Datacom II REMOTE ACCESS 1 REMOTE ACCESS Lecture II

Datacom II Datacom II REMOTE ACCESSREMOTE ACCESS 11

REMOTE ACCESSLecture II

REMOTE ACCESSLecture II


REMOTE ACCESSREMOTE ACCESS

What Is It ?What Is It ?

Accessing a network from a remote locationAccessing a network from a remote location

Accessing the LAN from a remote locationAccessing the LAN from a remote location Accessing the Internet Accessing the Internet



WHY REMOTE ACCESS ?WHY REMOTE ACCESS ? E-Mail and File TransfersE-Mail and File Transfers Online transaction processing Online transaction processing Emphasis on telecommutingEmphasis on telecommuting Price reductions in portable systemsPrice reductions in portable systems Competitive PressuresCompetitive Pressures



TYPES OF REMOTE ACCESSTYPES OF REMOTE ACCESS

O N L IN E D E F E R R E D IN B O U N D O U T B O U N D

R E M O T E A C C E S S


REMOTE ACCESSREMOTE ACCESSREMOTE ACCESSREMOTE ACCESS


REMOTE ACCESS USERSREMOTE ACCESS USERS

HOME OFFICEHOME OFFICEHOME OFFICEHOME OFFICE

OUTBOUNDOUTBOUNDOUTBOUNDOUTBOUND

SOHOSOHOSOHOSOHO TRAVELLINGTRAVELLING EMPLOYEEEMPLOYEE

TRAVELLINGTRAVELLING EMPLOYEEEMPLOYEE



FUTURE ARCHITECTUREFUTURE ARCHITECTURE

Application LogicApplication LogicApplication LogicApplication Logic

Remote MiddlewareRemote MiddlewareRemote MiddlewareRemote Middleware

ISDN ADSL MODEM CABLE MODEMISDN ADSL MODEM CABLE MODEMSATELLITE WIRELESSSATELLITE WIRELESS

Remote MiddlewareRemote MiddlewareRemote MiddlewareRemote Middleware

Data ManagementData ManagementData ManagementData Management

Application LogicApplication LogicApplication LogicApplication Logic

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation

Data ManagementData ManagementData ManagementData Management

SERVERSERVER

WANWAN

MOBILE/MOBILE/ REMOTE REMOTE CLIENTCLIENT

Source:-Gartner GroupSource:-Gartner Group



FEATURES OF THE ARCHITECTUREFEATURES OF THE ARCHITECTURE

STORE AND FORWARDSTORE AND FORWARD SINGLE SESSION COMMUNICATIONSSINGLE SESSION COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK INDEPENDENCENETWORK INDEPENDENCE



BANDWIDTH DEMAND FORECASTBANDWIDTH DEMAND FORECASTFEATURE BANDWIDTH(Kbps)

Live Desktop Videoconferencing 64

Replicated Data Services 128

Dedicated Voice Channel 16

Dedicated Internet 64

Client/Server Applications 256

TOTAL DESIRED BANDWIDTH :-TOTAL DESIRED BANDWIDTH :- 528 Kbps528 Kbps




OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUESOPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES

GENERIC TECHNIQUESGENERIC TECHNIQUES LAN BASED TRAFFIC OPTIMIZATIONLAN BASED TRAFFIC OPTIMIZATION APPLICATION DRIVEN TECHNIQUESAPPLICATION DRIVEN TECHNIQUES



GROWTH IN NUMBER OF REMOTE ACCESS USERSGROWTH IN NUMBER OF REMOTE ACCESS USERS

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

3519

91

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

United StatesEuropeRest of World

No.of UsersNo.of Users(in Millions)(in Millions)

Source:Gartner GroupSource:Gartner Group



SUMMARY TILL NOW…SUMMARY TILL NOW… More than 32m remote users by 2000.More than 32m remote users by 2000. By 2001,Remote Access will be a necessity not a luxury.By 2001,Remote Access will be a necessity not a luxury. Bandwidth requirement will shoot up.Bandwidth requirement will shoot up. By, 2001 new applications for Deferred Remote Access By, 2001 new applications for Deferred Remote Access

will be written.will be written. By 2001, Remote Performance Optimization standards By 2001, Remote Performance Optimization standards

will come in place.will come in place.





TILL NOW….TILL NOW….

Older StandardsOlder Standards

V.32 V.32

V.32 bisV.32 bis

V.34V.34

V.34+V.34+

DIAL UP MODEMSDIAL UP MODEMS

V.32V.32

V.32bisV.32bis

V.34V.34

V.34+V.34+

33.6Kbps33.6Kbps

28.8Kbps28.8Kbps

14.4Kbps14.4Kbps

9600bps9600bps

300bps300bps



WHAT NOW….WHAT NOW….

Kflex 56.(Motorola)Kflex 56.(Motorola) X 2(3Com)X 2(3Com)

DIAL UP MODEMSDIAL UP MODEMS

Kflex 56Kflex 56X2X2

V.34V.34

56 Kbps56 Kbps

33.4 Kbps33.4 Kbps



THE 56K TECHNOLOGYTHE 56K TECHNOLOGY



FEATURES OF THE 56K TECHNOLOGYFEATURES OF THE 56K TECHNOLOGY SERVICES OVER REGULAR PHONE LINES.SERVICES OVER REGULAR PHONE LINES.

100% DIGITAL NETWORK EXCEPT THE LOCAL 100% DIGITAL NETWORK EXCEPT THE LOCAL LOOP.LOOP.

DOWNLOADS FROM INTERNET,CORPORATE DOWNLOADS FROM INTERNET,CORPORATE NETWORKS AT 56Kbps.NETWORKS AT 56Kbps.

BACKWARD COMPATIBLE.BACKWARD COMPATIBLE.



100% DIGITAL CONNECTION 100% DIGITAL CONNECTION EXCEPT THE LOCAL LOOP.EXCEPT THE LOCAL LOOP.

ASYMMETRICAL CONNECTION.ASYMMETRICAL CONNECTION. UPSTREAM SPEED LIMITED DUE UPSTREAM SPEED LIMITED DUE

TO A/D CONVERSION.TO A/D CONVERSION.

USE “PAM” IN DOWNSTREAM USE “PAM” IN DOWNSTREAM AND “QAM” IN UPSTREAM.AND “QAM” IN UPSTREAM.

OPTIMIZED FOR END TO END OPTIMIZED FOR END TO END ANALOG CONNECTIONS.ANALOG CONNECTIONS.

SYMMETRICAL CONNECTION.SYMMETRICAL CONNECTION. A/D CONVERSION TAKING A/D CONVERSION TAKING

PLACE AT BOTH ENDS HENCE PLACE AT BOTH ENDS HENCE LIMITING SPEED.LIMITING SPEED.

USES “QAM” IN BOTH USES “QAM” IN BOTH DIRECTIONS.DIRECTIONS.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 56K AND V.34 TECHNOLOGYDIFFERENCE BETWEEN 56K AND V.34 TECHNOLOGY



56K DIAL UP MODEM REQUIREMENTS56K DIAL UP MODEM REQUIREMENTS

DIGITAL AT ONE END.DIGITAL AT ONE END.

56K TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT AT BOTH 56K TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT AT BOTH ENDS.ENDS.

ONE ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSIONONE ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION..



DEVELOPED BY DEVELOPED BY ROCKWELL AND ROCKWELL AND LUCENT.LUCENT.

DEVELOPED BY DEVELOPED BY US ROBOTICS AND US ROBOTICS AND 3COM.3COM.

THE 56K MODEM TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIERSTHE 56K MODEM TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIERS



DISADVANTAGES OF 56K MODEMSDISADVANTAGES OF 56K MODEMS

USEFUL ONLY FOR INTERNET DOWNLOADS.USEFUL ONLY FOR INTERNET DOWNLOADS.

NO STANDARDIZATION FROM ITU-IT.NO STANDARDIZATION FROM ITU-IT.

NO VIDEOCONFERENCING AND MULTIMEDIA NO VIDEOCONFERENCING AND MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS POSSIBLE.APPLICATIONS POSSIBLE.





WHAT IS CABLE MODEM TECHNOLOGY ?WHAT IS CABLE MODEM TECHNOLOGY ?

HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSFER VIA THE HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSFER VIA THE BROADBAND CABLE TV NETWORK.BROADBAND CABLE TV NETWORK.



TYPICAL SCENARIO…..TYPICAL SCENARIO…..

TWISTED PAIRTWISTED PAIR

SERIALSERIAL CABLECABLE

COAXIAL COAXIAL CABLECABLE



WITH CABLE MODEM TECHNOLOGY….WITH CABLE MODEM TECHNOLOGY….

TWISTED PAIRTWISTED PAIR

COAXIAL COAXIAL CABLECABLE

CABLECABLE MODEMMODEM



WHAT IS A CABLE MODEM ?WHAT IS A CABLE MODEM ? ACTS AS A BRIDGE, SPANNING THE CABLE MEDIA’S ACTS AS A BRIDGE, SPANNING THE CABLE MEDIA’S

ACCESS PROTOCOL AND THE PC’S COMMUNICATION ACCESS PROTOCOL AND THE PC’S COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL.PROTOCOL.

OPERATES AT LAYER 1 AND LAYER 2.OPERATES AT LAYER 1 AND LAYER 2. HAS CONNECTORS FOR POWER,VIDEO F AND ETHERNET HAS CONNECTORS FOR POWER,VIDEO F AND ETHERNET

CONNECTOR.CONNECTOR.



CABLE TV PRIMERCABLE TV PRIMER

COAXIAL CABLES:-330Mhz or 450MHz.COAXIAL CABLES:-330Mhz or 450MHz. DOWNSTREAM VIDEO:-50Mhz-750Mhz.DOWNSTREAM VIDEO:-50Mhz-750Mhz. UPSTREAM VIDEO:-5Mhz-42Mhz.UPSTREAM VIDEO:-5Mhz-42Mhz. STANDARD TV CHANNEL OCCUPIES 6Mhz.STANDARD TV CHANNEL OCCUPIES 6Mhz. TRADITIONAL TV SYSTEM:-60 CHANNELSTRADITIONAL TV SYSTEM:-60 CHANNELS..



BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION ….BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION ….

5Mhz5Mhz42Mhz42Mhz

50Mhz50Mhz

750Mhz750Mhz



CABLE MODEM SPEEDSCABLE MODEM SPEEDS

36M b p s U S IN G 256Q A M

D O W N S T R E A M D A T A50M hz - 750M hz

500K b p s U S IN G 16Q A M 10M b p s U S IN G Q P S K

U P S T R E A M D A T A5M hz - 42M hz

S IN G L E 6M hz T V C H A N N E L



VENDOR PRODUCTDOWN-STREAM

UP-STREAM

3COM3COM CableModem

30Mbps 2.6Mbps

3COMUS RoboticsCableAccess

30MbpsTelcoReturn

Baynetworks

LANCity 10Mbps 10Mbps

CableTron CatNET 30Mbps 2.5Mbps

COM21 ComPort 30Mbps 2.6Mbps

HayesULTRACableModem

5MbpsTelcoReturn

Motorola CyberSurfer 30Mbps 768Kbps

CABLE MODEM SPEEDSCABLE MODEM SPEEDS



SERVICES PROVIDED BY CABLE MODEMSSERVICES PROVIDED BY CABLE MODEMS

INTERNET ACCESSINTERNET ACCESS

ELECTRONIC MAILELECTRONIC MAIL

REMOTE ACCESS TO CORPORATE LAN.REMOTE ACCESS TO CORPORATE LAN.

Contd….Contd….



SERVICES……SERVICES……

INTEGRATED COMPUTER/TV ACCESS.INTEGRATED COMPUTER/TV ACCESS.

BANK AT HOME SERVICES.BANK AT HOME SERVICES.

HOME ENTERTAINMENT.HOME ENTERTAINMENT.





CABLE MODEM NETWORK:-AN EXAMPLECABLE MODEM NETWORK:-AN EXAMPLE



EXPLANATION….EXPLANATION…. SuperHeadend:-Heart of the SystemSuperHeadend:-Heart of the System LCp:-Personal Cable ModemLCp:-Personal Cable Modem LCw:-Workgroup Cable Modem.LCw:-Workgroup Cable Modem. LCb:-Multiuser Cable Modem.LCb:-Multiuser Cable Modem.



CABLE MODEMS:--AVERAGE COSTCABLE MODEMS:--AVERAGE COST

M O D E M C O S T($500 - $1500)

IN T E R N E T A C C O U N TS E T U P F E E$200 - $400

F IX E D C O S T S

256K b p s:--$399/M on th512K b p s:--$599/M on th768K b p s:--$799/M on th1 .5M b p s:--$1499/M on th

B A N D W ID T H C O S T S

T O T A L C O S T



00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

425

6Kbp

s

1.54

4Mbp

sCABLE MODEMISDN

BANDWIDTH COST COMPARISONBANDWIDTH COST COMPARISON

$/Kbps$/Kbps



1. Time Warner Cable 1. Time Warner Cable 29,00029,000

2. MediaOne 17,000 2. MediaOne 17,000 14,000 14,000

3. Cox Communications 3. Cox Communications 16,00016,000

4. Rogers Cablesystems 4. Rogers Cablesystems 14,000 14,000

5. Comcast 5. Comcast 5,800 5,800

6. Videotron 6. Videotron 5,0005,000

7. Shaw Communications 7. Shaw Communications 4,500 4,500

8. COGECO8. COGECO 4,0004,000

9. Tele-Communications Inc. 9. Tele-Communications Inc. 2,4002,400

10. Adelphia 10. Adelphia 2,0002,000

11. Cablevision Systems 11. Cablevision Systems 1,400 1,400

12. Jones Intercable 12. Jones Intercable 4,0004,000

Other Other 4,0004,000

TOTAL TOTAL 111,100111,100



CABLE MODEM--SUBSCRIBER PROJECTIONSCABLE MODEM--SUBSCRIBER PROJECTIONS



CABLE MODEMS:--UNIT SALES PROJECTIONSCABLE MODEMS:--UNIT SALES PROJECTIONS



DISADVANTAGES OF CABLE MODEMSDISADVANTAGES OF CABLE MODEMS HUGE INVESTMENT BY MSO.HUGE INVESTMENT BY MSO. RELIABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM RELIABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

REQUIRED.REQUIRED. NO INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN NO INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN

DIFFERENT MODEMS.DIFFERENT MODEMS. UPSTREAM SPEEDS NOT STANDARDIZED.UPSTREAM SPEEDS NOT STANDARDIZED.



PRESENT SCENARIOPRESENT SCENARIO NO STANDARDS.NO STANDARDS. PRESENT CUSTOMERS ARE MSO’s.PRESENT CUSTOMERS ARE MSO’s. NO SUPPLIERS TO PROVIDE END NO SUPPLIERS TO PROVIDE END

TO END SOLUTIONS.TO END SOLUTIONS.



CABLE MODEMS--FUTURECABLE MODEMS--FUTURE STANDARDIZATION FOR DOWNSTREAM STANDARDIZATION FOR DOWNSTREAM

AND UPSTREAM SPEEDS.AND UPSTREAM SPEEDS. INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN DIFFERENT INTEROPERABILITY BETWEEN DIFFERENT

MODEMS.MODEMS. REDUCTION IN COSTS.REDUCTION IN COSTS. CUSTOMERS WILL BE END USERS.CUSTOMERS WILL BE END USERS. SUPPLIERS WITH END TO END SOLUTIONS.SUPPLIERS WITH END TO END SOLUTIONS.





WHAT IS ADSL ?WHAT IS ADSL ? ASYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE--- ASYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE---

A NEW MODEM TECHNOLOGYA NEW MODEM TECHNOLOGY..



ADSL FEATURESADSL FEATURES

HIGH SPEED NETWORK ACCESSIBILITY.HIGH SPEED NETWORK ACCESSIBILITY. HIGH SPEED REMOTE ACCESS.HIGH SPEED REMOTE ACCESS. VIDEO ON DEMAND.VIDEO ON DEMAND. CONSTANT CONNECTIVITY.CONSTANT CONNECTIVITY. NO NEED TO ADD NEW PHONE LINES.NO NEED TO ADD NEW PHONE LINES.



ADSL :- THE NETWORKADSL :- THE NETWORK



ADSL MODEMS ADSL MODEMS CONSISTENT WITH CONSISTENT WITH EUROPEAN AND NORTH EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN DIGITAL AMERICAN DIGITAL HIERARCHIES.HIERARCHIES.

VARIABLE DATA RATES.VARIABLE DATA RATES.

ADSL….SPEEDSADSL….SPEEDS



TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION…RequirementsTECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION…Requirements FULL USE OF COPPER LINE FREQUENCY FULL USE OF COPPER LINE FREQUENCY

SPECTRUM(1.1Mhz).SPECTRUM(1.1Mhz). ADVANCED CODING/DECODING METHOD.ADVANCED CODING/DECODING METHOD. ABILITY TO WORK WITH POTS ON SAME ABILITY TO WORK WITH POTS ON SAME

COPPER LINE.COPPER LINE. AN EFFICIENT ERROR CORRECTION CODEAN EFFICIENT ERROR CORRECTION CODE..



TECHNOLOGIES USED BY ADSLTECHNOLOGIES USED BY ADSL

CODING:--DMT OR CAPCODING:--DMT OR CAP CODE AND ERROR CORRECTIONCODE AND ERROR CORRECTION FRAMING AND SCRAMBLINGFRAMING AND SCRAMBLING



ADSL:--BANDWIDTH ALLOCATIONADSL:--BANDWIDTH ALLOCATION



ADSL:--CODING SCHEMESADSL:--CODING SCHEMES

D M TD IS C R E T E M U L T IT O N E

C A PC A R R IE R L E S S A M P L IT U D E M O D U L A T IO N

A D S L C O D IN G S C H E M E S



ADSL:--DMT CODING TECHNIQUEADSL:--DMT CODING TECHNIQUE



ADVANTAGES OF DMTADVANTAGES OF DMT

BETTER PERFORMANCEBETTER PERFORMANCE BIT RATE FLEXIBILITYBIT RATE FLEXIBILITY RESISTANCE TO IMPULSE NOISERESISTANCE TO IMPULSE NOISE ATM SUPPORTATM SUPPORT



ADSL:--DISTANCE LIMITATIONSADSL:--DISTANCE LIMITATIONS



CompanyStandard

Max.Downstream(Kbps)

Max.Upstream(Kbps)

ErrorCorrection

Alcatel DMT 6144 640 ReedSolomon

AnalogDevices

DMT 6144 224 ReedSolomon

GlobeSpan

CAP 7168 1088 ReedSolomon inD.s and 2-D,8 stateTrellis forDS andUS.

MetaLink DMT 2100 160 ReedSolomon

Motorola DMT 8000 1000 ReedSolomon

ADSL PRODUCTS FROM COMPANIESADSL PRODUCTS FROM COMPANIES



ADSL :-- WHAT IS NEEDED ?ADSL :-- WHAT IS NEEDED ?

A D S L M O D E MP O T S S P L IT T E R

U S E R

D S L A MB IL L IN G S Y S T E M

D IA G N O S T IC S ,N M S

S E R V IC E P R O V ID E R

A D S L E Q U IP M E N T F O R ...



ADSL PROVIDER IN HOUSTONADSL PROVIDER IN HOUSTON SOUTH WESTERN BELLSOUTH WESTERN BELL

TEST SITE:-SHELLTEST SITE:-SHELLSERVICES CITY USERS SPEED EQUIP.

ADSL HOUSTON 50 1.5Mbps64Kbps

AlcatelMotorola



Name Meaning Data Rate Mode ApplicationV.22V.32V.42

Voice Band Modems 1200bps to28,800 bps

Duplex Data Communications

DSL Digital Subscriber Line 160kbps Duplex ISDN Service,Voiceand Datacommunications

HDSL High data rate DigitalSubscriber line

1.544Mbps2.048mbps

Duplex T1/E1 Service,WANAccess,Server Access

SDSL Single line SubscriberLine

1.544Mbps2.048Mbps

Duplex Same as above

ADSL Asymmetric DigitalSubscriber Line

1.5 to 9Mbps16to 640kbps

DownUp

LAN Access,Video ondemand,InteractiveMultimedia

VDSL Very High Data RateDigital Subscriber Line

13to52 Mbps1.5to2.3Mbp

DownUp

Same as ADSL plusHDTV.



ADSL :-ISSUES TO BE RESOLVEDADSL :-ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED

HIGH SPEED xDSL,WHICH ONE?HIGH SPEED xDSL,WHICH ONE? LAYER 1 CAP vs DMTLAYER 1 CAP vs DMT LAYER 2 ATM vs ETHERNETLAYER 2 ATM vs ETHERNET LAYER 3 PPP OR NOT?LAYER 3 PPP OR NOT?



GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILEGLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE



OVERVIEW OF THE CELLULAR SYSTEMOVERVIEW OF THE CELLULAR SYSTEM



OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR CONCEPTOVERVIEW OF CELLULAR CONCEPT

HEXAGON GEOMETRYHEXAGON GEOMETRY EACH CELL HAS TRANSMITTEREACH CELL HAS TRANSMITTER FREQUENCY REUSEFREQUENCY REUSE HANDOFFHANDOFF



WHAT IS GSM ?WHAT IS GSM ?

A Second Generation Cellular System.A Second Generation Cellular System. First Digital Cellular System.First Digital Cellular System. Supports mobile communications in the Supports mobile communications in the

900Mhz and 1.8Ghz range.900Mhz and 1.8Ghz range.



GSM:-SERVICES AVAILABLE NOWGSM:-SERVICES AVAILABLE NOW

TELESERVICES.TELESERVICES. DATA SERVICES:Packet Switched Data DATA SERVICES:Packet Switched Data

at 300bps-9.6Kbps.at 300bps-9.6Kbps. ISDN SERVICES.ISDN SERVICES.



GSM FUTUREGSM FUTURE

H S C S DH igh S p eed C ircu it

S w itch ed D ata

G P R SG en eral P acketR ad io S erv ices

H IG H S P E E D D A T AT H R O U G H G S M



GSM-HSCSDGSM-HSCSD

High Speed Circuit Switched Data.High Speed Circuit Switched Data. Will boost user Capacity to 64Kbps.Will boost user Capacity to 64Kbps. Designed for existing Infrastructure.Designed for existing Infrastructure.



GSM-GPRSGSM-GPRS General Packet Radio ServiceGeneral Packet Radio Service Suitable for Bursty nature data Suitable for Bursty nature data

transmission.transmission. Ideal for e-mail and Database access.Ideal for e-mail and Database access. Cost effective.Cost effective. Connectivity at 64Kbps.Connectivity at 64Kbps.





GEO LEO

Revolves at a distance of22,300 above earth.

Revolve at an orbit close tothe earth.

Single satellite can coverthe earth.

Many satellites are requiredto cover the earth.

Signal delay. Negligible signal delay.

SATELLITE BASICSSATELLITE BASICS



C -B A N D (3.4G h z-7G h z)L ow T ran . P ow erC over W id e A reas

L arger R ecep tion D ish

K u -B A N D (10.7G h z-14 .5G h z)H igh er T ran .P ow erC over S m all A reas

S m all D ish

K a B A N DF ib er like S ervice20-30G h z ran ge

S A T E L L IT E B A N D S

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION BANDSSATELLITE COMMUNICATION BANDS



Applicant # of Sats Cost System CapacityAT&T (VoiceSpan) 12 confidential 100,000 386 kbps channelsLockheed Martin(Astrolink)

9 $3.75 billion 90,000 386 kbps channels

GE American(GE*Star)

9 confidential not provided

Motorola (Millenium) 4 $2.3 billion 1 million 16 kbps channelsHughes(Spaceway/Galaxy)

17 $6.2 billion 100,000 384 kbps channels or 2.4million phone calls

Morningstar 4 $847 million 600 compressed video channelsTeledesic 840 $9 billion 2 million phone callsSS/Loral (Cyberstar) 3 $1.05 billion 6.75 GHz of effective bandwidth

Echostar 2 $340 million not providedKaStar 2 $645 million 12 GHz of effective bandwidthNetSat 28 1 $250 million 500,000 1.544 Mbps channelsOrion F-7, 8, 9 3 $757 million not providedPanAmSat 10, 11 2 $409 million not providedVisionStar 1 $207.5 million 100 video channels

Applicant # of Sats Cost System CapacityAT&T (VoiceSpan) 12 confidential 100,000 386 kbps channelsLockheed Martin(Astrolink)

9 $3.75 billion 90,000 386 kbps channels

GE American(GE*Star)

9 confidential not provided

Motorola (Millenium) 4 $2.3 billion 1 million 16 kbps channelsHughes(Spaceway/Galaxy)

17 $6.2 billion 100,000 384 kbps channels or 2.4million phone calls

Morningstar 4 $847 million 600 compressed video channelsTeledesic 840 $9 billion 2 million phone callsSS/Loral (Cyberstar) 3 $1.05 billion 6.75 GHz of effective bandwidth

Echostar 2 $340 million not providedKaStar 2 $645 million 12 GHz of effective bandwidthNetSat 28 1 $250 million 500,000 1.544 Mbps channelsOrion F-7, 8, 9 3 $757 million not providedPanAmSat 10, 11 2 $409 million not providedVisionStar 1 $207.5 million 100 video channels

Ka BAND SATELLITE PROJECTSKa BAND SATELLITE PROJECTS



IRIDIUM LEO SATELLITE SYSTEMIRIDIUM LEO SATELLITE SYSTEM Motorola’s Global Mobile Satellite Project.Motorola’s Global Mobile Satellite Project. Communication System for Voice,Data Fax and Paging.Communication System for Voice,Data Fax and Paging. 66 LEO Satellites.66 LEO Satellites. Multiple Access Scheme:-FDMA/TDMA.Multiple Access Scheme:-FDMA/TDMA. Frequency Band:-Ka Band(19.4-19.6Ghz for Downloads)Frequency Band:-Ka Band(19.4-19.6Ghz for Downloads)

Ka Band(29.1-29.3Ghz for uplinks)Ka Band(29.1-29.3Ghz for uplinks)

L-Band(161Mhz)L-Band(161Mhz) Year of Operation:-1998Year of Operation:-1998



IRIDIUM SATELLITE SYSTEMIRIDIUM SATELLITE SYSTEM



THE TELEDESIC NETWORKTHE TELEDESIC NETWORK



TELEDESIC NETWORK-FEATURESTELEDESIC NETWORK-FEATURES Broadband Network of LEO Satellites.Broadband Network of LEO Satellites. 288 LEO Satellites.288 LEO Satellites. Frequency Band:--KaFrequency Band:--Ka Uplink Frequency:-18.8Ghz-19.3GhzUplink Frequency:-18.8Ghz-19.3Ghz DownLink Frequency:-28.6Ghz-29.1GhzDownLink Frequency:-28.6Ghz-29.1Ghz

Contd…..Contd…..



TELEDESIC…...TELEDESIC…... SPEEDS:-UPLINK-2MbpsSPEEDS:-UPLINK-2Mbps

Downlink-640KbpsDownlink-640Kbps Uses fast Packet Switching.Uses fast Packet Switching. Bandwidth on demand.Bandwidth on demand. Multiple access technique:-TDMAMultiple access technique:-TDMA High Mask Angle:-40High Mask Angle:-40



THE HUGHES GEO NETWORKTHE HUGHES GEO NETWORK Broadband Satellite Network using GEO.Broadband Satellite Network using GEO. 8 GEO Satellites.8 GEO Satellites. Frequency Band:-Ka(17.7Ghz-30Ghz).Frequency Band:-Ka(17.7Ghz-30Ghz). Uplink Speeds:-6Mbps.Uplink Speeds:-6Mbps. Intersatellite Links Intersatellite Links Interoperability with terrestrial networksInteroperability with terrestrial networks..



THE HUGHES NETWORK……THE HUGHES NETWORK…… Bandwidth On Demand.Bandwidth On Demand. Uses Spot Beam Technology.Uses Spot Beam Technology. Service Begins in 2001.Service Begins in 2001.





BANDWIDTH ON DEMANDBANDWIDTH ON DEMAND



VSATVSAT

Stands For Very Small Aperture Stands For Very Small Aperture Terminal.Terminal.

Satellite driven Service.Satellite driven Service. Network consists of Hubs,Outdoor Units.Network consists of Hubs,Outdoor Units.



VSAT NETWORKVSAT NETWORK



VSAT-CONFIGURATIONVSAT-CONFIGURATION



REMOTE ACCESS-FUTUREREMOTE ACCESS-FUTURE

10%5%

65%

15%5%

CABLE MODEM

ADSL

ANALOG MODEM

ISDN

SATELLITE

U.S Consumer Internet Access in 2002--Main Access MethodU.S Consumer Internet Access in 2002--Main Access Method




15%

3%

45%

27%

10%ADSLCABLE MODEMANALOG MODEMISDNSATELLITE

REMOTE ACCESS-FUTUREU.S Enterprise Remote Access in 2002-Main Access MethodU.S Enterprise Remote Access in 2002-Main Access Method






BASICS :-GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITEBASICS :-GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE



SATELLITE COMMUNICATION BANDSSATELLITE COMMUNICATION BANDS

Documents

Datacom II REMOTE ACCESS 1 REMOTE ACCESS Lecture II