Day 1 question

What similarity did early Buddhism and early Christianity share?

a) Support for caste hierarchyb) Requirement to total celibacy for menc) Allowance of women to enter monastic lifed) Prohibition of conversion

Today 9/ and 9/Chapter 2 Day 1

• Practice Question• Reading Quiz• Lecture • Exit

Objective:You will be able to discuss the political structure of China and how it is connected with its religious philosophy (Theme 2 & 3)

Ancient China

Key Ideas

• Dynastic Cycle• Centralization – Discuss: What is this????

• Bureaucracy• Confucianism

Info

• Oldest River Valley Civilization• Discuss:–Why has the distinct Chinese identity

lasted so long???• Doesn’t mean nothing ever changed• Instead the identity remained stable

What is a Dynasties?????

12

34

5

6

Scope of Chinese Dynasties• SHANG DYNASTY 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE • ZHOU DYNASTY 1122 BCE -256 BCE • QIN DYNASTY 221 BCE - 206 BCE • HAN DYNASTY 206 BCE - 220AD • Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD • Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD • Sung Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD • Yuan Dynasty 1279 AD - 1368 AD • Ming Dynasty 1368 AD - 1644 AD • Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD - 1912 AD • 1912 – 1949 Nationalism and Communism • 1949 – present Communism

The SongShang, Zhou, Qin, HanShang, Zhou, Qin, Han

Sui, Tang, SongSui, Tang, Song

Yuan, Ming, Qing, The RepublicYuan, Ming, Qing, The Republic

Mao ZedongMao Zedong

Reference Points

• Egypt Neolithic, Shang• Assyria Zhou• Greece Qin• Roman Empire Han• Dark Ages Jin, Sui• Charlemagne Tang• Feudalism in Europe Song, Yuan• Renaissance Ming• Industrial Revolution Qing

General Development

Ancient• Arises along Huanghe River

Valley develops in relative isolation

• Strong central political organization (Shang)

• Advanced Technology

Classical• First Classical society to

develop• Has the closest ties to its

ancient past of all the other civilization

• Isolation saves them from invasion

• First Dynasty (Shang) sets precedents

Political (Pre-Classical)

• Xia Dynasty (pre-classical):– Around 2200 BCE– Still a lot of questions about this dynasty – Founded by King Yu

• Shang Dynasty (pre-classical)– 1766-1122 BCE– Warrior Kings– Moved a lot

Political (Classical)• Zhou Dynasty– 1029-258 BCE Longest lasting dynasty in China– 1st real dynasty but not complete yet• Not centralized it still had regional governments with

a lot of power

– Development of the Middle Kingdom and Mandate of Heaven

– Created a unifying language: Mandarin• Discuss: Why was a common language so

important?

Zhou continued

• Developed Confucianism– Beginning of the ideas of centralization

• When the dynasty fell it could have ended like India–Discuss: HOW/WHY????– But the developing philosophies and

centralization helped keep China together– PLUS a strong leader takes over

Political (Classical)

• Qin Dynasty– 258-206 BCE– Shi Huangdi—First “Emperor”– This is when the strong central government is

created– Very strict and harsh government• Legalism

– Many innovations!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Qin Continued

• Shi Huangdi changed the regional control–Discuss: Why did they

still need regions????– Bureaucrats instead of

the strong family ties• Another layer in the

growing centralization

How does it fit into the Dynastic Cycle?

Political Cont (Classical)

• Han Dynasty– 206BCE – 220 CE (one of the longest and strongest)– Wu Ti– Continued to encourage Confucian thought• This becomes stronger in Political life (centralization)

– Other Bureaucratic systems grew• Exam system

– Expanded China’s territory– Allowed for some trade

Confucianism

• Confucian ideas – Fundamentally moral and ethical in

character – Restore political and social order; stress

ritual • Gave bureaucracy a common belief

system• Wrote the Analects– Principle of Jen:• “Do not do to others what you would not like them to

do to you”

5 Relationships of Confucianism

1. Father and Son 2. Elder brother and

younger brother3. Husband and wife4. Older friend and

younger friend5. Ruler and subject

Discuss: How did Confucianism support Political structure?

• Superior men should serve not be glorified

• Welfare of common people

• Common people respect overlords

• Loyalty and obedience holds the society together

Daoism

• Prominent critics of Confucianism– Understand natural principles, live in harmony

with them• Laozi and Zhuangzi – Laozi, founder of Daoism; wrote the Daodejing

• Philosophical Daoism– Dao - The way of nature, the way of the cosmos– Opposites in balance, complementary

Legalism

• The doctrine of statecraft – Promoted a practical and ruthlessly efficient

approach – No concern with ethics and morality – No concern with the principles governing nature– Discouraged art, and literature

• Doctrine used by Qin dynasty • Called for harsh penalties even for minor

infractions • Not popular among the Chinese

Economic

• Government played an active role in the economy– Standardized currency– Maintained a surplus in order to control prices

• Trade was focused on luxury items – India– Silks, jewelry, leather, furniture

• High tax• Merchants are no looked upon favorably

Social

• Rural or agricultural society– Small groups of people living far from each other within the

confines of the “civilization”• Social stratification– Landowners and bureaucrats 2%– Laborers, peasants and artisans – Merchants were not good

• Emphasis on– Family!!!!!!!!!!!!– Proper behavior and obedience

• Patriarchal society

Intellectual/Arts

• Art was created in a detailed, proportional, and balanced manner– Nature was emphasized– Often very decorative– Jade, pottery, ivory, bronze, and silk– Calligraphy

Intellectuals/Art Cont

• Many innovations– 364.5 days per year– Movement of the planets– Seismographs– Advanced medical knowledge– Acoustics– Architecture– Inventions• Paper, compass, water mills, porcelain, silk, plows

Today 9/ & 9/Chapter 2 Day 2

• Practice Question• Review• Work on PERSAN

Chart• Primary Source

work (pg 42)• Exit

Objective:You will be able to discuss the political structure of China and how it is connected with its religious philosophy (Theme 2 & 3)

Day 2 question

Which of the following best describes how Chinese imperial elites viewed their civilization in relation to the rest of the world?

a) China was a unique and superior civilization surrounded by barbarians of one sort or another

b) China was an intermediary civilization whose main role was to facilitate the exchange of trade items and ideas between surrounding and more advanced societies

c) China was one member of a peer group of advanced civilizations

d) China was a rising civilization learning from and preparing to overtake existing world power