address the types and causes of malnutrition

based on assessment of the context at the local level

No No Yes No No Yes Partially

Target the most vulnerable groups, properly identified

(also on the basis of nutrition and FNS vulnerability)

Partially Partially Yes No No Yes Partially

Collaborate and coordinate with other sectors Partially Partially Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Empower women Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Act as a delivery platform for direct nutrition interventions Partially No Partially No Partially Yes Partially

Incorporate nutrition promotion and education around

food and sustainable food systems that builds on existing

local knowledge, attitudes and practices

No Partially Yes Partially Yes Yes Yes

Regarding the agriculture component of the policy/programmeFacilitate production diversification, and increase

production of nutrient-dense crops and small-scale

livestock

Partially Partially Partially Partially Yes Partially Partially

Improve processing, storage and preservation to retain

nutritional value, shelf-life, and food safety, to reduce

seasonality of food insecurity and post-harvest losses

Partially Partially Partially Partially Yes Partially Partially

Promote markets expansion and access for vulnerable

groups, particularly for nutritious foods

Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially No Partially

Considers environmental sustainability, conservation of

natural resources and climate change

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes

10 10

15

9

13

12

13

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

PQG 2010-2014 PARP 2011-2014 ESAN II / PASAN

2008-2015

PEDSA 2011-2020 PNISA 2013 - 2017 PAMRDC 2011-2014

(2020)

EU-MDG1c

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Degree of nutrition-sensitivity

0 - 3

Very

low 4 - 6 Low 7 - 10 Medium 11 - 14 High 15 - 17

Very

high

Policy scoring

Main Findings on the Policies• Most of the nutrition-sensitivity criteria are present for most

Policies, Action Plans and programmes analyzed.

• However, there is room for improvement , for instances:

– Mainstreaming nutrition objectives ( observed in 2 policies) ,

– women empowerment,

– food yield and production,

– Improving Food Systems: processing, storage,

– Increasing markets access to nutrient-rich foods (0 policies),

and

– multissectoral collaboration.

Commitment and Multissectorial

Coordination • High level commitment

– has increased with SUN, but still needs to be strengthened

• Multisectoral coordination

– SETSAN plays a crucial role in the articulation.

– Food and nutrition security is a transversal theme,

– Nutrition is Very little transversally throughout the policies,

– Policy formulation is not necessarily reflected on implementation (EX.,

Nutritious food crops not prioritized)Planning retreat – a step towards

better coordination and M&A

• Local Capacity

– FNS institutional arrangements needs to strengthening at all levels

(national, provincial and district)

– Two universities include FSN courses and the training of Extension

Workers had positive impact in the past years.

Multissectoral coordination

Family

Planning.

Anemia

Control

adequate

infant

feeding

. Food and

nutrition

Supplementa

tion

SETSAN

MISAU MINED MINAG MIC MIMAS MJD MOPH

Access of water and basic

Sanitation

Food security and nutrition surveillance

Reduction of early

pregnancy

Reduction of early wedding

Intersectoral coordination

Food subside Program

Income transferen

ce program

Iodization of Salt

Food Fortification

Code of the Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes

Nutritious food

production

Improve technologies for process and storage of food

Nutritional Education in curricula

School gardens

Key Recommendations • To increase their nutrition-sensitivity, the following opportunities

were identified:

– Base the prioritization of food crops in the assessment of the nutrition

situation and nutritional needs

– Improve targeting policies and actions to the most vulnerable groups

(Adolescents, 1000 DAYs, pregnant and lactate women, poor Households)

– Include nutrition indicators in non-nutrition interventions/programmes

– Continue the ongoing efforts to strengthen collaboration and coordination

mechanisms

• Strengthening the M&E Plans by conveying a yearly planning

retreat with key stakeholders; and

• Create a FSN Council body at high political level.

Obrigado!