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Base Isolation
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Three-Day Course
Department of Structural Engineering,University of Naples, Federico II, Italy
Consortium of University EarthquakeEngineering Laboratories ReLUIS
Luigi Di [email protected]
Base-Isolation of Structures:From Conceptual Design to Applications
27-28 February & 1 March 2013Port of Spain, Trinidad
Lecturer InfoDr. Luigi Di Sarno
Base-Isolation of Structures: From Conceptual Design to Applications
Current job positionAssistant Professor – University of Sannio, Department of Engineering,
Benevento, Italy;
Affiliate Researcher, University of Naples, Department of StructuralEngineering, Italy;
Visiting Professor at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA;
Honorary Faculty Staff at University of Bristol, UK;
Consultant for Council of Caribbean Engineering Organisations for theREAKT EU-funded project; Member of Disaster Management AdvisoryGroup (DIMAG); Technical Secretary of RELUIS Consortium.
QualificationLaurea, DIC (Imperial), MSc, PhD, PE, MASCE, MACI.
ExpertiseReinforced concrete and steel structures; Multi-hazard design (wind and earthquake);Base isolation and supplemental damping for new and existing structures; Hospitals
Outline
DAY ONEPassive Control of Structures
Principles of Base Isolation of Structures
DAY TWO
Earthquake Response of Structures
Fundamentals of Structural Earthquake Engineering
DAY THREE
Design of Base Isolated Structures
Design of a Base Isolated Hospital Building
Base-Isolation of Structures: From Conceptual Design to Applications
References
Chopra, A.K. (2007). Earthquake Dynamics of Structures: Theory andApplications to Earthquake Engineering, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall.
Christopoulos, C. & Filiatrault, A. (2006). Principles of Passive SupplementalDamping and Seismic Isolation. IUSS PRESS, Pavia, Italy.
Elnashai, A.S. and Di Sarno, L. (2008). Fundamentals of EarthquakeEngineering, Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
Kelly, J.M. (1996). Earthquake Resistant Design with Rubber. 2nd Edition.Springer-Verlag Inc., New York.
Naeim, F. e Kelly, J.M. (1999). Design of Seismic Isolated Structures: fromTheory to Practice. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
Base-Isolation of Structures: From Conceptual Design to Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Three-Day Course
Department of Structural Engineering,University of Naples, Federico II, Italy
Consortium of University EarthquakeEngineering Laboratories ReLUIS
Luigi Di [email protected]
27-28 February & 1 March 2013Port of Spain, Trinidad
Natural catastrophes
Eart
hqua
kes
Natural catastrophes
Critical Facilities
TransportationSystems
InfrastructureSystems
Building Stock
PhysicalDamage
Social and EconomicConsequences
Housing
Health
Emergency Shelter,Temporary Housing
Direct Damage, PriceIncreases, BusinessInterruption, Supply
Disruption
Casualties, Fatalities,Health Care Disruption
SocialDisruptionEmergency Supplies,
Family Separation
HazardEvent
Short Term Long TermRelocation,
Displacement
Fiscal Impacts,Business Failure,
Job Loss,Reconstruction
PsychologicalDistress,
Chronic Injury
Family Stress,Neighborhood
Disruption
Assessment ofImpact
EconomicLoss
Soci
al V
ulne
rabi
lity
Passive Control of Structures
Conceptual Structural Design
• Stiffness is the fundamental response quantity to controlthe Damageability Limit State
• Accelerations and/or Displacements control is essential tocheck the Operational Limit State
• Strength / Ductility (plastic rotations, inter-storeydisplacements, etc.) are of paramount importance to controlthe Life Safety and Collapse Prevention Limit States
• Adequate Conceptual Design is a trade-off betweenStrength / Stiffness / Ductility / Accelerations
Passive Control of Structures
Conceptual Structural Design
Passive Control of Structures
Source: Miranda, Stanford University, USA
Conceptual Structural Design
Passive Control of Structures
Passive Control of Structures
Performance level and objectives
Conceptual Structural Design
Passive Control of Structures
Cost Breakdown
Traditional Designer
Modern Designer
Next GenerationDesigner
Conceptual Structural Design
Passive Control of Structures
Passive Control of Structures
Performance level and objectives
Passive Control of Structures
Performance level and objectives
How should we design reliablycritical facilities?
Passive Control of Structures
Performance levels
Passive Control of Structures
Conceptual Design
Energy approach
Passive Control of Structures
Conceptual Design
Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach
Conceptual Design
Passive Control of Structures
Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach
ResponseExcitation Structure
CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH PASSIVE CONTROL
PED
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH HYBRID CONTROL
PED
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL
PED
AutomaticControl
Sensors Sensors
AutomaticActuators
ResponseExcitation Structure
ResponseExcitation Structure
ResponseExcitation Structure
ResponseExcitation Structure
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS WITH ACTIVE CONTROL
AutomaticActuators
AutomaticControl
Sensors Sensors
AutomaticControl
Sensors Sensors
AutomaticActuators
Passive Control of Structures
Conceptual Design
Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach
TYPE OF CONTROL RANGE OF APPLICATION DEGREE OF MATURITY
Seismic Isolation Low-to-medium rise buildings(either new or existing).
Bridges and subways. Equipment or facilities.
Mature technique. Many theoretical and practical
results. Many applications world-wide.
Energy Dissipation Medium-to-high rise buildings(either new or existing).
Towers, stacks and chimneys. Medium-to-long span bridges. Lifelines.
Mature technique. Many theoretical and practical
results. Many applications world-wide.
Passive Control Medium-to-high rise buildings. Towers, stacks and chimneys. Medium-to-long span bridges. Lifelines.
Relatively mature technique. Several theoretical and practical
results. Several applications world-wide.
Active, Semi-Activeand Hybrid Control
High rise buildings. Towers, stacks and chimneys. Medium-to-long span bridges.
Ongoing research stage. Several theoretical results. Few applications world-wide.
Passive Control of Structures
Conceptual Design
Conceptual Design
Passive Control of Structures
)()()()()( tEtEtEtEtE IHξSK INPUT ENERGY
HYSTERETIC ENERGY
VISCOUS ENERGY
ELASTIC (STRAIN) ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY
SEISMIC MOTIONSeismic protection strategies: possible design approach
Seismic protection strategies: possible design approach
Passive Control of Structures
Conceptual Design
Seismic protection strategies: basic questions
How does it work?
TRADITIONAL INNOVATIVE
Conceptual Design
Passive Control of Structures
Damper Response
Passive Control of Structures
Passive control: Supplemental damping
Damper Response
Passive Control of Structures
Passive control: Supplemental damping
Damper Response
Passive Control of Structures
Passive control: Supplemental damping
Hysteretic metallic devicesADASADAS
BRBBRB
DAMPER ONBRACE
DAMPER ONBRACE
ELICOIDAL SPRINGS DEVICES AND “OMEGA” LEADELICOIDAL SPRINGS DEVICES AND “OMEGA” LEAD
U-STRIPU-STRIP
Dampers
Passive Control of Structures
Passive control: Supplemental damping
Dampers
Passive Control of Structures
Friction type devices
Passive control: Supplemental damping
Dampers
Passive Control of Structures
Viscous dampers
Dampers
Passive Control of Structures
Dampers
Passive Control of Structures
Dampers
Passive Control of Structures
Base Isolation Systems
Passive Control of Structures
Pioneering applications for critical facilities
Reduction of the dynamic amplificationof the seismic action at the base(Ais/Abf = 1/3, located @ epicentral distance of 30km)
USC Hospital Building, L.A., California
Deam
plifi
catio
n
Northridge Earthquake (1994)
Uni
form
For
ce D
istrib
utio
n
Vertical Irregularity
0.21g
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Pioneering applications for critical facilities in Italy
GERVASUTTA, UDINE
OSPEDALE DEL MARE, NAPOLI
PINETA MARE, CASERTA
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Example#1: NEW CONSTRUCTION of ANAS (DOT) Building in L’Aquila
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
11J
11K
11H
12H
12J
12K
13K
13J
13H14K
14J
14H
15K15J
15H
16K16J
16H
17K
17J 17H
18K
18J
18H
19K
19J
19H
20K
20J
20H
1K
1J
1H
2K
2J
2H
3K
3J
3H
4H
4J
4K
5H
5J5K
6H
6J6K
7H
7J
7K
8H
8J
8K
9H
9J
9K
10K
10J
10H
x = 0.00y = 0.00
N
S
EW
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1011
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
11a
18a
4a
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
1st Mode
2nd Mode
3rd Mode
Example#3: : New school buildings
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Example#3: : New school buildings
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Example#4: RETROFIT of L’Aquila Justice Court Palace, Italy
Replacement of floors light-weigth design
Base Isolation with LDR-LC
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Step-by-step procedure:
1. Application of the rigid vice;
2. Application of hydraulic jacks;
3. Lifting of the jacks (loading);
4. Block up of the jacks;
5. Installation of the belt saw;
6. Cut of the column slice;
7. Remove the column slice;
8. Installation of the isolator;
9. Remove the jacks (unloading);
10. Remove the vice.
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Example#5: : Existing residential buildings @ L’Aquila, Italy
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
RC ColumnsCutting
Courtesy of CONSTA spa
Example#6: : Existing residential buildings @ L’Aquila, Italy
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Building Uplift
Courtesy of CONSTA spa
Patented technology
CONSTA PATENT (UPLIFT)
Passive Control of StructuresCourtesy of CONSTA spa
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Unseating
Span collapses at the Golden State-Antelope Valley interchange collectors during the1971 San Fernando (left) and the 1994 Northridge (right) earthquakes in California
Example#6: : Highway Bridges
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Punching
Punching of piles through the road bed of the State Route 1, Watsonville area,span during the 1989 Loma Prieta (California) earthquake
Example#6: : Highway BridgesApplications
Passive Control of Structures
Example#6: : Highway BridgesApplications
Passive Control of Structures
isofFPS R
NNV
Example#6: : Highway BridgesApplications
Passive Control of Structures
The method, which is derived from thedirect displacement based procedureproposed by Priestley et al. (2007),proposes a few modifications to thegeneral method; specific design chartshave also been developed for the case ofisolation by means of FPS.The derived optimal isolator have a radiusR=3 m and a friction coefficient =4%A1 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 A2
0
0.025
0.05
0.075
0.1
0.125
0.15
0.175
0.2
Section ID
Tra
nsv
ersa
l d
isp
lace
men
t (m
)
Design deck displacementDesign pier displacementMean design pier displacement
Placement of the isolators
Example#6: : Highway BridgesApplications
Passive Control of Structures
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3-500
-250
0
250
500
ds - device slip (m)
Vd -
dev
ice
shea
r (k
N)
I1 I2 I3 I4
I5 I6 I7 I8
I9 I10 I11 I12
Pier 9
Pier 11
Isolators selection and their locationIsolators selection and their location
LRB IsolatorsDeck ≥ 50% MTOT
Steel Dampers Isolators
Case study: The “Cintura” Viaduct
Example#7: : Railway Bridges Applications
Example#7: : Railway Bridges
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Support bearings system (ULS)Support bearings system (ULS)
Pier – Local and global ductilityPier – Local and global ductility
FoundationFoundation
Lead Rubber Bearings
Example#7: : Railway Bridges
Applications
Passive Control of StructuresSteel Hysteretic Bearings
Ante
Example#7: : Railway Bridges
Applications
Passive Control of Structures
Steel Hysteretic Bearings
Post
How does it work?
Why Should We Use Base Isolation Systems (BIS)?
When Should We Use BIS?
Passive Control of Structures
Base Isolation Systems