Day 1

Day 1QOD: What is a safety culture?

When the whole company sees the value of a safe work environment

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Basic Safety PP3. Video – Accidents4. Activity – 5 Types of Accidents5. Review

Standards:AC-IFOS-2. Understand and practice construction safety.

Introduction - Basic Safety

Standards:

AC-IFOS-2. Understand and practice construction safety.2.1- Demonstrate knowledge of use and care of PPE.2.2 - Demonstrate a basic knowledge of OSHA and its regulations.2.3 - Demonstrate a basic knowledge of safety as related as relates to

personal safety,

ELACC9-10SL2: Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source.

ELACC9-10SL4: Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task.

Introduction• Throughout the day, many tasks will be

repeated with little conscious thought. – This can make work dull and increases the chance

of an accident.• Safety consciousness is a vital part of your

work.• Safety training is conducted to make you aware

that dangers exist all around you every day.• Jobsites are always changing and new hazards

are continuously emerging.

Video:Construction Accidents

Importance of Safety

• Safety is a learned behavior and attitude, as well as a way of working.

• A safety culture is created when the whole company sees the value of a safe work environment.


• Companies with a strong safety culture have lower accident rates and a lower turnover of personnel.

• Other benefits…– fewer at-risk behaviors– lower absenteeism– higher productivity– can lower a company’s Experience Modification

Rate (EMR)


• Factors...– perceiving safety as a core value.– strong leadership.– the involvement of all employees.– using the workplace as learning environment.– continually monitoring performance.– effective communication of safety goals.

Accidents

• An accident is defined as an unplanned event that may or may not result in personal injury or property damage.

• Accidents can happen to anyone at any time, in any place.

Accidents

• 5 Types of Accidents:– Near-miss: no one injured and no property damage– Property damage: results in damage to tools, material or

equipment.– Minor injuries: minor cuts, bruises, or strains but worker

returned to full duty the next day.– Serious injury: results in temporary or permanent

disability.– Fatalities: death

Accident Costs• When an accident occurs, there are direct costs such as

the medical costs of the injured worker, and indirect costs such as lost productivity and the cost of training a replacement worker.– Direct Cost: Can be foreseen

• Medical Bills• Worker’s Compensation• Liability Insurance Premiums

– Indirect, Hidden cost: Are not foreseen• Property damage• Equipment damage• Production delays• Supervisory time• Retraining• Image/Morale

Indirect Cost• Indirect or hidden costs can exceed direct costs by

two to seven times.

Activity:5 Types of Accidents

Objective: List the 5 types of accidents and give examples of each.

Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify each type of accident and give examples of each. Be prepared to present work to the class (p 1.2).

CLASSIFYING

Tree Map

Review

• What is safety consciousness?• Is safety a learned behavior? Explain• What is a safety culture and what are the benefits?• What is the definition of an accident?• What are 5 types of accidents?• What is the difference between Direct Cost and

Indirect Costs?• How much do hidden costs exceed the amount of

direct costs?

Day 2QOD: How much do hidden costs of accidents usually exceed the direct

cost?Two to seven times

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Basic Safety PP3. Video – Failure to Communicate4. Activity – 9 Causes of Accidents5. Review


What Causes Accidents?

• 9 Causes of Accidents– failure to communicate– rationalizing risk– unsafe conditions– poor work habits– alcohol and drug abuse– lack of skill– intentional acts– unsafe acts– management system failure


• Poor Work Habits such as goofing off, carelessness, and horseplay can result in serious accidents.


• Rationalizing Risk is the act of ignoring safety warnings and practices because you make an excuse for doing so.

• Examples…– Crossing boundaries because no activity is in sight.– Not wearing safety goggles because it will only take a

minute to make a cut.– Removing your hard hat because you are hot and you can

not see anyone working overhead.– Not tying off your fall protection because you only have

to lean over about a foot.


• Unsafe Condition is the physical state that is different from the acceptable, normal, or correct condition found on the job site.

• Examples…– Congested workplace– Poor lighting– Excessive noise


• Alcohol and Drug Use are a major contributor to accidents on and off the job.–Many states prevent workers from collecting

insurance benefits if they are injured while under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs.

– You should also be aware that some prescription drugs can affect performance as well. If you are taking prescription drugs, be sure you know how they can affect you.


• An Intentional Act is an attempt by someone such as a disgruntled or angry worker to deliberately cause an accident.


• An Unsafe Act is conduct that can lead to an accident. Unsafe methods are often easier or more convenient than doing something right. – This makes it easier to rationalize doing

something that is unsafe.


• Management System is when your employer and the construction site management must have a system in place to:– prevent accidents– identify conditions that can cause accidents– train employees in accident prevention.

• The absence of such a program is a management system failure

Housekeeping• Housekeeping is the process of keeping the job site

and your immediate work area neat and clean, will help a lot in preventing accidents.– The work area should be well lighted and have good

ventilation.– Tools, equipment, and materials should not be left lying

around for people to trip over.

• The major goal of housekeeping is to prevent accidents.

Video:Failure to Communicate


• Failure to Communicate means that workers and supervisors should never assume that others know what to do.– Safety information is most often communicated with

signs. – All work sites have specific markings and signs to

identify hazards and provide emergency information• 4 types of signs:– Informational– Safety– Caution– Danger

Sign Examples

Informational Signs

• color – blue• provide general information.• Examples:– No Admittance– No Trespassing– For Employees Only

Safety Signs

• color – green panel with white letters• give general instructions and suggestions

about safety measures.• Examples:– First-aid station– Emergency eye wash station– Evacuation routes–Material Data Safety Sheets (MSDS)– Exits

Caution Signs

• color – black panel with yellow letters• tell you about potential hazards or warn

against unsafe acts.• Examples:– Hearing and eye protection required– Respirators are required– Smoking is not allowed

Danger Signs

• color – red, black, and white• tell you that an immediate danger exist and

that you must take precautions to avoid an accident.

• Examples:– Defective equipment– Flammable liquids– Safety barrier– High voltage– Emergency stop button

Activity9 Causes of Accidents

Objective: To choose a cause of accidents and illustrate examples of the chosen cause.

Group Task: Prepare a Multi-Flow Map with 3 causes and 3 effects from one of the 9 causes of accidents (pp 1.3-1.9).

CAUSE & EFFECT

Flow Map

Review

• What are some of the Causes of Accidents?• What is Rationalizing Risk?• Poor Housekeeping, excessive noise, and inadequate

guards for moving part are considered which cause of accident?

• What is the major goal of housekeeping?• What are the 4 Types of Signs• What is a Management System Failure?

Day 3QOD: List three of the nine causes of accidents on the jobsite?

failure to communicate, rationalizing risk, unsafe conditions

Agenda:1. QOD and Measurements2. Basic Safety PP3. Video – OSHA Introduction4. Activity – OSHA Inspections5. Review


OSHA Regulations• Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.• Mission:– to save lives– prevent injuries– protect the health of American Workers

• Code of Federal Regulation (CFR)– 29 CFR Part 1910 – covers OSHA’s standards

for the general industry.– 29 CFR Part 1926 - covers OSHA’s standards for

the construction industry.

Video:OSHA Introduction

http://www.dol.gov/dol/media/webcast/20110420-osha-40/

OSHA Regulations• The General Duty Clause - invoked when a

standard does not address a hazard.• If the following elements are present , a general

duty clause citation may be issued:– The employer failed to keep the work place free of

hazard.– The hazard was recognized, but not corrected.– The hazard was causing, or likely to cause, death or

serious physical harm.– There was a feasible and useful method to correct the

hazard.

OSHA Regulations

• Employee Rights and Responsibilities– If a worker has been discriminated against for

asserting his or her OSHA rights, that person has 30 days from the time of the incident to file a complaint with OSHA.

– Your employer is required by OSHA to maintain your job-related medical records for 30 years after you leave employment.

OSHA Regulations• Inspections are conducted to insure employers are

compliant with standards. There are 6 types.– Immanent danger: conducted when workers face an

immediate risk of death or physical harm.– Catastrophic: performed after an accident that requires

hospitalization of 3+ people. Employers are required to report fatalities and catastrophes to OSHA within 8 hours.

– Worker complaint: conducted due to complaint by worker.

– Programmed: aimed at high-risk areas.– Follow-up: completed after citation to assure employer

has corrected citation.– Monitoring: used for long-term abatement follow-up and

to assure compliance with variances.

OSHA Regulations

• A competent person is someone who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards and has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate such hazards.– To help employers provide a safe workplace, OSHA

requires companies to provide a competent person to ensure safety of their employees.

OSHA Regulations

• There are three categories of on-the-job events: injuries, accidents, and incidents.– An incident is anything that could have caused and

injury or damage but, because it was caught in time, did not.

– An accident is anything that causes an injury or property damage.

– An injury is anything that requires treatment, even minor first-aid.

Job Safety Analysis

• Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is one approach to hazard evaluation

• In a JSA, the task at hand is broken down into its individual parts or steps and then each step is analyzed for its potential hazards.

• For example in a Fall Protection Work Plan– Recognize Hazards– Provide Solutions– Identify Procedures– Define Training

Video:Job Safety Analysis – Fall Protection

Hazard Evaluation

• Risk assessment is a measure of the probability, consequence and exposure related to an event.

• Components:– Probability is the chance that a given event will

occur.– Consequences are the results of an action,

condition or event.– Exposure is the amount of time to which

someone or something is exposed.

Activity:OSHA Inspections

Objective: List important facts about 5 of the 6 types of OSHA inspection.

Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to list important facts about 5 of the 6 types of OSHA inspection. Be prepared to present work to the class. (pp. 1.11)

CLASSIFYING

Tree Map

Review

• What does OSHA stand for, what is their mission?• What is the General Duty Clause?• How long does OSHA require your employer to keep

your medical records?• How many days does a worker who has been

discriminated against under OSHA rights have the right to file a complaint?

• What is the process of preparing a Job Safety Analysis?

• What are the components in risk assessment?

Day 4QOD: What is OSHA’s mission?to save lives, prevent injuries, protect the health of American Workers

Agenda:1. QOD2. Safety Pledge3. SLO Test4. Activity – OSHA Inspection5. Review


Day 5 QOD: In your own words, describe OSHA.

….

Agenda:1. QOD and Measurements2. Safety Pledge3. Basic Safety PP4. Video – 4 High-Hazard Areas5. Activity – Fall Protection and Job Hazard Analysis6. Review


OSHA Regulations• The 4 high-hazard area

OSHA Regulations• The 4 high-hazard area– Falls from elevation are accidents involving

failure to properly use appropriate fall protection.– Struck-by accidents involve unsafe operation

equipment, machinery, vehicles i.e. unsafe rigging operations.

– Caught-in accidents involve unsafe operation equipment, machinery, vehicles i.e. improper procedures at a trench site.

– Electrical shock accidents involve contact with overhead wires, use of defective tools, or improper ground fault protection.

Video:4 High Hazards

Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS)

• A PFAS consists of a body harness, lanyards, lifeline, connecting devices, and anchor points.

• Always have your personal fall arrest system, PFAS, inspected monthly by a competent person.


• The lanyard attaches to the D-ring. The D-ring or support point on a safety harness should be placed to the rear, between your shoulder blades.

• A dual lanyard is an excellent method to enhance safe work operation.


Video:Falls – Roofs

Video:Falls – Safety Harness

Fall Protection• Any opening in a wall or floor is a safety hazard. These

openings can be guarded or they can be covered.• Railings are used across wall openings or as a barrier

around floor openings to prevent falls.• Warning barricades alert workers to hazards but

provide no real protection.– Warning barricade tape colored red means danger and no

one can enter.– Yellow signifies caution and allows entry. A yellow and

purple sign is used to indicate a radiation hazard.• Protective barricades give both a visual warning and

protection from injury. No one should be able to get past a protective barricade.

Fall Protection

Video:Falls- Floor Opening 1,2

Activity:4 High Hazard Areas

Objective: List the 4 High-Hazard Areas and give 3 examples of each.

Group Task: List the 4 High Hazard Areas on a Tree Map and give three examples of each. Review each example and be prepared to discuss with the class, a minimum of 3 each is required per area (p.1.13).

CLASSIFYING

Tree Map

Review

• What part of a safety harness does the lanyard attach to for safety?

• Where should the D-ring on a safety harness be placed?

• Who should inspect your fall arrest system monthly?

• What is the process of preparing a Job Site Analysis?• Which type of OSHA inspection involves reporting

fatalities and catastrophes to OSHA within 8 hours?

Day 5QOD: Where should the D-ring on a safety harness be placed?

To the rear, between your shoulder blades.

Agenda:1. QOD and Measurements2. Safety Pledges3. SkillsUSA – September 12th

4. Basic Safety PP5. Video –Ladder Safety6. Review


Video:Fall – Ladder 1

Ladders

• Ladders are used to perform work in elevated locations.

• Metal ladders conduct electricity and must not be used around electrical equipment or wiring.

• Types:– Straight ladders– Extension ladder– Stepladder

Ladders

• Ladders should be secured at the bottom and top to prevent accidental movement.

Ladders

• Ladders are used to perform work in elevated locations.

• Metal ladders conduct electricity and must not be used around electrical equipment or wiring.

• Do not carry tools while climbing a ladder; use a hand line or tag line.

• Types:– Straight ladders– Extension ladder– Stepladder

Ladders - Straight

Ladders - Straight

• Straight ladders consist of two rails, rungs between the rails, and safety feet on the bottom of the rails.

• Using straight ladders– If you are going step off a ladder onto a platform

or roof, the top of the ladder should extend at least 3’ feet above the point where the ladder touches the platform, roof, side rails, etc.

Ladders - Extension• Extension ladders are actually two straight ladders.

They are adjusted so you can adjust the overlap between them and change the length of the ladder as needed.

• Using an extension ladder– 4 :1 Ratio – The base needs to be set-back 1’ for each 4’

of length to the upper support point.– 3 Point Contact - Either have both hands and one foot or

two feet and one hand touching the ladder at all times.– The highest safe standing level on an extension ladder is

the 4th rung from the top. Never climb over the 4th rung from top.

– Check to make sure the section locking mechanism, rung lock, is fully hooked over the desired rung.

Ladders - Extension

Ladders


Ladders - Step

Ladders - Step

• Step ladders are self-supporting ladders made of two sections hinged at the top.

• Using an step ladder–When positioning a step ladder, be sure that all

four feet are on a hard, even surface.


Stairways

• Stairways are also routinely used on construction sites where there is a break in elevation of 19” or more, and no ramp, runway, sloped embankment, or personal hoist is provided.

• OSHA requires that at least five foot-candles of light be available in stairways.– An example of an unsafe condition on a jobsite is

inadequate lighting in a stairway.

Review

• How far should a ladder extend past a platform?• What is the highest safe standing level on an

extension ladder?• What should be used to transport tools from one

floor to another?• What is the 4:1 ratio referring to in ladder safety?• What is 3 point contact referring to in ladder safety?• What is an example of an unsafe condition?

Day 6QOD: What is the 4:1 ratio?

A ladder safety rule where the base of a ladder must extend out 1’ horizontally for every 4’ of vertical distance

Agenda:1. QOD and Measurements2. Safety Pledges3. Basic Safety PP4. Video – Scaffolds5. Review


Video:Scaffolding

Scaffolds• Scaffolds provide a safe elevated work platform for

people and materials• Two basic types of scaffolds are commonly used in

construction:– Manufactured scaffolds– Rolling scaffolds

• Scaffolds are made of– painted steel– stainless steel– aluminum.

Scaffolds• OSHA regulations provide for a system of tags to show

the status of scaffolding.– A green tag means the scaffold is okay for use.– A yellow tag means the scaffold can only be used with a safety

harness and lanyard because it lacks some safety feature.– A red-tagged scaffold may not be used because it is being

assembled or taken down.• If a scaffold is more than 10’ high, it must have top rails,

mid-rails, and toe-boards, and all connections must be pinned.

• Cross-bracing is also required, and the work area must be completely planked.

• A competent person must inspect a scaffold before it can be used.

Scaffolds

Scaffolds

Video:Scaffolding

Struck-by Hazards

• Account for 18% of construction fatalities.• Primary Causes:– Vehicle and Equipment Strikes– Falling Objects– Flying Objects

Vehicle and Equipment Strikes• Most common cause of accidents involving

highway workers.• When working on the ground near moving vehicles:– Never get into the operator's blind spot.– Keep off equipment unless authorized.– Wear reflective or high visibility vest

• When operating equipment on the job site:– Always wear a seatbelt– Look to the rear and sound the horn before backing up. If

your rear vision is blocked get a signaler to direct you.– Turn off the engine and set the breaks before you leave

the vehicle.

High Visibility Vest

• Wearing a reflective or high visibility vest is the best way to protect yourself when working near moving vehicles and equipment.

Falling Objects

• Workers on construction sites are at risk from falling objects. Avoid standing beneath any load on a crane or lift, and wear a hard hat at all times.

• Use toe-boards, debris nets, catch platforms, or canopies to catch or deflect falling objects.

• To prevent stacked material from falling over, never stack material higher than a 4:1 height-to-base ratio.

Video:Struck-by: Cranes

Flying Objects• Power tools and activities such as pushing,

pulling or prying can cause objects to become airborne.

• Chipping, grinding, brushing or hammering can cause objects to become airborne.

• To protect against flying objects…– Use eye protection i.e. safety goggles, face

shields.– Inspect tools to make sure protective guards are

in good condition.

Video:Struck-by: Guards

Review• At what height must you don a harness when

working on a scaffold with no rails?• What are the tag colors associated with scaffolding

and what do they mean?• What can you use on a scaffold to prevent falling

objects?• What is used to protect workers from moving parts?• How many foot-candles of light does OSHA require

on stairways?• What are three rules that must be followed when

operating equipment on a job site?

Day 7QOD: How far past a platform should you extend a ladder?

3’

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurements2. Safety Pledges3. SkillsUSA – September 18th

4. Activity – Evacuation Procedures5. Activity – Donning a Safety Harness6. Review


Activity:Donning a Safety Harness

Objective: To demonstrate proper use of a safety harness.• Individually, practice donning the safety harness.• Next, determine who the best in your group is at

donning a safety harness.• Next, fill in bracket and determine winner.

Activity:Evacuation Procedures

Objective: To demonstrate the route for each student to take during an emergency - including Fire, Tornado and Bomb Threat.

1. As a class, exit the building at the rear entrance as if there were a Fire.

2. Next, exit the building at the rear entrance as if there were a Bomb Threat.

3. Next, review the procedure for a Tornado Drill.

4. On a sheet of paper write the procedures down for a Fire and a Bomb Threat. Be sure to include the final destination.

5. Label the sheet on the top as Activity #3 and insert it into your notebook.

Day 8QOD: When working on scaffolding, what is a good way to protect against falling objects?

Use protective measures such as toe boards, debris nets, catch platforms, or canopies to catch or deflect falling objects.

Agenda:1. QOD and Measurements2. Safety Pledges3. Basic Safety PP4. Video – Trench5. Activity – Benching and Sloping6. Review


Video:Curtis Zanussi Story

Caught-In-Between Hazards

• Congested work sites, heavy equipment, and multiple trades can contribute to caught-in-between hazards.

• Construction workers often have to work in trenches or excavations, where cave-ins and falling objects are common hazards.

• Primary Causes:– Trench/Excavation Collapse– Rotating Equipment– Unguarded Parts


• Excavation vs. Trench– An excavation is any man-made cut, cavity,

trench, or depression formed by the removal of earth or soil.

– A trench is an excavation that is deeper than it is wide, and usually not wider than 15'.

• Hazards include…– Cave-Ins–Water Accumulation– Falling Objects– Collapse of Nearby Structure

Video:Trench

Caught-In-Between Hazards• Soil Type is a key factor in determining the type of

Protective System necessary to ensure that the trench will be safe.

• To be safe, treat soil as if it is type C soil unless proven otherwise.

• Trenches and excavations must be inspected at least daily by a competent person.

Caught-In-Between Hazards• 4 Types of Soil Types– Solid Rock

• Excavation walls stay vertical as long as the excavation is open.– Type A Soil

• Fine grained and cohesive. Particles to small to see with the eye. Clay and Caliche

– Type B Soil• Angular rock, silt, and similar soil.

– Type C Soil• Course grained, granular. Particles are visible to the naked eye.

Sand, Gravel


• Protective systems protect workers from cave-ins, materials that can fall or roll into an excavation, and collapse of adjacent structures.

• Sloping and benching are similar forms of trench protection that cut away and slant the excavation face.

• Benching systems cannot be used in type C soils, because they will not hold the bench properly and will collapse.


• Sloping - a method in which the sides of an excavation are cut back to a safe angle using relatively smooth inclines


• Benching – similar to sloping, but instead of smooth inclines, the sides of the trench wall are cut back using a series of steps.


• Both systems call for a safe angle called the maximum allowable slope (MAS).

• Type A soil allows the steepest slope, while type C soil allows the shallowest slope. – Type A Soil: 3/4 – 1, or 53 degrees– Type B Soil: 1 to 1, or 45 degrees– Type C Soil: 11/2 to 1, or 34 degrees

Type A Type B Type C

Video:Soil Types

Activity:Types of Soil and Protective Systems Objective: Compare and contrast benching and sloping techniques.

Group Task: Prepare a Double Bubble Map to compare and contrast benching and sloping and determine which soils are appropriate in each system. (pp. 1.34-1.35)

COMPARING & CONTRASTING

Double Bubble Map

Review

• What is an Excavation?• What is a Trench?• What are the 4 types of soil?• What are different types of protective systems?• Which soils can be used on the sloping system?• Which soils cannot be used with a benching system?

Day 9 QOD: What is an excavation?Excavation is any man made cut, cavity, trench, formed by the removal

of soil.

Agenda:1. QOD and Measurements2. Safety Pledges3. SkillsUSA Membership– Tomorrow4. SkillsUSA Champion’s Rally – Tomorrow5. Basic Safety PP6. Video – Lockout/Tag-out7. Activity – Shoring and Shielding8. Review


Caught-In-Between Hazards• Many trenches are in narrow places, so sloping and

benching are not options. • In these situations, support systems like shoring or

shielding must be utilized.• Shoring vs. Shielding• Shoring consist of plating held firmly in place

with expandable braces.• Shielding structures, or trench boxes, are placed

inside trenches or excavations, and are strong enough to protect workers in the event of a cave-in.


• Shoring structure vs. Shielding Structure

• Soil, materials and equipment should be placed at least 2’ from the edge of the excavation.


• Keep all materials and heavy equipment at least 2' from the edge of the excavation.– Barricades may be required to contain falling

material. • Workers must be able to safely enter and exit

a trench using a stairway, ladder, or ramp. There must be an exit every 25' for every trench over 4' deep.



• Almost all tools and machines used in construction are equipped with guards that protect workers from rotating parts. – Almost all tools and machines used in

construction are equipped with guards that protect workers from rotating parts.

Electrical Hazards

• No matter your trade you will use or work around electrical equipment.

• Types of electrical accidents:– Burns– Electrical shock– Explosions– Fires

Video:Electrocution – Mile Rousselle Story

Electrical Safety Guidelines• The three-wire system is one of the most common

safety grounding systems used to protect you from accidental electric shock. – The third wire is connected to a ground.

• With every power tool, use an assured ground program or GFCI.– Double insulated cords are also effective in preventing

shocks when using power tools.

• Use some sort of a Ground Fault Circuit with every tool. They are designed to shut off electrical power within 1/40 of a second.

Electrical Safety Guidelines

Electrical Lockout

• A system that safeguards workers from hazardous energy while they work with machines and equipment.

Video:Lockout/Tag-out

Activity:Types of Soil and Protective Systems Objective: Compare and contrast shoring and shielding techniques.

Group Task: Prepare a Double Bubble Map to compare and contrast shoring and shielding and determine which soils are appropriate in each system. (pp. 1.34-1.35)

COMPARING & CONTRASTING

Double Bubble Map

Review

• What is an Excavation?• What is a Trench?• What are the 4 types of soil?• What are different types of protective systems?• Which soils can be used on the sloping system?• Which soils cannot be used with a benching system?• What are some ways to prevent electrical shock?• What is a lock/out tagout system?

Day 10 QOD: What can protect you from electric shock?

Three-wire cord, double-insulated cord and ground fault circuit interrupters.

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurement2. Safety Pledges3. Basic Safety PP4. Video – Exposures5. Activity – Personal Protection Equipment6. Review


Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• You will be responsible for wearing appropriate PPE on the job and in the lab.

• PPE includes…– Hard Hat– Eye and Face Protection– Gloves– Foot Protection– Hearing Protection– Respiratory Protection


• Eye and Face Protection


• Gloves, Inspecting 1. Stretch the glove. 2. Trap air inside the glove. 3. Try to detect any air escaping. 4. If inspection fails, dispose of it.


• Hearing Protection– Clean earplugs with soap and water to prevent

ear infections.


• Respiratory System– A full face-piece mask with chemical canisters is

used to protect against brief exposure to dangerous gases and fumes.

–Wherever there is danger of an inhalation hazard, you must use a respirator.


• Respiratory System

Video:Exposures: Respirator Devices

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

• MSDS must accompany every shipment of a hazardous substance and must be available to you on the job site.

• The following is found on an MSDS:– Emergency first-aid procedures–Manufacturer contact information– Identity of the substance– Special control measures

Exposure• Definition: refers to contact with a chemical,

biological, or physical hazard.• Types of exposure hazards:– Lead – toxic metal– Asbestos – prolonged exposure can cause lung

cancer, asbestosis, and a cancer called mesothelioma.

– Silica – causes silicosis and lung cancer– Bloodborne Pathogens – transmitted by contact

with an infectious person’s blood– Chemical Splashes – in the event that this

happens use shower or eyewash station

Video:Exposures: Asbestos, Silica, Isocyanate

Activity:Types & Uses of PPE

Objective: Name and determine the appropriate use for each type of PPE.

Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify each type of PPE i.e. safety glasses, safety harness, gloves, etc. Be prepared to present work to the class.

CLASSIFYING

Tree Map

Review

• What are the appropriate steps to don electrical gloves?

• What must be included with every shipment of a hazardous substance and made available to workers on the jobsite?

• What kind of information is found on in MSDS?• What is Asbestos and what harm can it cause to a

worker?

Day 11QOD: What must be included with every shipment of a hazardous substance and made available to workers on the jobsite?

Material Safety Data Sheets, MSDS

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurement2. Safety Pledges3. Basic Safety PP4. Video – Heat Stress5. Activity – Heat Stress6. Review


Proximity Work

• Proximity work refers to work done near, but not in direct contact with a hazard such as hot piping, energized electrical equipment, operating machinery, pressurized or high temperature systems

• Barricades may be needed to avoid contact with these hazards, and special precautions may be needed during rigging operations to prevent objects from falling on the hazard.

Proximity Work

Welding and Cutting Hazards

• Welding can create an intense arc capable of damaging the eyes of anyone looking directly at it.– Proper eye protection, including flash goggles, must

be worn by everyone in the vicinity of arc welding. – When gas welding, welders are required to wear

tinted goggles with a filter lens of not less than No. 4• UV radiation from a welding arc can cause flash

burns to the eyes and skin. • Welding shields may be needed to protect

workers near the welding activity.


• Different hoses are used for different gases.– The fuel gas hose is usually red, but may be

black. Its coupling nut has a left-hand thread, which is the opposite of the usual thread pattern.

– The oxygen hose is green and has a right-hand thread nut for connecting the torch.

• Look for charred on hoses. Charred sections of a welding hose may have been caused by flashback, result of welding flame flaring up.



Heat Stress• Heat stress occurs when abnormally hot air or high

humidity prevent your body from cooling itself fast enough.

• Results of heat stress:– Heat cramps – muscular pains and spasms caused by

heavy exertion.– Heat exhaustion – occurs when people exercise heavily

or work in a warm, humid place where body fluids are lost through heavy sweating.

– Heat stroke – is life threatening and occurs when the body-temperature control system, which produces sweat to cool the body, stops working.

Cold Stress

• Cold Stress occurs when your body temperature drops just a few degrees below normal, which is about 98.6°F.

• Results of Cold Stress– Frostbite – a dangerous condition that can have

lifelong effects on your body by loosing fingers, hands, limbs, etc.

– Hypothermia – a serious, potentially fatal condition and you do not have to be below freezing to be at risk.

Video:Heat Stress

Activity:Types of Cold and Heat Stress

Objective: List facts about each type of Cold and Heat Stress covered today.

Group Task: Prepare a Tree Map to classify each type of Cold and Heat Stress. Be prepared to present work to the class (pp. 1.59-1.61).

CLASSIFYING

Tree Map

Review

• What type of work refers to work done near, but not in direct contact with a hazard?

• When gas welding, what is the minimum filter lens a welder is required to wear for eye protection?

• What are the effects of Heat Stress?• What are the affects of Cold Stress?• When welding, what can cause charred sections of a

welding hose close to the torch?• What color is the fuel gas hose?• What color is the oxygen hose?

Day 12QOD: What are the three results of heat stress?

Heat cramps, exhaustion, stroke

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurement2. Safety Pledges3. Basic Safety PP4. Video – Confined Space5. Review


Video:Confined Spaces 1, 2 ,3

Confined Space

• A confined space is one that is large enough to work in, but has limited means of entry and exit, as well as limited ventilation.

Permit-required confined space

• A permit-required confined space is one that has been evaluated by a qualified person and found to have actual or potential hazards, therefore, a written permit is required to enter such spaces.

• Confined spaces may contain hazardous fumes. Or, the work being done, such as welding or metal cutting, may introduce hazardous fumes.

Permit-required confined space

Video:Confined Spaces - Introduction

Construction Ergonomics

• Ergonomics is the study of the physical impact that work-related movements, motions, and postures have on workers.

• Repetitive motion and constant vibration can cause injuries.

• Lifting is a six-step process that uses the muscles of the legs to avoid back injury.

Construction Ergonomics

Fire Hazards

• Fire is a potential hazard on any construction site.

• A fire needs fuel, heat, and oxygen to start. Fuel is any material that will burn, and oxygen is always available in the surrounding air.

• Heat is any action that will raise the fuel's temperature to the flash point, which starts the fire.

Fire Hazards

Classes of Fires

Review

• What is a confined space?• What is a permit required confined space?• What is the study of the physical impact that work-

related movements, motions, and postures have on workers called?

• What is required for a fire to burn?• At what point will a fire start?

Day 13QOD: What is used to protect against brief exposure to dangerous gases and

fumes?Full Face-piece Mask.

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurement2. Safety Pledges3. Activity – Module Review Questions (p.1.74-1.76)4. Review


Day 14QOD: What is found in a MSDS?

Emergency first-aid procedures / Manufacturer contact information / Identity of the substance / Special control measures

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurement2. Safety Pledges3. Activity – Trade Term Quiz (p.1.78-1.79)4. Review


Day 15QOD: What is life threatening and occurs when the body-temperature

control system, which produces sweat to cool the body, stops working?

Heat Stroke

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurement2. Unit Review3. Review


Day 16QOD: What is the difference between confined space and permit-required confined space?Permit-required confined space has been evaluated and determined to

have actual and potential hazards.

Agenda:1. QOD & Measurement2. Basic Safety – Test3. Review


Documents

Day 1