Day 1 Session 1 What is social protection and why is it important? Perspective from ILO

7/28/2019 Day 1 Session 1 What is social protection and why is it important? Perspective from ILO

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What is social protection and why is it

important?

Capacity Development Workshop on Measuring Social

Protection

1416 May 2013

BPS Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Cline Peyron

Unemployment protection and social security technical advisor,

ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and

do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its

Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the

accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence

of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.


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Structure of the presentation

1. What is social security/ protection?2. Social protection extension as main ILO

objective

More people have access to better-managed

and more gender-equitable social securitybenefits

The Social Protection Floor Recommendation

3. Diagnostic, estimate of costs and policycoordination

4. Examples of extension from other countries,

challenges & opportunities


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1. What is social protection?


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What is social protection/ security?

People face contingencies during their lives

Life cycle

Old age

Death of thebreadwinner

These have financial consequences

Work injuryaternity Unemployment

Invalidity

Sickness / ill health

Fmie

...with children
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What is social protection?

To compensate forthe loss of income &

covers health care

expenditures

To facilitate accessto social services

and fulfill basic

needs

FINANCIAL SUPPORT ACCESS TO SERVICES

The protection provided by society

SOCIAL TRANSFERS


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What is social security?

Social security is a human right The Universal Declaration of Human

Rights (1948)

The International Covenant onEconomic, Social and Cultural Rights

(1966)

The Declaration of Philadelphia

(annex to the Constitution of theInternational Labour Organization) (1944)


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2.Social protection extension as main ILO

objectiveMore people have access to better-managed and more

gender-equitable social security benefits

How to extend social security?


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Social security extension

Populat ion

Level of

protect ion

Poor Rest of informal sector Formal sector

For a long time, SS was contributory andmainly adapted to the formal sector

This did not happen.

Assumption that these schemes

would progressively extend their

coverage with the shrinking of the

informal sector

???


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Social security extension

Populat ion

Level of

protect ion


Discussion on SS in 2001 -> new

consensus: priority to theextension of coverage, exploring

several strategies: adapted SI,

micro-insurance, social

assistance


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Social security extension: the Social

Protection Floor

Populat ion

Level of

protect ion


All residents should enjoy at

least a minimum level of

social security

Member states of the ILOshould establish social

protection floors as a

fundamental element of their

social security systemsNationally defined social protection floor


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Social security extension: the Social

Protection Floor

Populat ion

Level of

protect ion


Based on this floor, extend

social security to provide

progressively higher levels

of SP benefits to more

peopleHigher levels

of social

security to

more people

Nationally defined social protection floor


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And endorsed by the 185 member states of

the ILO in June 2012 with the adoption of the

SPF Recommendation (No 202)

101st ILC

14 June 2012

456 yes votes 1 abstention

The recommendation 202 is a useful guidance for

member states who wish to establish/maintain SPFs as

part of their national social security systemshttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---

relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdf
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdf


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A national social protection floor

guarantees that:

All residents have access to essential health careincluding maternity care

All children enjoy basic income security (providingaccess to nutrition, education and care)

All persons in active age who are unable to earn

sufficient income (e.g. in case of sickness, maternity,unemployment, disability) enjoy basic income security

All older persons enjoy basic income security


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Nationally defined

Social Protection Floors

Not a one size fits all approach : each country defines

the levels of benefits that it can/is willing to provide

Each country also decides howto do it through universal

schemes, targeted social

assistance, social insurance, a

combination


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Give effect to the recommendation

According to ILOs Constitution ILO member states have to

submit the Social Protection Floors Recommendation before

the national authorities to enact legislation or take action to

give effect to the Recommendation.

In this context the Assessment Based

National Dialogue Exercise is a useful

tool since it proposes or will proposeconcrete routes for the further

development


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3.The process to support countries in

implementing national social protection

floors and further developing

comprehensive social protection systems:

The Assessment Based National Dialogue

exercise


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1. Inventory of schemes

through desk review and

bilateral consultations

(June 2011)

2. Draft assessment matrix

(July 2011)

3. Dialogue # 1 to

validate the Assessment

Matrix and providepolicy recommendations

(August 2011)

4. Translation of policy

recommendations into

costable scenarios

(September 2011 March 2012)

5. Dialogue # 2 to

validate the choice of

scenarios (November

2011, February 2012)

6. Data collection for the

RAP protocol and costing

of the scenarios

(November 2011 - March 2012)

7. Dialogue # 3 to present the

results of the costing and discuss

the fiscal space (March 2012);

Training on costing (May 2012);

Training course on Socialprotection: Assessment, Costing

and Beyond (October 2012)

9. Endorsement by

UN/RTG joint team and

presentation to thegovernment (October

2012 March 2013)

8. Finalization of the

costing and

assessment matrix;

writing of the ABND

report (May-August2012) Nationaldialogue

STEP 1

Assessment

matrix

STEP 2

Costing using

the RAP model

STEP 3 Finalisation

& endorsement


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Step 1: Building the assessment matrix:

diagnostic, gaps, recommendations

SPF

objectives

Existing

SP

provisions

Planned SP

provisions

(strategy)

Policy

gaps

Implement-

ation issues

Recomm-

endations

Health

Children

Working

age

Elderly

Four SPF

guarantees

Identifying

existing situation

in the country

Identifying policy

gaps and

implementation

issues,

addressing

which would

complete the

SPF

Priority

policy

options,

to be

decided

through

national

dialogue

The assessment matrix:

A diagnostic of the social protection situation (Coverage

gaps= SSI database)

A set of recommendations

A baseline for future monitoring (SSI database)


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Step 2: Costing using the RAP model

Can be used for

informed policy

planning and

prioritization

Projections of population,active age group, economic

indicators and government

general operations budget

Costing of some policyoptions

Fiscal space analysis


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UN/G Team on social protection

Government group Ministries of Social Welfare, Labour,

Public Health, Education, Finance,

Interior

Budget Bureau

NESDB

National Commission on Social

Welfare/Social Protection

Statistics Offices

Academia, Civil Society,

Workers and employers representatives

Step 3: A mechanism for national dialogue

and policy coordination the UN / G joint team on social protection in the

framework of the UNPAF/UNDAF on social protection

UN SPF Team

UN RC office ILO

UNICEF

UNDP

UNFPA

WHO

UN WOMEN UNESCO

UNHCR

FAO

WB, ADB

IOM


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Used in many Asian and Pacific countries

Completed in

2011-2012

2013-2014

2014-2015

ABND

Vanuatu

and

Solomon

Islands


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4.To conclude

Examples of extension from other

countries, challenges & opportunities


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Universal access to

health care in Thailand

Level ofprotection

CSMBS

6.7%

pop

SSF

sect.33

and 3915.5% pop

Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS) 75.1% population

Quasi 100% Coverage

Issues/ challenge: large number of undocumented migrant workers are not covered by

the Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance (CMHI) due to problems of affordability

CMHI since 2009 (880,000insured- Migrants)

Poor Rest of informal sectorFormal sector


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Cash transfers & scholarships

for poor childrenin Indonesia

Level ofprotection

PKH and PKSA -1.5 million very poor

households in 2012

BOS program

Free education

44.7 million students in 2012 (grade 1 to 9)

Scholarship for the poor -

6.3 million students in 2012


Limitations: The PKH program should be expanded to cover at least all

poor households (6.5 million instead of 1.5 million); lack of health and

education supply may curb the impact of the program.


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Extension of social insurance

to informal economy workers

in ThailandLevel of

protection

CS

6.7%

pop

SSF

sect.33

and 39

15.5%

pop

SSF

section

40

Social security Act, Section 40

Package 1: 70 baht / 30 baht

Death, Work injury, Sickness


Challenges: With the introduction of subsidies, coverage has increased from 68

thousands persons to 1.3 million in 18 months. However the target population =

24 million informal economy workers. Also only 50% pay contributions regularly.

Universal disability allowance of 500 baht/month

Recommendation from ABND:

Expand package: maternity benefits

Enhance employ ability programmes


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Income security for the

elderly in Viet Nam

Todays situation

Level of

protection

Voluntaryinsurance

under

government

regulationProblems with

the vertical

dimension: weak

protection toformal workers

1,300,000 social assistance +80

100,000 social assistance 60-80

1,000,000

pensioners

100,000 voluntary

participants

Social pension(180,000

VND/month) for

those above 80

years old

5 millions dont receive any pension


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Social pension

Towards an enhanced social

pension for the elderly in Viet

NamLevel of

protection

Expand the social pension to all elderly above 65 years of age who do not receive

any pension

Increase the levels of benefits from 180,000 VND/month to 400,000 VND/month

in rural areas and 500,000 VND/month in urban areas

Recommendation from

the assessment report


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THANK YOU!

And more:www.social-protection.org
http://www.social-protection.org/http://www.social-protection.org/http://www.social-protection.org/http://www.social-protection.org/

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Day 1 Session 1 What is social protection and why is it important? Perspective from ILO