David SjodingRenewable Energy Specialist

Coastal Bioenergy WorkshopJune 19, 2007

Why Renewable Energy in Coastal Washington Counties?

Renewable Energy Introduction

The Northwest is renewable energy rich especially coastal Washington

• Wind• Geothermal• Solar• Hydropower• Ocean wave/tidal• Bioenergy

How much opportunity for our coast?

• What do we know?

• What do we need to know?

• Can we fill in the gaps?

• What are the economics?

• What is the business case?

• Environmental considerations

Opportunity overview

Renewable energy• Something for everyone • A rural economic opportunity• Protection from rising fossil fuel prices• Keeps energy dollars local/in-state• Energy independence• Environmental improvements

Renewable Energy

The time has come

• 25 years of research and development pays off

• Prices falling and fossil energy rising

• Economic opportunities

Thinking About a Moving Target

• Research and development changes the answer – a strong 25-year effort

• Prices of fossil energy are up

• Renewable capital costs are down – Caution, steel prices

• We have better data – but not all of it analyzed

• Cost comparisons – rent vs. buy and multiple revenue streams

Washington Laws and Policy – The playing field has changed and is changing

• I-937 Renewable Portfolio Standard – 15% by 2020 Efficiency Portfolio standard CHP fits both EPS & RPS

• Renewable fuels standard – 2% ethanol & biodiesel

• Beyond Waste – Dept of Ecology• Work in progress

Utility Interconnection I-937 Rulemaking – Non power attributes Climate Advisory Team – Forestry TWG

Lessons Learned• Klickitat County – Non-site specific renewables EIS

- “Saved the family for a generation”

• $11.5 Billion petrodollar drain- We hit $3.00/gallon and crossed a political continental

divide in our state

• Can we keep these funds in-state?

• “Washington grown, Washington owned”- Governor Gregoire – Working Lands Initiative- North Dakota and Minnesota

• All biomass is local – Transportation costs

• Look for multiple revenue streams

WindNew wind maps – Some class 4 & 5 on coast

• www.windpowermaps.org – State maps and zoom PDF• But the analysis was done in 1991, before detailed

maps and bigger wind turbines

Research and Development • History, Kotzebue and future

Boom Time

• Up to 2,486 MWc in WA

Potential for Pacific Northwest• 132,900 MWc from study

Geothermal

Low temperature • Location and Ground Source Heat Pumps• Geoexchange

Example – A mini-mart• Trading heating and cooling• Works anywhere

Example – A Utah dairy• Powerful heating and chilling – Better milk

Solar• 1 MWc - Even West of the Cascades

• 30 MWc - California

• 700 MWc – Germany – Equal or worse than Forks, WA

• From Erector Set to Plug and Play

• Off-grid - the least cost choice

• WA feed-law payments & net metering

• Zero Energy Homes

• Northwest Solar Center

Solar Price History

HydropowerCurrent status – Approx 70% of WA power

• Provides a core of cheap regional power• Major economic base• Huge offset to fossil energy• We trade hydropower with power from Southwest

Future – Including coastal Washington• Low-impact and run of the river• Turbine redesigns

Ocean Wave/TidalA forgotten renewable resource – Until now

• Now emerging – World market options• Mainly at research and demonstration stage• Coastal WA has this resource – 45 to 60 degrees

lattitude• 1 MWc proposed near Neah Bay• Snohomish PUD/Tacoma Power considering tidal

options – 8 FERC permits• How Much? – Unknown• Environmentally benign

Bioenergy – Variety of technologies

Biopower/biogas - 370 MWc • Boilers/Anaerobic Digestion/gasifiers

• Hog fuel in forest products

Biofuels - Development 16.5 % ethanol, 30% biodiesel

• Biodiesel – 21.5 mg/yr on-line

• Cellulosic ethanol - Our future big opportunity

Bioproducts• A wide variety under development

• The key to economics and business plans

Renewables – Good News

• Wind – WA 818 MW on-line – The wind boom continues

• Geothermal – Ground source heat pumps anywhere

• Solar – Net metering law and tax credit payments

• Hydro – Two-thirds of Washington’s power

• Ocean Wave/tidal – 1 MWc proposed tidal project

• Bioenergy – Many developments

• Price is dropping and the technology keeps developing

• Renewables – alternative to fossil fuels

Bioenergy Focus

• National – Research, development and demonstration effort

• Regional activity – Pacific Northwest feedstocks• Unique fit among renewables• Opportunity knocks

Biofuels Ethanol – 16.5% motor gasoline

• 447 MG/yr in permitting/development stage• Current supply is mainly Mid-West (corn-based)• Pulp & paper mills – Fermenting those pesky sugars

Biodiesel – 30% middle distillates• 300 MG/yr in permitting/development/on-line • A Northwest advantage – mustard, canola, etc.• IF, Co-products are needed for economics• Agronomy needs significant work for all climates

BioOil• Pyrolysis (heat and pressure)

Biopower/Biogas

Combined heat and power – Current practiceAnaerobic digestion

• Blend of proven technology and new ideas• Economics require multiple revenue streams• Solves other problems (odor and ground water)

Methane to natural gas• Takes further scrubbing/processing• Demonstration level of technology

Gasifiers – FruitSmart

Bioproducts/Biorefinery

Wide variety of products• Glycerol to antifreeze• Activated carbon from wheat straw• Biopesticides from mustard/rapeseed meals

Biorefinery• Pulp and paper – Agenda 2020• Vision – An alternative to the oil refinery

New value-added productsPinnings at Collins-Pine - $1 million in new revenue

Washington Biomass Inventory and Bioenergy Assessment

• The best inventory and assessment in the nation• 45 sustainable feedstocks inventoried• 16.9 million tons of dry underutilized biomass• 1,769 MWc of potential power• 2 million tons – 6 coastal counties forestry residual flows• www.pacificbiomass.org has an interactive map and

database• Healthy forest, fire reduction – 3 to 13 million tons more

Forest Biomass Totals (tons/yr residue)

Forest power production potential

Pacific Regional Biomass Energy Program

• The states of AK, HI, ID, MT, OR & WA in partnership with U.S. Department of Energy

• Each partner has expertise and functions as a multi-state team

• Website is www.pacificbiomass.org

Largest Extension-Based Energy Program in the Country

Staff of 60

EngineersEnergy specialistsScientistsWeb and graphicsOther professionals

$6-7 million annual budget

Technical Expertise

• Energy efficiency engineering• Building sciences and standards• Renewable resources• District heating/utilities and distributed

generation/combined heat & power • Federal Energy Management

Program support• Climate change• Agricultural Energy • Energy supply and consumption data• Program research and evaluation

Outreach and Implementation

• One-on-one technical consultations and audits• Education and training• Clearinghouse services• Publication research, development and distribution• Energy library • Website development and maintenance• Software development, distribution and support• Resource Efficiency Management• Industries of the Future outreach• Participation on regional and national advisory and

technical committees