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DAVAO CITY
September 3, 2019
Grand Regal Hotel, Davao City
2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey
Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Profiles of the Households and Individual Members
Socioeconomic Status
• refers to the social standing or class of an individualor group. It is often measured as a combination ofeducation, income and occupation.
Adapted from APA’s Socioeconomic Status Office publications
https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications
Operational DefinitionsWealth Index• The wealth index is a composite measure of a
household's cumulative living standard. The wealthindex is calculated by principal component analysisusing data on household’s ownership of selectedassets, materials used for housing construction andtypes of water access and sanitation facilities.
Wealth Index• The wealth index categorizes the households into 5
wealth quintiles , allowing us to see how the commonhealth and nutrition indicators differs between thepoor and non-poor.
• For the provincial and HUCs estimates, wealth statusare classified as poor for the bottom 30% of theincome group and the non-poor for the upper 30%.
Operational DefinitionsHighest Educational Attainment*• refers to the highest grade/year of formal schooling completed by each member of the household and not the
total years attended• Regrouped into:a) none - no grade completedb) elementary level - the stage of formal education concerned with providing the first six years of basic education.c) secondary level - the stage of formal education following the elementary level concerned primarily with
continuing basic education and expanding it to include the learning of employable gainful skills, usuallycorresponding to four years of high school
d) college level - the stage of formal education following the secondary level covering non-degree programs thathave varying duration for three months to three years, concerned primarily with developing strong andappropriately trained middle-level skilled manpower possessing capabilities supportive of nationaldevelopment.
e) others - Alternative Learning System, SPED , Arabic Schooling
* Phil. Standard Classification of Education (PSCEd)
Operational DefinitionsOccupation
• The occupation of each individual members of thehousehold, 10 years old and above in the past 6 months
• 2012 Philippine Standard Occupational Codes (PSOC) isa statistical classification of the different occupationalgroups of the working population, including the militarywork force in the country
Sociodemographic Profile• refers to groupings or categories created commonly used
to describe certain population groups:a) age - refers to the exact age of each household
member as of his/her last birthdayb) sex - refers to the sex of the household member as
males and females c) type of residence - urban-rural classification
d) Civil status - status of an individual in relation to marriage and classified as:
a) single - a person who has never been marriedb) married - a person who has been united in matrimony with another person of
opposite sex through a religious or civil rites. To be considered married, the coupleshould still be living together, or if living apart from each other, the separationmust only be temporary (e.g. working elsewhere, attending seminars, etc)
c) separated - a person whose partner has left permanently, with or without legal sanctions.d) widowed - a person who has been married before, whether formally or
consensually but his/her partner has died and has not remarried at the time ofvisit.
e) common law/live-in – those who live together consensually with another ashusband or wife
Operational Definitions
Operational Definitions
Household• an aggregate of persons, generally but not necessarily
bound by ties of kinship, who sleep in the same housing
unit and have a common arrangement for the
preparation and consumption of food.
Operational DefinitionsHousehold Head• person who generally provides the chief source
of income for the household unit• adult person, male or female, who is responsible
for the organization and care of the household or who is regarded as such by the members of the household
Davao City
Profile of Households
Household Size
Mean 4.3
More than 5
members22.6% 47.3%
Sex of Household Members
Male Female52.7%
5 members
and below77.4%
Age groups n (%)
0-23 months 126 3.9%
24-71 months 363 11.0%
72-120 months 390 10.4%
>10-19 years 698 19.7%
20-59 years 1,747 46.9%
60 years and over 388 8.1%
Population Groups
Women of Reproductive Age
n (%)
29 3.4%
80 9.0%
802 87.6%
Profile of Household Heads
Sex
Male Female
Civil Status
78.5% 21.5% 4.47.9
15.3 13.6
58.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
Separated Single CommonLaw/Live-in
Widowed Married
Occupation
Educational Attainment
0.8
26.9
45.8
26.5
010203040506070
No education Elementarylevel
Secondarylevel
College level Others
0.0
0.32.8
3.33.3
4.54.3
14.414.2
17.819.8
15.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Special Occupations
Not classified
Clerks
Professionals
Officials of the gov't, Corporate executives, managers, supervisors
Technicians and associate prof
Craft and related traders workers
Laborers and unskilled workers
Service Workers
Plant and machine operators
Farmers, Forestry workers, Fishermen
FOOD SECURITY
“exists when all people, at all times,
have physical and economic access
to sufficient, safe and nutritious food
that meets their dietary needs and
food preferences for an active and
healthy life”.
(World Food Summit, 1996)
FOOD INSECURITY
“limited or uncertain availability of
nutritionally adequate and safe foods or
limited or uncertain ability to acquire
acceptable foods in socially acceptable
ways”
(Institute of Nutrition, 1990)
When recurrent
leads to hunger
and hunger
when prolonged
results to
malnutrition
Questionnaire
METHODOLOGY
nine-item questionnaire
based on the respondent’s perception over food
situations, resources or supply
self-reported experience in the past month
Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS)
HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY ACCESS SCALE (HFIAS)
Percentage of households by food security status: Philippines, 2015 vs. 2018
33.9
12.3
31.921.9
46.1
12.3
28.8
12.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
Food Secure Mildly FoodInsecure
Moderately FoodInsecure
Severely FoodInsecure
2015 2018
Percentage of food insecure households : 66.1% vs. 53.9%P
erc
en
tage
* *
* Significantly different at 5% level of significance
Percentage of households by food insecurity items: Philippines, 2018
Percentage of food insecure households = 53.9%
3.3
7.3
7.7
19.1
33.8
37.8
43.2
47.5
50.3
96.7
92.7
92.3
80.9
66.2
62.2
56.8
52.5
49.7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Experienced going a whole day and night without eating
Experienced going to sleep hungry
Had no food of any kind in the household
Ate a fewer meals in a day
Ate a smaller meal
Ate food they really do not want to eat
Ate just a few kinds of food
Unable to eat preferred food
Worried about foodYes No
%
Percentage of households by food security status by wealth status, household size and sex of household head:
Philippines, 2018
46.1
18.0
84.1
49.6
37.944.3
51.853.9
82.0
15.9
50.4
62.155.7
48.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
PHILIPPINES Wealth Quintile(Bottom 20%)
Wealth Quintile(Upper 20%)
1-5 members More than 5members
Male Female
Food Secure Food Insecure
Pe
rcen
tage
Wealth Status Household Size Sex of Household Head
Food Security Status
Davao City, 2018
Percentage of households by food security status:Davao City, 2018
46.1
12.3
28.8
12.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
Food Secure Mildly FoodInsecure
ModeratelyFood Insecure
Severely FoodInsecure
Philippines
%
90% Confidence Interval
LL 44.1 11.7 27.1 11.2
UL 48.0 12.9 30.5 14.4
46.8
13.6
31.3
8.3*
0
20
40
60
80
100
Food Secure Mildly FoodInsecure
ModeratelyFood Insecure
Severely FoodInsecure
Davao City
%
90% Confidence Interval
LL 43.5 11.6 28.5 6.9
UL 50.0 15.7 34.0 9.8
* p
Percentage of households by food insecurity items: Davao City, 2018
Percentage of food insecure households = 53.2%
1.8
4.7
4.9
15.5
34.4
40.0
42.8
48.4
51.8
98.2
95.3
95.1
84.5
65.6
60.0
57.2
51.6
48.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Experienced going a whole day and night without eating
Experienced going to sleep hungry
Had no food of any kind in the household
Ate a fewer meals in a day
Ate a smaller meal
Ate food they really do not want to eat
Ate just a few kinds of food
Unable to eat preferred food
Worried about foodYes No
%
Percentage of households by food security status by wealth status, household size and sex of household head:
Davao City, 2018
46.8
21.6
58.349.4
38.144.5
58.553.2
78.4
41.750.6
61.955.5
41.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
Davao City Poor Non-poor 1-5 members More than 5members
Male Female
Food Secure Food Insecure
Pe
rcen
tage
Wealth Status Household Size Sex of Household Head
*
* p
Summary
Food insecurity is higher among households:
Davao City
Poorer Households (bottom 30%)
Households with >5 members
Male headed households
Nutritional Status of Filipino Preschool-Age Children
in Davao City
Magnitude and Severity Cut-off points (WHO, 1995)
Magnitude and Severity Prevalence Group for
Wasting*
Acceptable 15%
Magnitude and
Severity
Prevalence Group
for Underweight*
Prevalence Group
for Stunting*
Low 40%
Magnitude
and Severity
Prevalence Group
for Underweight**
Low 5-9%
Medium 10-19%
High 20-39%
Very High >40%
Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight, stunted, and wasted among
children under 5 years old, and among adults, 19 years old and over, as public health problem
*Under-5 years old (0-228 months)
Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) in the Philippines and Davao City: ENNS, 2018
17.4
30.9
5.1 4.5
0
10
20
30
40
Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Davao City
19.1
30.3
5.6 4.0
0
10
20
30
40
Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Philippines
90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-
for-Height
Lower
Limit17.7 28.2 5.2 3.6
Upper
Limit20.5 32.4 6.1 4.3
90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-
for-Height
Lower
Limit13.6 26.6 3.3 2.8
Upper
Limit21.1 35.1 7.0 6.2
Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: Davao City ENNS, 2018
17.4 17.5 16.9
24.7
12.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Underweight
30.9 32.828.2
44.3
20.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Stunting
*
5.1 5.7 4.46.4
5.0
0
10
20
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Wasting
4.56.1
2.94.7 5.6
0
10
20
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Overweight-for-Height
Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: Davao City ENNS, 2018
in preschool-age children
Prevalence of anemia among preschool-age children 6 mos to 5 years old(6-71 months) in Davao City: ENNS, 2018
14.3
18.6
22.4
17.4
0
10
20
30
Philippines Davao City Male Female
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90% CI Philippines Davao City Male Female
Lower
Limit12.8 13.0 14.4 5.6
Upper
Limit15.9 24.3 30.4 29.1
PREVALENCE OF IDD AND VAD
• Urinary iodine excretion and the determination ofIDD is not covered among preschool-age children.
• Serum retinol and the determination of Vitamin Adeficiency (VAD) is in-progress.
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices
Breastfeeding Practices
Proportion of infants 0-23 months old, by breastfeeding practices
69.2
54.9 50.6
33.1
0
20
40
60
80
100
Timelybreastfeeding
initiation
Exclusivebreastfeeding
Continuedbreastfeeding
at 1 year
Continuedbreastfeeding
at 2 years
Pro
po
rtio
ns
(%)
Philippines
69.859.0
33.5 30.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
Timelybreastfeeding
initiation
Exclusivebreastfeeding
Continuedbreastfeeding
at 1 year
Continuedbreastfeeding
at 2 years
Pro
po
rtio
ns
(%)
Davao City
90% CI
Lower
Limit65.2 51.2 45.4 29.3
Upper
Limit73.1 58.5 55.9 37.0
90% CI
Lower
Limit61.1 42.7 6.0 13.7
Upper
Limit78.5 75.3 61.0 48.0
Complementary Feeding
Practices
MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY
Proportion of children 6-23 months of age
who receive foods from 4 or more food
groups (DDS > 4) of the following 7 food
groups:
Minimum Dietary
Diversity:
6. Vitamin A rich fruits &
vegetables
7. Other fruits & vegetables5. Eggs
1. Grains, roots and tubers
2. Dairy Products
3. Legumes and Nuts
4. Flesh Meat
Minimum Meal Frequency
Proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed
children 6-23 months who received solid,
semi-solid, or soft foods consumed at the
minimum number of times per day
Defined as:
2x for breastfed infants 6-8 months old
3x for breastfed children 9-23 months old
4x for non-breastfed children 6-23 months old
Minimum
Meal
Frequency:
Minimum Acceptable Diet
Proportion of children 6-23 months
meeting both the minimum dietary diversity
and the minimum meal frequency to
ensure both dietary and nutrient adequacy.
Minimum
Acceptable
Diet:
Proportion of children 6-23 months, by complementary feeding practices
31.9
98.6
18.9
0
20
40
60
80
100
Minimum DietaryDiversity
Minimum MealFrequency
MinimumAcceptable Diet
Pro
po
rtio
ns
(%)
Davao City
23.0
89.0
13.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
Minimum DietaryDiversity
Minimum MealFrequency
MinimumAcceptable Diet
Pro
po
rtio
ns
(%)
Philippines
90% CI
Lower Limit 21.1 87.6 12.4
Upper Limit 24.9 90.4 14.4
90% CI
Lower Limit 24.3 97.1 12.4
Upper Limit 39.4 100.2 25.4
*
Summary• Underweight and stunting prevalence are of “medium and high” public
health concern among preschool-age children.• Wasting prevalence among preschool-age is still within the acceptable
range at
Nutritional Status of Filipino School-Age Children
Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10 years old in the Philippines and Davao City: ENNS 2018
23.3 25.7
7.2
14.5
0
10
20
30
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Davao City
24.9 24.6
7.611.6
0
10
20
30
Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Philippines
90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese
Lower
Limit23.1 22.8 7.2 10.4
Upper
Limit26.8 26.5 7.9 12.9
90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight
& Obese
Lower
Limit19.1 21.2 5.7 11.2
Upper
Limit27.4 30.2 8.8 17.7
Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City ENNS, 2018
23.3 24.8 21.125.8
20.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Underweight
25.7 25.2 26.3
36.0
19.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Stunting
*
7.2 7.2 7.55.4 6.5
0
10
20
30
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Wasting
14.5 14.3 14.7
7.3
19.5
0
10
20
30
All Male Female Poor Non-Poor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Overweight & Obese
Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children 5 to 10 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City ENNS, 2018
*
in school-age children
Prevalence of anemia among school-age children (6 to 12 years old) in Davao City: ENNS, 2018
13.5
10.6 9.7 10.3
0
10
20
30
Philippines Davao City Male Female
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90%
CIPhilippines Davao City Male Female
Lower
Limit11.8 7.0 5.4 4.0
Upper
Limit15.2 14.1 14.0 16.6
Iodine Status among School-age children
in Davao City
11.5
7.5
5.0
11.0
0
10
20
Philippines Davao City Male Female
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90%
CIPhilippines Davao City Male Female
Lower
Limit10.3 3.8 1.4 4.6
Upper
Limit12.7 11.3 8.6 17.4
180 182
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Philippines Davao City
Me
dia
n
90% CI Philippines Davao City
Lower
Limit177.6 163.9
Upper
Limit183.2 200.0
*Iodine Intake
Summary• Underweight and stunting among school children are of public health
problem with mild and moderate severity, respectively.• Overweight has emerged to be a growing problem among school-age
children.• Anemia prevalence is a public health problem with mild to moderate
severity.• Iodine intake of school-age children is adequate based on median urinary
iodine excretion though there still a proportion with low iodine level.
Nutritional Status of Filipino Adolescents
Nutritional Status of Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
26.3
11.3 11.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Stunting Wasting Overweight/obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES
26.7
9.0 11.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Stunting Wasting Overweight/Obese
DAVAO CITY
90% CI
LL 24.7 10.5 10.7
UL 28.0 12.1 12.5
90% CI
LL 22.1 6.3 8.0
UL 31.4 11.6 13.9
Prevalence of Stunting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
26.723.6
29.4
38.7
23.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
All Male Female Poor NonPoor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
Prevalence of Wasting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
9.0 9.9 8.19.3
8.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
All Male Female Poor NonPoor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
11.0
14.0
8.4
5.6
13.1
0
5
10
15
20
All Male Female Poor NonPoor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
76.382.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
Philippines Davao City
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90% CI
LL 74.8 77.4
UL 77.7 87.0
Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
82.275.1
88.482.7 84.2
0
20
40
60
80
100
All Male Female Poor NonPoor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
4.0
2.5
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Philippines Davao City
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90% CI
LL 3.7 1.3
UL 4.4 3.6
*
Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
-
2.5
4.9
0.4
3.7
1.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
All Male Female Poor NonPoor
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
*
Proportion of current drinkers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
16.814.8
0
5
10
15
20
Philippines Davao City
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90% CI
LL 15.2 12.7
UL 18.4 16.9
Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
8.19.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
Philippines Davao City
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90% CI
LL 7.4 3.5
UL 8.8 16.2
Significance Mild Low to Mild
Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old by sex: Davao City, 2018
9.9 9.6 10.4
0
5
10
15
20
All Male Female
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
Summary• About 1 in every 4 adolescents in Davao City are stunted; those
belonging to poor households have significantly higher prevalence than
those in non-poor households
• Adolescents belonging to non-poor households have significantly
higher prevalence of overweight and obese than those in the poor
households
• Majority of adolescents were insufficiently physically inactive
Summary• A small proportion of adolescents in Davao City were found to be
current smokers but this is significantly lower than the national
estimate.
• About 1 in every 10 adolescents in Davao City were anemic and tends
to be higher than the national estimate, though not statistically
significant.
Nutrition Situation of Women of Reproductive Age in Davao City
DAVAO CITY
6.0
37.5
01020304050
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
CED Overweight and Obese
Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesity among non-pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old, 2018
PHILIPPINES
7.8
35.3
01020304050
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)CED Overweight and Obese
90% CI CED Overweight and Obese
Lower Limit 4.4 35.1
Upper Limit 7.5 40.0
90% CI CED Overweight and Obese
Lower Limit 7.3 33.7
Upper Limit 8.3 36.9
Proportion of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women: Davao City, 2018
20.117.0
0
10
20
30
Philippines Davao City
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90% CI LL 17.5 3.2
UL 22.8 30.8
DAVAO CITY
8.1
34.8
01020304050
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
CED Overweight and Obese
Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and overweight/obesityamong lactating mothers, 2018
PHILIPPINES
11.0
28.5
01020304050
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)CED Overweight and Obese
90% CI CED Overweight and Obese
Lower Limit 1.4 24.4
Upper Limit 14.8 45.2
90% CI CED Overweight and Obese
Lower Limit 9.5 26.1
Upper Limit 12.5 30.9
11.6 12.514.4
31.0
010203040
Philippines Davao CityPre
vale
nce
(%
) Non- Preg/Lact Lactating
90% CI NPNL Lactating
Lower Limit 11.0 12.5
Upper Limit 12.3 16.3
90% CI NPNL Lactating
Lower Limit 9.5 15.1
Upper Limit 15.5 47.0
Prevalence of anemia among lactating mothers and non-pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old:
Davao City, 2018
Median urinary iodine excretion (UIE ) among lactating mothers and non-pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old :
Davao City, 2018
90% CI NPNL Lactating
Lower Limit 167.9 98.5
Upper Limit 172.1 106.5Iodine Intake
11.3 12.321.2 26.7
01020304050
Philippines Davao CityPre
vale
nce
(%
)Non- Preg/Lact Lactating
90% CI NPNL Lactating
Lower Limit 10.7 19.7
Upper Limit 12.0 22.8
90% CI NPNL Lactating
Lower Limit 8.7 12.4
Upper Limit 15.8 41.1
Prevalence of UIE below 50ug/L among lactating mothers and non- pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old: Davao City, 2018
SUMMARY
• 1 in every 3 non- pregnant/non-lactating women, and lactating mothers wereoverweight/obese in Davao City.
• Proportion of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women in Davao City is not significantly differentfrom national prevalence at about 1 in every 5.
• Anemia tends to be higher among non-pregnant/non-lactating and lactating women inDavao City than the national estimate.
• There exist a mild iodine deficiency among lactating women in Davao City based on medianUIE.
Health and Nutritional Status ofFilipino Adults
DAVAO CITY
Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency
and Overweight and Obesity among Adults,
20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018
13.9 13.2 12.3 11.6 10.0 10.0 10.38.0
16.620.2
24.026.6
28.431.1 31.1
37.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
° Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points
Nutritional Status of Adults, 20-59 years old:
Philippines, 2015 and 2018
9.0
24.7
7.26.9
28.8
9.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chronic EnergyDeficient
Overweight Obese
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2015 2018
***
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
° Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points
Nutritional Status of Adults, 20 to 59 years old:
Philippines and Davao City, 2018
6.9
28.8
9.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chronic EnergyDeficiency
Overweight Obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
PHILIPPINES
4.6
33.4
10.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chronic EnergyDeficiency
Overweight Obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
DAVAO CITY
90%
CI
LL 6.6 28.4 9.3
UL 7.1 29.2 9.9
90%
CI
LL 3.7 31.2 8.9
UL 5.5 35.5 11.5
**
4.66.4
3.5 3.9 4.3
0
5
10
15
20
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
3.75.3
0
5
10
15
20
Male Female
Chronic Energy Deficiency among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
8.1
3.0
0
5
10
15
20
Poor Non-Poor** significantly different at 10% level of significance
33.4
22.9
33.4
41.1 39.7
10.26.7
9.4
14.712.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
31.734.5
7.6
12.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Male Female
Overweight and Obesity among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
23.2
37.5
6.2
11.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
Poor Non-Poor
■ Overweight ■ ObeseDifferent letters represent significant difference between
groups at 10% level of significance
(a)
(b)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(b)
Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist
Circumference (WC)° among Adults, 20 years old
and above: Philippines, 2003-2018
2.4 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.0 3.9
17.019.0 19.9
23.1
18.5
23.5
0
10
20
30
40
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
Male Female
° High WC is ≥102 cm (>40in) for males or ≥88 cm (>34in) for females
12.1 11.16.9 8.0 7.1 8.3
54.8
65.5 62.5 63.257.9
63.7
0
20
40
60
80
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
Male Female
*
*
Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist-Hip Ratio
(WHR)° among Adults, 20 years old and above:
Philippines, 2003-2018
° High WHR is ≥1.00 for males or ≥0.85 for females
Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among
Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
13.5
35.3
0
20
40
60
80
100
High WaistCircumference
High Waist-HipRatio
Pre
vale
nce (
%) PHILIPPINES
90%
CI
LL 13.2 34.9
UL 13.8 35.7
13.5
36.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
High WaistCircumference
High Waist-HipRatio
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) DAVAO CITY
90%
CI
LL 12.1 33.6
UL 15.0 39.6
13.5
5.6
13.6
17.820.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
4.0
21.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Male Female
High Waist Circumference among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
10.4
15.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Poor Non-Poor* ** significantly different at 10% level of significance
Prevalence of Anemia among Adults°, 20-59 years old, by sex,
place of residence and wealth status: Philippines, 2018
9.3
6.0
12.7
8.3
5.2
11.2
0
5
10
15
ALL Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) 2013 2018
9.07.6
0
5
10
15
Rural Urban
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
9.0 8.6 8.5 8.27.1
0
5
10
15
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2013 2018
° excluding pregnant or lactating women
Prevalence of Anemia among Adults°,
20-59 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
8.3
0
5
10
15
20
Anemia
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
PHILIPPINES
90%
CI
LL 7.7
UL 9.0
9.4
6.2
12.3
0
5
10
15
20
Anemia Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
DAVAO CITY
90%
CI
LL 7.2
UL 11.5
° excluding pregnant or lactating women
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Trends in the Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure°
among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018
22.021.0
22.525.3
22.323.9
19.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Pre
vale
nce (
%)
° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement,systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or adiastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher (JNC VII, 2004)
Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults,
20-59 years old, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
20.8
9.1
16.7
28.3
36.3
16.0
5.5
11.7
22.2
30.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) 2015 2018
25.3
16.920.2
12.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2015 2018
*
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
* * * * **2013 2018
Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults,
20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
90% CILL 15.6 14.6
UL 16.4 18.6
16.0 16.6
0
5
10
15
20
Philippines Davao City
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
16.6
5.6
13.2
24.6
30.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
21.8
12.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Male Female
Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
16.4 16.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Poor Nonpoor** significantly different at 10% level of significance
3.4
4.85.6 7.9
2.7
4.3
8.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
High FBS: ≥126 mg/dL
Impaired blood sugar: 110-125 mg/dL
Trend in the Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar
among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 2003-2018
High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults,
20-59 years old, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
4.7
1.0
3.2
6.3
10.6
6.7
1.6
4.7
8.6
12.9
0
5
10
15
20
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2013 2018
5.1 4.3
6.8 6.6
0
5
10
15
20
Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2013 2018
*
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
*
2013 2018
*
Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults,
20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
90% CILL 6.2 3.6
UL 7.2 5.9
6.74.8
0
5
10
15
20
Philippines Davao City
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
*
4.8
1.5
3.7
7.6 7.3
0
5
10
15
20
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
5.54.3
0
5
10
15
20
Male Female
High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group and sex: Davao City, 2018
Current Smoking° among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1998-2018
32.7 34.8 31.0
25.423.3
20.7
0
10
20
30
40
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) or on aregular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)
- World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.
Current Smoking among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and place of residence:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
*
24.0 25.0 23.9 23.4 23.621.5 22.0 22.5 20.3 20.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2015 2018
44.5
6.3
41.33
5.77
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2015 2018
2015 2018
*
Proportion of Current Smokers among Adults,
20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
90% CILL 20.7 17.0
UL 22.4 19.3
21.518.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Philippines Davao City
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
*
18.213.9
24.4
17.2 16.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
39.6
3.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
Male Female
Current Smoking among Adults, 20-59 years old,
by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
26.5
14.9
0
10
20
30
40
50
Poor Non-Poor* ** significantly different at 10% level of significance
55.7 55.2 57.1 54.7 55.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
64.4
31.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Male Female
Pro
po
rtio
n (%
)
Binge Drinking° among currently drinking Adults,
20-59 years old, in the past 30 days,
by age group and sex: Philippines, 2018
° Drinking 5 or more standard drinks in a row for men or4 or more standard drinks in a row for women in thepast 30 days
*
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently drinking
Adults, 20-59 years old, in the past 30 days:
Philippines and Davao City, 2018
90% CILL 53.3 38.5
UL 58.1 45.2
55.7
41.9
0
20
40
60
80
Philippines Davao City
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
41.9 39.5 42.3 38.7
52.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
53.8
17.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Male Female
Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently
drinking Adults, 20-59 years old, in the past 30 days,
by age group, sex and wealth status: Davao City, 2018
42.7 41.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Poor Non-Poor*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
Physical Inactivity° among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and place of residence:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
40.745.0
40.237.3 38.9
40.645.7
40.337.0 37.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
2015 2018
28.0
51.6
32.9
46.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Male Female
Pro
port
ion (
%)
2015 2018
2015 2018
° A person not meeting any of the following criteria: 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week
- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.
Proportion of Physically Inactive Adults,
20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
90% CILL 38.1 38.7
UL 43.1 46.3
40.6 42.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Philippines Davao City
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
Physical Inactivity° among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex and wealth status:
Davao City, 2018
° A person not meeting any of the following criteria: 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week
- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.
42.548.8
39.442.8
36.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
36.4
46.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Male Female
35.3
46.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Poor Non-Poor** significantly different at 10% level of significance
Summary (Adults) Chronic energy deficiency is significantly lower
than the Philippine estimate, especially in adults
coming from the poor households.
Overweight and obesity, including android obesity
(high WC and WHR) have emerged to be a growing
problem in Davao City.
Anemia is of “mild” public health significance and is more
prevalent among women
Raised blood pressure increased with age and
significantly higher in men.
Summary (Adults) High fasting blood sugar is significantly lower
than the national prevalence.
Current smokers in Davao City is significantly
lower than the national proportion and is more
common among men.
Proportion of binge drinkers among current drinkers is
significantly lower in Davao City.
Physically inactive adults are slightly higher than the
national estimates, particularly among women.
Health and Nutritional Status of Filipino Elderly
DAVAO CITY
Nutritional Status of the Elderly,
60 years old and above: Philippines, 2018
17.221.3
4.8
13.4
24.7
6.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Chronic Energy Deficient Overweight Obese
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2015 2018
* *** significantly different at 5% level of significance
Chronic Energy Deficiency among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
13.411.4
0
10
20
30
Philippines Davao City
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
90% CILL 12.9 7.7
UL 14.0 15.2
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Elderly,
60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
24.7
6.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Overweight Obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
PHILIPPINES
21.3
9.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
Overweight Obese
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
DAVAO CITY
90%
CI
LL 23.9 5.9
UL 25.5 6.8
90%
CI
LL 16.8 7.1
UL 25.9 11.5
*
* significantly different at 10% level of significance
3.3 3.5 2.9 2.7
4.8 5.0 4.9
0.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & over
Pre
vale
nce (
%) 2015 2018
2.1
4.7
2.7
7.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
Rural Urban
2015 2018
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
*2015 2018
High Waist Circumference among Elderly MALES,
60 years old and above, by age group and place
of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
22.224.2
20.015.8
27.925.8
23.820.6
0
10
20
30
40
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & above
Pre
vale
nce (
%)
2015 2018
16.1
28.2
21.6
34.5
0
10
20
30
40
Rural Urban
2015 2018
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
2015 2018
* * *
High Waist Circumference among Elderly FEMALES,
60 years old and above, by age group, and
place of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly MALES,
60 years old and above, by age group and place of
residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
12.8 13.5 11.9
8.7
15.9 16.4 16.0
9.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
2015 2018
9.4
16.6
11.4
21.9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Rural Urban
2015 2018
2015 2018
High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly FEMALES,
60 years old and above, by age group and place
of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
64.1 67.2 59.9 55.6
72.0 73.8 69.7 65.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%) 2015 2018
57.9
70.066.577.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
Rural Urban
2015 2018
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
* ** * * *
2015 2018
Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among
Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
17.8
47.7
0
20
40
60
80
100
High WaistCircumference
High Waist-Hip Ratio
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
PHILIPPINES
15.4
46.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
High WaistCircumference
High Waist-Hip Ratio
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
DAVAO CITY
90% CILL 17.1 46.7
UL 18.6 48.690% CI
LL 12.4 41.6
UL 18.3 51.5
Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old and above, by sex,
place of residence, and wealth status: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
20.823.0
19.120.223.3
17.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
ALL Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2013 2018
21.718.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Rural Urban
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
24.121.1 21.8
16.8 17.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2018
2018
2013 2018
Prevalence of Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old
and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
20.222.2
0
10
20
30
40
Philippines Davao City
Pre
vale
nce (
%)
90% CILL 17.7 16.3
UL 22.8 28.1
Prevalence of UIE below 50 µg/L among the Elderly, 60 years old and above, by
sex, place of residence and wealth status: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
35.332.2
25.320.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Rural Urban
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) 2013 2018
37.9 37.4 34.9 33.2
25.930.6
24.6 24.818.7 18.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2013 2018
33.829.8
36.9
23.3 22.4 24.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
ALL Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2013 2018
* * * *
* * *
* significantly
different at
5% level of
significance
Percent distribution of UIE values among the Elderly,
60 years old and above: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
15.018.8
24.027.6
8.95.8
7.8
15.5
23.8
30.4
12.99.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Median UIE and Prevalence of UIE below 50 µg/L among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
108.0 101.0
0
50
100
150
200
Philippines Davao City
Med
ian
UIE
(m
cg/L
)
23.3 26.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
Philippines Davao City
Pre
vale
nce
(%
)
90%
CI
LL 105.2 86.0
UL 110.3 116.690% CI
LL 20.4 19.6
UL 26.3 33.3
*Iodine Intake
41.2 40.6 42.7 40.6
35.0 33.837.1 36.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2015 2018
40.8 41.536.8
33.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2015 2018
* * **
Elevated Blood Pressure° among the ELDERLY, 60 years old and above, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
* significantly different at 5% level of significance
*
2015 2018
° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement, systolic blood pressureof 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher- 7th Joint National Committee on detection and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC VII, 2004)
High Fasting Blood Sugar among the ELDERLY,
60 years old and above, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2013 vs 2018
11.012.5
9.2
6.4
13.815.3
11.8
5.9
0
5
10
15
20
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & above
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2013 2018
10.611.4
13.8 13.9
0
5
10
15
20
Male Female
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
)
2013 2018
2013 2018
Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and High Fasting Blood Sugar
among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
35.0
13.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
Elevated BloodPressure
High Fasting BloodSugar
Pre
vale
nce (
%) PHILIPPINES
90%
CI
LL 33.7 12.2
UL 36.2 15.5
38.5
12.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Elevated BloodPressure
High Fasting BloodSugar
Pre
va
len
ce
(%
) DAVAO CITY
90%
CI
LL 32.4 6.4
UL 44.6 17.6
19.2 21.217.0
11.816.3 18.8
12.69.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
ALL 60-69y 70-79 y 80y & over
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%) 2015 2018
32.0
9.4
28.2
7.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
Male Female
Pro
po
rtio
n (%
)
2015 2018
Current Smoking° among the ELDERLY,
60 years old and above, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
*
* significantly different at
5% level of significance
2015 2018
° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day)or on a regular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)
- World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.
*
52.6
45.1
61.8
77.6
50.645.4
56.6
70.6
0
20
40
60
80
ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over
Pro
port
ion (
%)
2015 2018
42.9
59.9
44.7
55.0
0
20
40
60
80
Male Female
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
2015 2018
Physical Inactivity among the ELDERLY,
60 years old and above, by age group and sex:
Philippines, 2015 vs 2018
2015 2018
16.3
50.6
0
20
40
60
80
Current Smokers Physically Inactive
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
PHILIPPINES
12.6
53.3
0
20
40
60
80
Current Smokers Physically Inactive
Pro
po
rtio
n (
%)
DAVAO CITY
90%
CI
LL 15.5 48.5
UL 17.1 52.7
90%
CI
LL 9.7 47.1
UL 15.6 59.5
Proportion of Current Smokers and Physically Inactive Elderly,
60 years old and above: Philippines and Davao City, 2018
Summary (Elderly) Chronic energy deficiency is slightly lower in Davao City
compared with the national estimate. While overweight
including android obesity (high WC and WHR) are
essentially the same. Obesity is significantly higher in
Davao City.
Anemia is of “mild” public health significance.
Iodine intake based on median UIE is adequate, but still
pockets of IDD exist among the elderly.
Summary (Elderly) About 4 in every 10 elderly (38.5%) had elevated blood
pressure. This is slightly higher compared with the
Philippine estimate. High fasting blood sugar is also
significantly lower.
Smoking is lower in Davao City compared with the
national estimate.
About half (53.3%) of the elderly in Davao City are
physically inactive.
Davao_SES_FS_0902019 - cleared_CAD_091819Davao City_Children, adolescents, WRA_cleared_CAD_091819DAVAO CITY Dissemination ADULTS & elderly presentation_cleared_CAD091819