Date: October 27, 2015Aim #21: What functions do proteins serve to living organisms?

HW:1) Castle Learning2)Guided Reading 2-3 due day of test3)Biochemistry Test- Thursday 10/29 & Friday 10/30 (day of double period)

4)Quarterly Exam- next Thursday 11/5 & Friday 11/6 (day of double period)

Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook

Date Title of Activity Page #10/27 Lipids 36

What is another category of organic molecules?

Proteins

1) Proteins have many functions:

Proteins are enzymes,found in cell membrane,make up antibodies, andmuch more

2) What are the building blocks of proteins?

Proteins are made up of polymers of amino acids

Each amino acid monomer, consists of a centralcarbon atom bonded to 4 partners.

3) The four parts of an amino acid:

1)Backbone- the carbon hydrogen bond2)Carboxyl Group (COOH)- a group with acidic properties.3) Amine Group (NH2)- a group with basic properties4) R-Group- distinguishes one amino acid from another (there are 20 R-groups & 20 amino acids)

4) What are Functional Groups:

Carboxyl groups and amino groups are classifiedas Functional Groups.

Functional Groups are groups of atoms thatinteract with other atoms/molecules inpredictable ways

5) How many amino acids are there?

There are only 20 aminoacids, but there are millions of different types of proteins.

6) How do we build proteins?

The functional groups of proteins interact with eachother to form polymers of amino acids (proteins).

DehydrationSynthesis

A PEPTIDE BOND is formed

7) What are Polypeptides?

Polypeptides are chains of amino acids

Proteins are long chains of polypeptides

8) What determines protein shape?

1)The sequence (order) of amino acids in a protein determine its shape

2) The shape of a protein determines its activity

9) What are the four levels of protein structure?

a) Primary Structure- sequence of amino acids

b) Secondary Structure- coiling or folding of polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonding

c) Tertiary Structure- 3-D structure of polypeptide chain secured by several different interactions

d) Quaternary Structure- consists of more than one amino acid chain

10) What does Denaturation mean?

An unfavorable change intemperature, pH, or someother quality of the environment can cause aprotein to unravel andlose its normal shape

Denatured proteins do not function properly!

11) What are types of proteins in our bodies?

a) Antibodies- defend body against disease

11) What are types of proteins in our bodies?

b) Collagen-most abundant protein in mammals

– Main component of connective tissue– Supports most tissues and gives cell

structure from the outside– Main component of cartilage,

ligaments, tendons, bones, and teeth– Gives skin strength and elasticity– Strengthens blood vessels– Used in cosmetic surgery and burn

treatment

11) What are types of proteins in our bodies?

c) Hemoglobin- carries oxygen in our blood

11) What are types of proteins in our bodies?

d) Cell Receptors- involved in cell communication

11) What are types of proteins in our bodies?

e) Enzymes- control metabolic activities

11) What types of proteins are in our bodies?

f) Hormones

Example: – insulin-decreases blood sugar

level by making cells take in glucose