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David VAIDISSocial Psychology Lab (EA3984)
Université de Paris 10 [email protected]
Séverine HALIMI-FALKOWICZSocial Psychology Lab (EA849)
Université de [email protected]
The Smiley Effect:
How to seem more likeable?
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Is a smiley feature on a t-shirt able to increase (or decrease) likeability?
First experiment
Induce 3 distinct levels of likeabilty– Being perceived more or less positively– Neutral operationalization (avoid controlability)
– Data about smiley effect (Rind & Bordia, 1996 ; Guéguen & Légoherel, 2000). positive state of mind compliance
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Participants and design• University of Aix-en-Provence Campus (France)• 240 female students• had to evaluate pictures of a young woman• on an 11-points scale ranging from -5 (unlikeable)
to +5 (likeable) • dispatched in a 3x4 between-subject experimental
design– face expression of a woman on a picture (IV1)– T-shirt feature (IV2)
Induce 3 levels of likeability
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Induce 3 levels of likeability
Face expression (IV1)• smiling face• neutral face• angry face
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Induce 3 levels of likeability
Black T-shirt feature (IV2)• yellow smiling smiley• beige neutral smiley• red angry smiley• No picture (control)
Face expression (IV1) • smiling face• neutral face• angry face
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+
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+
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Results
• Main effect of face expression
• No effect of T-shirt feature
• No interaction effect
Induce 3 levels of likeability
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Results(1) Face modalities induce 3 distinct levels of likeability
Ma in e ffe ct : F(2 , 22 8 )=1 4 2 ,0 8 , p =0 ,0 0 00
N e ga tive N e u tra l Po s itive
Fa cia l Exp re s s io n
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Likeability (sympathie)
Induce 3 levels of likeability
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(2) Participants use T-shirt features only in the neutral face condition
The red angry smiley induces a higher level of
perceived likeability
N o n e (co n tro l) R e d -An g ry Be ig e -N e u tra l Ye llo w -Sm ilin g
T-s h irt fe a tu re
-2 ,5
-2 ,0
-1 ,5
-1 ,0
-0 ,5
0 ,0
0 ,5
1 ,0
1 ,5
2 ,0
Likeability (sympathie)
Induce 3 levels of likeability
p=<.01
p<.10
Results
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Second experiment
Why a red angry smiley differs?
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES
• Originality
• Red color (Hill & Barton, 2005)
animal species: a sign of male’s dominance
Does red color induce particular judgments?
humans: enhances performance in contests
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• Underground Station in Paris (France)• 140 young female participants
Why a red angry smiley differs?
Participants and design
• had to evaluate the picture of a young woman with a neutral face•on 11-points scales ranging from
–likeability -5 (unlikeable) to +5 (likeable) –originality -5 (unoriginal) to +5 (original) –dominance -5 (complied) to +5 (dominant)
•dispatched in a 3x3 between-subject experimental design (and one without-smiley control condition)
–smiley expression (IV1)–smiley colour (IV2)
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Why a red angry smiley differs?
YELLOW
RED
BLUE
CONTROL
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Why a red angry smiley differs?
NB: -5 (unlikeable) +5 (likeable)
Likeability
YELLOW
RED
BLUE
0.08
1.00
0.41
1.00
-0.08
1.16
0.66
0.08
0.83
Conclusion: no significant differences
Neutral face woman 1 (experiment 1): m= - 0.48 F(1, 198)=14.49 à p<.001 woman 2 (experiment 2): m= + 0.55
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Why a red angry smiley differs?
Originality
YELLOW
RED
BLUE
-1.08
0.83
-0.25
-0.16
-.083
0.33
-0.50
0.83
-0.63
-1.33 Conclusion: only blue (smiling) smiley induces judgments of originality
NB: -5 (unoriginal) to +5 (original)
CONTROL
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Why a red angry smiley differs?
Dominance
0.66
-0.08
0.41
-0.91
-0.5
0.5
-1.08
-1.58
0.63
-0.44
-0.72
0.51
-0.30 -0.71 0.33
Conclusion: angry smilies or red smilies induce judgments of dominance
YELLOW
RED
BLUE
NB: -5 (complied) +5 (dominant)
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Why a red angry smiley differs?
Does red color induce particular judgments?
judgements of dominance
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Conclusion
Red color• Hill & Barton, 2005
animal species: a sign of male’s dominance
humans: enhances performance in contests
• In our study humans: induce judgments of dominance
17
THANK YOU
ευχαριστώ
David VAIDISSocial Psychology Lab (EA3984)
Université de Paris 10 [email protected]
Séverine HALIMI-FALKOWICZSocial Psychology Lab (EA849)
Université de [email protected]
The Smiley Effect:
How to seem more likeable?
