Date: 1 October2013

Meeting: Concertation meeting VRA

Speaker and organisation: Maarten Oonk, TNO

[ Roadmap Automation in Road Transport

[ Purpose of the WG Automation

“The mission of the working group on automation is

to identify how automation and its subsequent

applications can help to improve efficient, clean,

safe and reliable road transport now and in the

future and what is needed to foster deployment and

implementation.”

The objectives of the working group are:

“Act as a forum for understanding the current state

of the art in automation in Road Transport, explore

and promote the potential of automation and

applications for intelligent and sustainable mobility

and providing a clear direction for the challenges of

the future”

[ Roles and activities

Define roadmap Automation Organise meetings with WG Disseminate results via

various events Align with

internationalisation WG; Provide input to the tri-lateral

working group

[ Roadmap

One for urban & one for interurban scenario’s

Whole spectrum considered from driving assistance to autonomous vehicles;

Description of several functions Detailed description of relevant needs for

R&D Recommendations on R&D Recommendations on large scale piloting

5

Activity TRL 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Regulation and standards

Scientific research 1

Technological research

2 / 3 / 4

Industrialisation 8 / 9

Pilot / large scale demonstrator

5 / 6 / 7

Traffic Jam Assistant

AEBS

CA-BS

Full AutomationDynamic Speed

adaptation

Co-operative mobility -Supervised Automated

Driving

Interactive

SOA

SOA

SOA

Mile-stone 2

Mile-stone 3

Mile-stone 1

Mile-stone 2

Mile-stone 2

Energy Efficiency Intersection Control

Urban platooning

Automated Intersection

Cooperative transport systems for smart

mobility

Dynamic SpeedAdaptation

Cooperative Systems for energy efficient and sustainable mobility

Full Automation

Cooperative transport systems for smart

mobility 2

Automated intersection

Mile-stone 3

Mile-stone 3

Interconnected trafficUrban Automated traffic

Collaborative Automation

Automated safety

[ ROADMAP

6

Use case definition “Intersection assistance”Scenario: Urban Environment

Function: Intersection assistance

Automation level Driver assistance

Description: This function enables drivers at intersections to get direction specific or direction dependent warnings (based on the combination of position at the intersection, the indicator use, the destination (based on travnav info) etc.) for potential conflicts with other cars or users (pedestrians, cyclists) and can also control the vehicle(s) with the objective of collision avoidance if necessary.

Benefits: Increased safety and comfort for the drivers, specifically at complex and unknown intersections with lot’s of potential conflicts;

Increased safety for VRU’s Possibilities of reducing the safety margins for intersection control with the benefit of higher efficiencies Options for more adaptive traffic control based on real-time intersection specific OD information.

Value proposition: • Reduction in societal costs of traffic casualties;

• Less waiting times for drivers and smoother traffic flows  

Topic Issues & research area’s Maturity level [1-5]

Legal aspects    

Technical developments 

Reliable and real-time perception (incl. VRU detection) V2X communication Accurate digital maps Data fusion among sensors, maps and V2X communication Reliable and accurate positioning (lane level) Control/x-by-wire

3

C2C WIFI-p secure communication layer 1

Cognition & human factors

User – center design (applicable for all automation levels) Management of the interaction between the driver and the vehicle (interaction strategies) Maintain the driver’s workload in an optimal level (automation has dual effects on mental workload and may lead to both underload / overload situations) – definition of the optimal

level & measurement procedure Over-reliance as a result of adaptation / trust Driver in the loop (applicable even in highly automation level cases), situation awareness & response time Human – machine dynamic balance for any automation level

 

Traffic management 

Crowded and congested intersection detection, collection, processing and distribution service to other cars 1

This could be a useful function for more efficient signal control at intersections due to more precise real-time information. 2

   Modeling & simulation 

I don’t see any resulting driving behaviour change that would be amenable to a new model.  

   

stakeholders 

Car industry 2

   

Development proces    

Deployment issues 

Would the drivers really bother to receive such warnings at each and every intersection?  

   

Verification & certification

   

Standardization    

security 

Major research topic, as car’s my be hijacked 1

   

[ EXAMPLE USE CASE

• Legal aspects

• Technical developments

• Perception

• Cognition & human factors

• Traffic Management

• Standardization

• Modeling & simulation

[ RESEARCH TOPICS

[Next steps

Define next milestones for automation;

Set up of 2 sub working groups on two explanatory

functions:

Platooning on e-lanes

Smart Intersection control

Describing specific use cases and defining the targeted

outcome of a project;

Concertation meeting with identified stakeholders

Publish updated version of roadmap

Scenario: Highway

Function: Platooning

Automation level Highly automated

Description: This function enables platooning in specific lane. The vehicle should be able to keep

it position in the platoon with a fixed distance or fixed time difference from the front

vehicle. The behavior of the first vehicle (e.g. braking and steering) should be

transmitted be V2V communication The function should also handle vehicle that

wants to leave the platoon.

Up scaling and deployment can be reached as follows:

1) Start with trucks as there is a strong financial incentive due to 10% to 15%

fuel savings

2) Start with small platoons of only 2 trucks and co-operation with fleet-

owners in high density truck area.

3) Start with a system where drivers are still in the following truck, for legal

reasons

4) Setup an (open) fleet management system for trip matching between

equipped trucks of different fleet owners

Benefits: Increased safety and comfort for the drivers.

Increased reliability

Reduced environmental impact due to less aerodynamic drag.

Reduced congestions due to better utilization of lane area.

Value proposition: Truck: Increased fuel efficiency, see peloton business case, resulting in lower

operational costs.

Passenger: TBD

Targeted outcome CSA (or included in VRA)

A support action to prepare a large scale demonstrator defining the use cases

that should be demonstrated and setting the boundary conditions for these

use cases. Use cases should cover private and commercial vehicles (bus &

trucks).

A least the following must be defined for each use case:

Legal implication and solution

V2I & V2I requirement

Forming of platoon (e.g. entering & exit of platoon, pre-trip

defined or ad-hoc. Platoons)

How to handle mixed vehicle types

Safety issues

Estimated efficiency gains and business case

Lane road requirments (e.g. dedicated lane, left or right side)

The use cases should be evaluated by all relevant stakeholders and the key

outcome should be agreement on deployment strategy as input for the large

scale demonstrator. The agreed use cases should be possible to deploy in a

2020-2022 timeframe.

Large scale project, 2015

Implementing the scenarios defined in the CSA that fulfill the pre-req

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